JP6176672B2 - 排出物制御のための多構成要素フィルタ - Google Patents
排出物制御のための多構成要素フィルタ Download PDFInfo
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- JP6176672B2 JP6176672B2 JP2014502704A JP2014502704A JP6176672B2 JP 6176672 B2 JP6176672 B2 JP 6176672B2 JP 2014502704 A JP2014502704 A JP 2014502704A JP 2014502704 A JP2014502704 A JP 2014502704A JP 6176672 B2 JP6176672 B2 JP 6176672B2
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- catalyst
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- oxidation catalyst
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- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
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- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
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- B01D53/9468—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different layers
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- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
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- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9436—Ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/40—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a hydrolysis catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
- F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/18—Ammonia
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
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- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
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Description
本発明の実施形態とともに使用するための好適な基材は、壁流フィルタを含む。図1および2に示され、上記で説明されるような、これらのフィルタは、概して、基材の縦軸に沿って延在する、複数の細い実質的に平行なガス流通路を有する。典型的には、各通路が基材本体の一方の端部で遮断され、代替的な通路が反対の端面で遮断される。通路は、長方形、正方形、円形、楕円形、三角形、六角形、または他の多角形を含むが、それらに限定されない任意の形状を有することができる。壁の厚さは、結果として生じた触媒物品の所望の性質に応じて変化し得る。一般に、細孔径が類似する場合、より大きい壁厚さが、システム背圧により大きく影響を及ぼすであろう。壁厚さは、典型的には、約0.002から約0.1インチに及ぶ。
本発明の態様は、排ガスを処理するための排出物処理システムを対象とする。図5は、上記で説明される触媒物品100が、エンジン10の下流に位置し、かつエンジン10と流体連通している、本発明の実施形態を示す。本発明の1つ以上の実施形態では、排出物処理システムは、エンジン10の下流で、かつエンジン10と流体連通して表される、触媒物品100を伴うエンジン10から本質的に成る。本明細書および添付の請求項で使用されるように、「本質的に成る」という用語は、他の触媒を追加しない限り、付加的な構成要素が含まれてもよいことを意味する。例えば、図6は、上記で説明されるような下流触媒物品100を伴うエンジン10から本質的に成る、排出物処理システムを示す。還元剤注入器11システムが、エンジン10と触媒物品100との間に位置し、かつその間の排気流と流体連通している。還元剤注入器11の包含は、他の触媒を本システムに追加せず、反応物を追加するにすぎない。
本発明の付加的な実施形態は、煤、尿素、アンモニア、NOx、CO、および炭化水素を含む、排ガス流を処理する方法を対象とする。図3および4を再び参照すると、尿素の加水分解は、触媒物品100の入口チャネル64の入口端54に位置する加水分解触媒110によって促進される。煤は、ガス透過性壁53にガス流を通過させることによって、加水分解触媒110の後にガス流から濾過される。ガス流を濾過することにより、入口チャネル64の入口壁65の上でフィルタケーキの形成をもたらす。アンモニアおよびNOxは、触媒物品100のガス透過性壁53を透過する選択的触媒還元触媒120の存在下で、それによって促進されて、N2を形成するように反応させられる。ガス透過性壁53から退出するガス流中のアンモニアは、出口壁67の上に被覆されたアンモニア酸化触媒130の存在下で、それによって促進されて、酸化させられる。COおよび炭化水素は、触媒物品の出口端56において出口壁67の上に被覆された酸化触媒140の存在下で、それによって促進されて、二酸化炭素および水を形成するように酸化させられる。いくつかの実施形態では、図4を参照すると、煤のうちのいくらかは、選択的触媒還元触媒120の前の煤酸化触媒150の存在下で、それによって促進されて、酸化させられる。いくつかの実施形態では、煤は、フィルタケーキの形成後に酸化させられる。
Claims (22)
- 煤、アンモニア、アンモニア前駆体、NOx、CO、及び炭化水素を含有するガス流から排出物を除去する触媒物品であって、
前記ガス流中の煤を捕捉するための壁流フィルタであり、前記フィルタは、全長を画定する入口端及び出口端と、軸方向に延在する複数の入口チャネルおよび出口チャネルの中に形成される、厚さを有するガス透過性壁とを有し、各入口チャネルが、入口壁と、開放入口端と、施栓出口端とを有し、各出口チャネルが、出口壁と、施栓入口端と、開放出口端とを有し、各入口チャネルが隣接出口チャネルを有する、壁流フィルタ、
前記アンモニア前駆体の加水分解を促進する加水分解触媒であり、前記入口端から延在する前記入口チャネルの前記入口壁の一部に被覆される加水分解触媒、
前記ガス透過性壁に浸透する選択的触媒還元触媒(SCR触媒)であり、過剰酸素の存在下で前記ガス流中のNOxのN2への変換を促進する選択的触媒還元触媒、
前記ガス流中のアンモニアのN2への選択的酸化を促進する、前記出口チャネルの前記出口壁の所定長さ範囲を被覆するアンモニア酸化触媒、及び
CO及び炭化水素のCO2への酸化を促進する、前記出口端から前記入口端に向けて延在する前記出口チャネルの前記出口壁の一部に被覆される酸化触媒、
を含み、
前記選択的触媒還元触媒が、前記壁流フィルタの全長に亘って延在し、
前記酸化触媒は、少なくとも出口チャネルに被覆され、及び前記出口端から前記入口端に向けて被覆され、及び
前記酸化触媒の前記出口チャンネルにおける範囲は、前記出口端に施される栓の長さ範囲の少なくとも一部を含み、及び
前記アンモニア酸化触媒は、前記出口壁の前記酸化触媒よりも入口側に被覆されていることを特徴とする触媒物品。 - 前記加水分解触媒が存在し、且つ前記入口端から前記壁流フィルタの長さの50%まで延在し、前記ガス流が最初に前記加水分解触媒に接触するように配設される請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記加水分解触媒が存在し、且つ前記入口端から、6.35mm(1/4インチ)から前記壁流フィルタの長さの10%の範囲内の長さまで延在する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記加水分解触媒が存在し、且つチタニアを含む請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記選択的触媒還元触媒が、0.015g/cm3 (0.25g/インチ3)から0.15g/cm3 (2.5g/インチ3)の範囲内の充填量を有する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記選択的触媒還元触媒が、金属促進分子篩を含む請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記選択的触媒還元触媒の前に、煤酸化触媒をさらに含む請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記煤酸化触媒が、ガス透過性壁に浸透する請求項7に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記煤酸化触媒が、前記ガス透過性壁の入口側に浸透する層を含む請求項8に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記層が、前記壁厚さの最大50%の深さまで前記ガス透過性壁に浸透する請求項9に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記煤酸化触媒が、前記入口壁上に層を含む請求項7に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記煤酸化触媒が、ジルコニア安定化酸化セリウムを含む請求項7に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記アンモニア酸化触媒が、前記触媒物品の全長の最大50%まで延在する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記アンモニア酸化触媒が、前記酸化触媒から前記触媒物品の全長の最大50%まで延在する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記酸化触媒が、前記出口チャネルの出口端から最大50.8mm(2インチ)の長さまで延在する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記酸化触媒が、前記アンモニア酸化触媒の一部に重複する請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記アンモニア酸化触媒上に、実質的に前記酸化触媒の重複がない請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記酸化触媒が、高表面積支持材上に白金族金属を含む請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記壁流フィルタが、質量基準で煤粒子の85%以上を除去する高効率フィルタである請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- エンジンと、前記エンジンの下流に位置し、且つ前記エンジンと流体連通している請求項1に記載の触媒物品とを含む排出物処理システム。
- 前記エンジンの下流、前記触媒物品の上流に位置付けられ、かつ両方と流体連通しているディーゼル酸化触媒をさらに含む請求項20に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記触媒物品の上流に、還元剤注入器をさらに含む請求項20に記載の排出物処理システム。
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US13/433,663 US8722000B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-29 | Multi-component filters for emissions control |
PCT/US2012/033802 WO2012135871A1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-04-16 | Multi-component filters for emissions control |
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CN103687661B (zh) | 2017-12-05 |
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CN103687661A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
US20140219880A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
WO2012135871A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
CA2832852A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
CA2832852C (en) | 2019-09-24 |
JP2017205756A (ja) | 2017-11-24 |
US20120247092A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
JP2014515445A (ja) | 2014-06-30 |
BR112013024950A2 (pt) | 2016-12-20 |
EP2691165B1 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
ZA201308015B (en) | 2015-01-28 |
MY165027A (en) | 2018-02-28 |
EP2691165A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
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