JP2014502921A - 膜蒸留のための複合混合マトリックス膜、及び関連する製造方法 - Google Patents
膜蒸留のための複合混合マトリックス膜、及び関連する製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014502921A JP2014502921A JP2013549680A JP2013549680A JP2014502921A JP 2014502921 A JP2014502921 A JP 2014502921A JP 2013549680 A JP2013549680 A JP 2013549680A JP 2013549680 A JP2013549680 A JP 2013549680A JP 2014502921 A JP2014502921 A JP 2014502921A
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- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
[高い液体侵入圧力(LEP)]
[高い透過性]
[疎水性層の低い熱伝導率]
[親水性層の高い熱伝導性]
[膜蒸留において混合マトリックス膜を使用する重要性の理論的背景]
[複合混合マトリックス膜]
[複合混合マトリックス膜の製造]
[混合マトリックス膜の特徴]
[複合混合マトリックス膜の用途]
[膜の例:直接接触膜蒸留による脱塩のための複合混合マトリックス膜の調製、及び特性評価]
[実験]
[物質]
[SMMの特性評価]
[膜の調製]
[1.走査電子顕微鏡検査(SEM)]
[2.X線光電子分光検査(XPS)]
[3.機械的試験]
[直接接触膜蒸留実験]
[結果及び考察]
[複合混合マトリックス膜の特性評価]
[結論]
Claims (22)
- 膜蒸留系であって、少なくとも親水性層、及び疎水性層を有するフラットシート複合混合マトリックス親水性/疎水性膜を含み、
親水性層は親水性ポリマー、及び高熱伝導性の無機ナノ粒子を更に含み、かつ
疎水性層はフッ化表面変性高分子(SMM)を更に含む、膜蒸留系。 - 前記親水性ポリマーが熱可塑性ポリマーである、請求項1に記載した膜蒸留系。
- 熱可塑性ポリマーがポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリエーテルイミド、及び酢酸セルロースからなる群から選択される、請求項2に記載した膜蒸留系。
- 前記ナノ粒子が高熱伝導性の無機ナノ粒子である、請求項1に記載した膜蒸留系。
- 前記無機ナノ粒子が酸化銅、窒化ホウ素、窒化アルミニウム、アルミニウム、鉄、及び炭化ケイ素からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載した膜蒸留系。
- 前記フッ化表面変性高分子(SMM)が、ポリウレタン化学を使用して合成したオリゴマーフルオロポリマーであり、表面変性高分子がフッ化末端基を含む、請求項1に記載した膜蒸留系。
- 前記フッ化SMMが前記親水性層内にブレンドされている、請求項1に記載した膜蒸留系。
- 前記SMMがポリ(ウレタンプロピレングリコール)、及びポリ(ウレアジメチルシロキサンウレタン)からなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載した膜蒸留系。
- 前記混合マトリックス膜が透過流束、及び透過性を最大化するために考えられるモルホロジー構造を有する、請求項1に記載した膜蒸留系。
- 前記モルホロジー構造が、前記疎水性層の厚み及び多孔性、前記親水性層の厚み、多孔性、及び熱伝導率、並びにフラットシート膜の内部構造を表すパラメータを含む、請求項9に記載した複合混合マトリックス膜。
- 前記複合混合マトリックス膜が複合高分子膜より高い蒸気透過流束を有する、請求項1に記載した膜蒸留系。
- 前記複合混合マトリックス膜が複合高分子膜より高い機械的強度を有する、請求項1に記載した膜蒸留系。
- 複合混合マトリックス膜が市販の単一疎水性層の膜より低い濡れ傾向を有する、請求項1に記載した膜蒸留系。
- 膜蒸留の複合混合マトリックス親水性/疎水性膜を製造する相転換方法であって、前記方法は、
(a)ホスト親水性ポリマーを、所定量の不溶性無機ナノ粒子、及び非溶媒添加物と共に溶媒中に分散させて、ポリマー―無機溶液を形成する工程と、
(b)フッ化表面変性高分子(SMM)をポリマー―無機溶液に加えて、ポリマー―無機ナノ粒子SMMブレンドを形成する工程と、
(c)前記ポリマー―無機ナノ粒子ブレンドをキャストし、前記溶媒を所定の時間、室温で蒸発させて、キャストフィルムを形成する工程と、
(d)系統的に蒸発の時間を変化させて、蒸発時間が無機ナノ粒子の底層での沈殿、及び疎水性SMMの上層への移動に及ぼす影響を調査し、及び変更する工程と、
(e)溶媒の蒸発を制御する特定の置換手段を有するカバーでキャストフィルムを覆って、無機ナノ粒子の底層での沈殿、及び疎水性SMMの空気/ポリマー界面への移動により多くの時間を許容する工程と、
(f)工程(c)で得られた前記キャストフィルムを水中に浸漬してゲル化する工程とを含む、方法。 - 前記複合膜の透過流束を増加させるために、前記複合膜の前記疎水性ポリマー層の多孔性を最大化し、かつ厚みを最小化する工程を更に含む、請求項14に記載した複合混合マトリックス膜を製造する方法。
- 前記親水性層の厚さ、及び熱伝導率を最大化する工程を更に含む、請求項14に記載した複合混合マトリックス膜を製造する方法。
- 請求項14に記載した複合混合マトリックス膜を製造する方法であって、前記ホスト親水性層が、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリエーテルイミド、酢酸セルロース、及び親水性ポリマーである熱可塑性樹脂として知られる他のポリマーの少なくとも一つ、並びに酸化銅、窒化ホウ素、窒化アルミニウム、アルミニウム、鉄、炭化ケイ素、及び高熱伝導性の他の無機、又は有機ナノ粒子の少なくとも一つを含む、前記複合混合マトリックス膜を製造する方法。
- 前記疎水性上層がポリマーの性質、例えばSMM、又は無機の性質、例えばゼオライトから成る、請求項14に記載した複合混合マトリックス膜を製造する方法。
- 前記非溶媒添加物がγ―ブチロラクトン、エタノール、塩化リチウム、及び非溶媒添加物として膜の文献において知られている他のものからなる群から選択される、請求項14に記載した複合混合マトリックス膜を製造する方法。
- 前記溶媒がN,N―ジメチルアセトアミド、1―メチル―2―ピロリドン、及び親水性ポリマーとして19に定義したポリマーのための溶媒、又は溶媒の混合物として知られている他のものからなる群から選択される、請求項14に記載した複合混合マトリックス膜を製造する方法。
- 副層のより高い熱伝導性、及び疎水性層への水蒸気移動の抵抗の減少のため、より高い透過流束を示す、請求項14に記載した複合混合マトリックス膜を製造する方法。
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