JP2013503743A - ジェッティングおよび他の技術を使用して生成された多重エマルジョン - Google Patents
ジェッティングおよび他の技術を使用して生成された多重エマルジョン Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明の種々の態様を導く研究は、the National Science Foundationの助成金番号DMR−0820484、DMR−0602684、DBI−0649865およびDMR−0213805により、少なくとも部分的に後援された。米国政府は本発明における一定の権利を有し得る。
本出願は、2009年9月2日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/239,405号(発明の名称「Multiple Emulsions Created Using Jetting and Other Techniques」、Weitzら)および2010年6月9日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/353,093号(発明の名称「Multiple Emulsions Created Using Jetting and Other Techniques」、Weitzら)の利益を主張する。これらの出願の各々は、本明細書において参照として援用される。
本発明は一般にエマルジョン、より具体的には多重エマルジョンに関する。
エマルジョンは、第1流体が、一般にその第1流体と非混和性である第2流体中に分散されている場合に存在する流体状態である。一般的なエマルジョンの例は、水中油型および油中水型のエマルジョンである。多重エマルジョンは、3つ以上の流体、または典型的な二流体エマルジョンより複雑な様式で配置された2つ以上の流体によって形成されるエマルジョンである。例えば、多重エマルジョンは、油中水中油型(「o/w/o型」)であっても水中油中水型(「w/o/w型」)であってもよい。薬剤送達、塗料、インクおよびコーティング、食品および飲料、化学的分離ならびに健康用品および化粧品などの分野における最近の潜在的な用途のため、多重エマルジョンは特に興味のあるものである。
本発明は一般に、エマルジョン、より具体的には多重エマルジョンに関する。本発明の主題は、いくつかの場合、相互に関係のある生成物、特定の課題に対する代替溶液、および/または1つもしくは複数のシステムおよび/または物品の複数の異なる使用を含む。
本発明は一般に、エマルジョンに関し、より具体的には多重エマルジョンに関する。一態様では、多重エマルジョンは、流体をチャネル中に押し込むことによって、例えば流体をチャネルに「ジェット」として流入させることによって形成される。その流体を周囲の流体で封入するために側部チャネルを用いることができる。いくつかの場合、多重エマルジョン液滴が形成される前に、複数の流体を、チャネルを通して共線状に流すことができる。特定の実施形態では、流体チャネルは様々な度合いの親水性または疎水性を含むこともできる。例として、流体チャネルは、交差部の上流(またはチャネル内の他の領域)で相対的に親水性であってよく、交差部の下流で相対的に疎水性であってよい。またその逆であってもよい。いくつかの場合、平均断面寸法は、例えば交差部で変化していてよい。例えば、平均断面寸法は交差部で増大してよい。驚くべきことに、流体チャネルの親水性の変化と組み合わさった寸法の比較的小さな増大は、特定の流動条件下で共線状に流れる複数流体のストリームの液滴形成を遅延させることができる。したがって、多重エマルジョン液滴が形成されるポイントを、流体チャネル内で容易に制御することができる。いくつかの場合、複数の液滴を、流体チャネル内の単一の位置において(またはその近傍において)流体の共線状の流れから形成させることができる。さらに、予想外に、本明細書で説明するものなどのシステムは、低い表面張力を有する流体、粘性流体または粘弾性流体などの他の技術を用いて封入するのが困難かまたはそれが不可能な単一または多重のエマルジョン中に流体を封入するために用いることができる。本発明の他の態様は一般に、そうしたシステム、そうしたシステムを含むキット、そうしたシステムを用いて生成されたエマルジョンなどを作製および使用する方法を対象とする。
この実施例は、リソグラフィー的に加工されたデバイスにおいて一段階プロセスで二重エマルジョンを形成させるための技術を示すものである。これらのデバイスは、中間相の内側の第1活性相の安定なネスト化したジェットの形成を可能にする。このネスト化したジェットは、第2のジャンクションへ送られ、そこではチャネルが拡がり、連続相が加えられる。これは、ジャンクションの入口での不安定性を生じ、ドリッピングプロセスにおいてジェットが単分散の二重エマルジョンへと破壊されるようにする。このプロセスは二重エマルジョンを生成し、いくつかの場合、これは比較的薄くシェル化される。
この実施例は、広範囲のシェル厚さを有する多重エマルジョンを生成させる簡単な方法を例示するものである。非混和性流体の多重ジェットを生成させるためにマイクロ流体デバイスを使用し、ドリッピング不安定性を用いてそのジェットを破壊して多重エマルジョンにした。ジェットの厚さを制御することによって、多重エマルジョン中のシェルの厚さを制御することができる。この例で示すように、一段階形成は、粘弾性流体などの他では制御的に乳化することができない流体から、単分散エマルジョンを生成させる効果的な方法である。
内部ジェットが外部ジェットより安定している場合、異なる種類の一段階形成が起こることが分かった。これは、内相が、非常に安定したジェットを形成している流体を含む場合に起こった。これは、非常に粘性であるか、粘弾性であるか、または低い表面張力を有しているためである。この種の一段階形成を例示するため、この実施例では、二重ジェットの内相をオクタノールで置き換えた。オクタノールは空気に対して、非常に低い水との表面張力を有し、それが非常に安定したジェットを形成できるようにしており、他のマイクロ流体技術で乳化させるのを非常に困難にしている。内相としてそれを二重流れ集束デバイスに注入することによって、その中で内部ジェットが外部ジェットより安定している二重ジェットが生成された(図7A)。外部ジェットが液滴中にピンチし始めると、これは内部ジェットを押しつぶし、それによって、液滴中にピンチされるようにする。図7Aに示すように、そのコアにオクタノール液滴を有する二重エマルジョンを生成する。
Claims (60)
- 主マイクロ流体チャネルと;
第1交差部で前記主マイクロ流体チャネルと交差する少なくとも1つの第1側部マイクロ流体チャネルと;
前記第1交差部とは別個の第2交差部で前記主マイクロ流体チャネルと交差する少なくとも1つの第2側部マイクロ流体チャネルと
を含む装置であって、
前記第2交差部が、前記主マイクロ流体チャネルを、第1側部の第1部分と前記第2交差部の反対側の第2部分とに分離しており、前記第1部分は、前記第1交差部と前記第2交差部の間の前記主マイクロ流体チャネルの側部上に画定されており、
前記主マイクロ流体チャネルの前記第2部分が、前記主マイクロ流体チャネルの前記第1部分の平均断面寸法に対して、前記主マイクロ流体チャネルの前記第1部分の平均断面寸法より約5%〜約20%大きい平均断面寸法を有しており、
前記主マイクロ流体チャネルの前記第1部分が第1親水性を有し、前記主マイクロ流体チャネルの前記第2部分が前記第1親水性と異なる第2親水性を有する装置。 - 前記第1交差部で前記主マイクロ流体チャネルと交差する2つの第1側部マイクロ流体チャネルからなる、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記2つの第1側部マイクロ流体チャネルがそれぞれ、前記主マイクロ流体チャネルとほぼ直角に前記主マイクロ流体チャネルと交差する、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記第1交差部で前記主マイクロ流体チャネルと交差する2つの第2側部マイクロ流体チャネルからなる、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記2つの第2側部マイクロ流体チャネルがそれぞれ、前記主マイクロ流体チャネルとほぼ直角に前記主マイクロ流体チャネルと交差する、請求項4に記載の装置。
- 前記主マイクロ流体チャネルの前記第1部分が相対的に親水性であり、前記主マイクロ流体チャネルの前記第2部分が相対的に疎水性である、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記主マイクロ流体チャネルの前記第1部分が相対的に親水性であり、前記主マイクロ流体チャネルの前記第2部分が相対的に疎水性である、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記第1および第2交差部とは別個の第3交差部で前記主マイクロ流体チャネルと交差している少なくとも1つの第3側部マイクロ流体チャネルをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの第3側部マイクロ流体チャネルと前記少なくとも1つの第2側部マイクロ流体チャネルが実質的に同じ親水性を有する、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの第3側部マイクロ流体チャネルと前記少なくとも1つの第2側部マイクロ流体チャネルが実質的に同じ平均断面寸法を有する、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 主マイクロ流体チャネル中に第1流体を提供するステップと;
前記主マイクロ流体チャネルと第2流体を含む少なくとも1つの第1側部マイクロ流体チャネルとの第1交差部に前記第1流体を流して、前記第1流体に分離した液滴を形成させることなく、前記第1流体が前記第2流体によって取り囲まれるようにするステップと;
前記主マイクロ流体チャネルと第3流体を含む少なくとも1つの第2側部マイクロ流体チャネルとの第2交差部に前記第1および第2流体を流して、前記第1および第2流体に分離した液滴を形成させることなく、前記第2流体が前記第3流体によって取り囲まれるようにするステップと;
前記第1および第2流体に個別の液滴を形成させるステップと
を含む方法であって、前記第1流体が前記第2流体中に含まれ、前記第2流体が前記第3流体中に含まれる方法。 - 前記第1および第2流体に個別の液滴を形成させる動作が、前記第1、第2および第3流体を、前記主マイクロ流体チャネルと第4流体を含む少なくとも1つの第3側部マイクロ流体チャネルとの第3交差部に流すステップを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第3流体と前記第4流体が実質的に同じである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2流体に個別の液滴を形成させる動作が、前記第1、第2および第3流体を、ジェッティング条件下で前記第2交差部を通り過ぎるようにするステップを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2流体に個別の液滴を形成させる動作が、前記第1、第2および第3流体を、流体のウェーバー数が1を超えるような条件下で前記第2交差部を通り過ぎるようにするステップを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第2交差部の下流の前記主マイクロ流体チャネルが、前記第2交差部の上流の前記主マイクロ流体チャネルの平均断面寸法より、前記第2交差部の上流の前記主マイクロ流体チャネルの平均断面寸法に対して約5%〜約20%大きい平均断面寸法を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第2交差部の上流の前記主マイクロ流体チャネルが第1親水性を有し、そして前記第2交差部の下流の前記主マイクロ流体チャネルが前記第1親水性とは異なる第2親水性を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1流体が前記第3流体と接触しない、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第2流体が、前記第3流体で取り囲まれた後、チャネル壁と接触しない、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1流体と前記第2流体が実質的に非混和性である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第2流体と前記第3流体が実質的に非混和性である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2流体が、前記第3流体と接触する前に、実質的に共線状に流れる、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記個別の液滴のほぼすべてがそれぞれ約1mm以下の平均径を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1、第2または第3の流体の少なくとも1つがその中にある種を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記マイクロ流体チャネルが約1mm以下の平均断面寸法を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記マイクロ流体チャネルが約300μm以下の平均断面寸法を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記マイクロ流体チャネルが約100μm以下の平均断面寸法を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記マイクロ流体チャネルが約30μm以下の平均断面寸法を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1流体を、前記マイクロ流体チャネルを通して引き込む圧力が大気圧より低い、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記個別の液滴が、液滴の約10%以下が平均寸法の約10%を超える寸法を有するような直径の分布を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 第2流体液滴によって取り囲まれた第1流体液滴を含む物品であって、前記第2流体液滴が第3流体によって取り囲まれており、前記第1流体液滴が約40mN/m以下の25℃の空気中での表面張力を有する流体を含む物品。
- 前記第2流体液滴が、直径で約1mm未満の特性寸法を有する、請求項31に記載の物品。
- 前記第2流体液滴が、直径で約100μm未満の特性寸法を有する、請求項31に記載の物品。
- 前記第2流体液滴が、直径で約10μm未満の特性寸法を有する、請求項31に記載の物品。
- 前記第2流体液滴が、直径で約1μm未満の特性寸法を有する、請求項31に記載の物品。
- 前記第2流体液滴が本質的に界面活性剤を含まない、請求項31に記載の物品。
- 前記第1流体液滴がオクタノールを含む、請求項31に記載の物品。
- 前記表面張力が約30mN/m以下である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記表面張力が約25mN/m以下である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 第2流体で取り囲まれた第1流体を含む物品であって、前記第2流体が第3流体によって取り囲まれており、前記第1流体が25℃の空気中での第1表面張力を有し、そして前記第2流体が25℃の空気中での第2表面張力を有し、前記第2表面張力が前記第1表面張力の少なくとも2倍である物品。
- 前記第2流体液滴が、直径で約1mm未満の特性寸法を有する、請求項40に記載の物品。
- 前記第2流体液滴が本質的に界面活性剤を含まない、請求項40に記載の物品。
- 前記第2表面張力が、前記第1表面張力の少なくとも2.5倍である、請求項40に記載の物品。
- 前記第2表面張力が、前記第1表面張力の少なくとも3倍である、請求項40に記載の物品。
- 第2流体で取り囲まれた第1流体を含む物品であって、前記第2流体が第3流体によって取り囲まれており、前記第1流体が少なくとも20mPa sの25℃での粘度を有する物品。
- 前記第2流体液滴が、直径で約1mm未満の特性寸法を有する、請求項45に記載の物品。
- 前記第2流体液滴が本質的に界面活性剤を含まない、請求項45に記載の物品。
- 前記第1流体が少なくとも100mPa sの25℃での粘度を有する、請求項45に記載の物品。
- 前記第1流体が少なくとも104mPa sの25℃での粘度を有する、請求項45に記載の物品。
- 前記第1流体が粘弾性である、請求項45に記載の物品。
- 前記第1流体が少なくとも0.01GPaの25℃でのヤング率を有する、請求項45に記載の物品。
- 前記第1流体が少なくとも0.1GPaのヤング率を有する、請求項45に記載の物品。
- 前記第1流体が少なくとも1GPaのヤング率を有する、請求項45に記載の物品。
- 前記第1流体が少なくとも10GPaのヤング率を有する、請求項45に記載の物品。
- 第2流体で取り囲まれた第1流体から第1液滴を形成させるステップを含む多重エマルジョンを作製する方法であって、前記第2流体が第3流体によって取り囲まれており、前記第1流体が約40mN/m以下の25℃の空気中での表面張力を有する方法。
- 第2流体で取り囲まれた第1流体から第1液滴を形成させるステップを含む多重エマルジョンを作製する方法であって、前記第2流体が第3流体によって取り囲まれており、前記第1流体が25℃の空気中での第1表面張力を有し、そして前記第2流体が25℃の空気中での第2表面張力を有し、前記第2表面張力が前記第1表面張力の少なくとも2倍である方法。
- 第2流体で取り囲まれた第1流体から第1液滴を形成させるステップを含む多重エマルジョンを作製する方法であって、前記第2流体が第3流体によって取り囲まれており、前記第1流体が、少なくとも20mPa sの25℃での粘度および少なくとも0.01GPaの25℃でのヤング率を有する方法。
- 第1流体の離散した液滴を含む第2流体を含む物品であって、前記第1流体の離散した液滴の少なくとも約90%が、離散した液滴の約10%以下が離散した液滴の平均寸法の約10%を超える寸法を有するような直径の分布を有し、前記第1流体が約40mN/m以下の25℃の空気中での表面張力を有する物品。
- 第1流体の離散した液滴を含む第2流体を含む物品であって、前記第1流体の離散した液滴の少なくとも約90%が、離散した液滴の約10%以下が離散した液滴の平均寸法の約10%を超える寸法を有するような直径の分布を有し、前記第1流体が25℃の空気中での第1表面張力を有し、そして前記第2流体が25℃の空気中での第2表面張力を有し、前記第2表面張力が前記第1表面張力の少なくとも2倍である物品。
- 第1流体の離散した液滴を含む第2流体を含む物品であって、前記第1流体の離散した液滴の少なくとも約90%が、離散した液滴の約10%以下が離散した液滴の平均寸法の約10%を超える寸法を有するような直径の分布を有し、前記第1流体が少なくとも20mPa sの25℃での粘度および少なくとも0.01GPaの25℃でのヤング率を有する物品。
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CN102574078B (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
CN102574078A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
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US20120211084A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
WO2011028764A2 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
EP2473263B1 (en) | 2022-11-02 |
US10874997B2 (en) | 2020-12-29 |
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