JP2012503981A - 共有結合的に固定化した酵素及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
共有結合的に固定化した酵素及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012503981A JP2012503981A JP2011529064A JP2011529064A JP2012503981A JP 2012503981 A JP2012503981 A JP 2012503981A JP 2011529064 A JP2011529064 A JP 2011529064A JP 2011529064 A JP2011529064 A JP 2011529064A JP 2012503981 A JP2012503981 A JP 2012503981A
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- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 sodium nitro ferricyanide Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229940083618 sodium nitroprusside Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B titanium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
調製後の日数 材料の活性(SU/g)
0 30.39
1 27.28
2 32.17
5 32.71
6 32.19
8 33.37
12 32.88
15 29.1
20 31.38
29 41.33
36 29.05
51 39.07
68 30.06
82 34.81
103 36.08
126 39.27
159 32.7
294 48.1
394 37
460 40
試薬
硫酸アンモニアストック溶液(2000mg% NH3−N):H2Oに94.34グラムの(NH4)2SO4を溶解する。濃H2SO4を1滴添加する。H2Oで1リットルにする。
フェノール試薬:H2Oに50グラムのフェノールと0.25グラムのニトロプルシドナトリウム(ニトロフェリシアン化ナトリウム)とを溶解し、H2Oで1リットルにする。
次亜塩素酸試薬:約500mlのH2Oに25グラムのNaOHを溶解する。20mlの10%次亜塩素酸ナトリウム漂白剤を添加し、H2Oで1リットルにする。
NH3−Nスタンダード(10mg%、15mg%及び20mg%):0.5ml、0.75ml及び1mlの硫酸アンモニアストック溶液(2000mg%)をそれぞれ100ml容のメスフラスコにピペッティングし、H2Oで一定容量にする。
手順
スダンダード、試料及びブランクを全て三連で行う。
1mlのフェノール試薬を全ての試験管に加える。
20ulのH2Oをブランクとしてそれぞれの試験管に加える。
20ulのスタンダートをそれぞれの試験管に加える。
混合する。
1mlの次亜塩素酸試薬を添加し、ボルテックスする。
室温で20分間静置する。
8mlのH2Oを添加し、3回ボルテックスする。
参照キュベットにおいてブランクを使用して635nmで吸光度を読み取る(規定通り)。
試料の吸光度をスタンダードの吸光度と比較することにより、試料中のNH3−N(mg%)を算出する。
酸を撹拌中のポリマーに非常にゆっくりと(液滴で)添加することにより、10gのBPEIを25mLの5M HCl中に溶解した。これには約30分〜45分かかった。全ての酸を添加したら、ポリマー溶液を室温に冷却されるまで撹拌した。これには約10分かかった。
スタンダード 1 2 3 平均 標準偏差
10 0.317 0.312 0.318 0.316 0.003515 0.479 0.489 0.485 0.484 0.007020 0.661 0.633 0.658 0.651 0.0198
スタンダード 1 2 3 平均 標準偏差
バッチ15 1.052 1.043 1.036 1.044 0.0080
材料の活性:30.39SU/g
635nmでの吸光度。
3.5mLのEGDGEを使用する以外は実施例1のバッチ調製に従った。架橋密度を算出すると、およそ20%であった。
スタンダード 1 2 3 平均 標準偏差
10 0.327 0.321 0.322 0.323 0.0042 15 0.489 0.491 0.495 0.492 0.0014 20 0.66 0.666 0.661 0.662 0.0042
スタンダード 1 2 3 平均 標準偏差
バッチ13 1.548 1.584 1.563 1.565 0.0180
材料の活性:23.44SU/g
635nmでの吸光度。
7mLのEGDGEを使用する以外は実施例1のバッチ調製に従った。架橋密度を算出すると、およそ40%であった。
スタンダード 1 2 3 平均 標準偏差
10 0.314 0.306 0.312 0.31 0.005715 0.491 0.492 0.494 0.492 0.000720 0.632 0.671 0.676 0.652 0.0276
スタンダード 1 2 3 平均 標準偏差
バッチ11 0.469 0.462 0.468 0.466 0.0038
材料の活性:7.25SU/g
635nmでの吸光度。
2.0gのBPEI/EGDGE/ウレアーゼ/炭素の組成物を撹拌バーの入った100mL容のメスフラスコに秤量した。10mLの酢酸ナトリウム/塩化ナトリウムバブラー(bubber)溶液をフラスコに加えて、撹拌を始めた。
ウレアーゼ−ストリップ溶液を、pH7.0でウシアルブミンを300mLのリン酸緩衝溶液に添加することにより調製した。アルブミンを最終濃度が150mg%になるように添加した。
算出:
溶液Bの活性=NH4 +(mg%)/100mL
溶液Aの活性=(溶液Bの活性)×10mL/2.0gの材料
ウレアーゼの漏出=(溶液Aの活性)/100mL
結果:
漏出=0.00148SU/g/mL
ウレアーゼストリップ溶液(リン酸緩衝液+150mg%のアルブミン)中に1.5gの尿素を溶解することによりリン酸尿素溶液を調製した。
スタンダード 1 2 3 平均 標準偏差
10 0.305 0.308 0.301 0.305 0.002115 0.477 0.468 0.472 0.472 0.006420 0.637 0.627 0.633 0.632 0.0070
スタンダード 1 2 3 平均 標準偏差
バッチ13 1.548 1.584 1.563 1.565 0.0181
バッチ13試料におけるNH3(mg%):14.51
材料の活性:7.25SU/g
これらの一連の実施例において、実施例1を言及された量の各構成要素を除いて本質的に繰り返し、さらに使用するウレアーゼはSigma-Aldrichから入手し、約2700SU/g〜5400SU/gの酵素活性を有することを特徴とし得る精製形態であった。共有結合した巨大分子の形成体中に少なくとも1つの酵素と、少なくとも1つのポリマーと、少なくとも1つの架橋剤とを有する組成物の効果を測定するために、この反応で使用する架橋剤の量、及び/又はアミン含有ポリマー、及び/又は含水量を変えた。以下の結果で分かるように、精製形態のウレアーゼは、調製後何日も経った後でも依然として優れた酵素安定性を維持していた。精製ウレアーゼが粗ウレアーゼよりもかなり安定性が低いと考えられ、反応又は修飾、例えば架橋の際に失活しやすい可能性があるので、このことは精製酵素、例えば精製ウレアーゼを使用する場合に特に重要である。これらの実験で、酵素活性は5日超、10日超、15日超、30日超、45日超等の期間にわたり得ることができ、かつ安定であり得ることが分かった。結果を以下で要約する。
試薬:10gのBPEI、25mlの5N HCl、0.1gのウレアーゼ、5滴のDI H2O、1.75mlのEGDGE
結果:
調製後の日数 材料の活性(SU/g)
1 3.4
9 3
16 2.2
22 4.7
29 4.7
37 3.4
57 2.7
試薬:10gのBPEI、25mlの5N HCl、0.3gのウレアーゼ、12mlのDI H2O、1.75mlのEGDGE
結果:
調製後の日数 材料の活性(SU/g)
1 6.3
7 7.2
14 6.9
22 7.4
42 5.6
試薬:10gのBPEI、25mlの5N HCl、0.3gのウレアーゼ、7.5mlのDI H2O、1.75mlのEGDGE
結果:
調製後の日数 材料の活性(SU/g)
1 7.2
5 7.5
8 9.3
28 6.9
試薬:10gのBPEI、25mlの5N HCl、0.3gのウレアーゼ、4.0mlのDI H2O、1.75mlのEGDGE
結果:
調製後の日数 材料の活性(SU/g)
1 4.5
2 5.1
22 2.9
試薬:8gのBPEI、20mlの5N HCl、0.3gのウレアーゼ、6.0mlのDI H2O、1.40mlのEGDGE
結果:
調製後の日数 材料の活性(SU/g)
1 13.6
2 14
7 12.4
30 25.3
47 13.3
試薬:8gのBPEI、20mlの5N HCl、0.3gのウレアーゼ、3.0mlのDI H2O、1.40mlのEGDGE
結果:
調製後の日数 材料の活性(SU/g)
2 13.4
25 19.5
42 12.9
試薬:6gのBPEI、15mlの5N HCl、0.3gのウレアーゼ、4.0mlのDI H2O、1.05mlのEGDGE
結果:
調製後の日数 材料の活性(SU/g)
5 19.7
11 16.3
Claims (51)
- 固定化酵素を製造する方法であって、
少なくとも1つのポリマーと、少なくとも1つの酵素との水性混合物を形成すること、
少なくとも1つの架橋剤を該水性混合物に添加し、反応混合物を形成する、添加すること、及び
共有結合した巨大分子の形成体において該酵素を固定化するように該反応混合物を維持すること、
を含む、方法。 - ポリマーがポリアミンを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ポリマーがポリ(エチレンイミン)、ポリ(プロピレンイミン)、ポリ(アリルアミン)、ポリ(ビニルピリジン)、ポリ(ビニルイミダゾール)、ポリ(l−リジン)、又はそれらの任意の組合せを含む、請求項1に記載の方法.
- ポリマーが分岐ポリ(エチレンイミン)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 架橋剤がヘテロ二官能性ポリエチレングリコール、ホモ二官能性ポリエチレングリコール、又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 架橋剤がポリ(エチレングリコール)ジアクリレート、テトラ(エチレングリコール)ジアクリレート、ポリ(エチレングリコール)ジグリシジルエーテル、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ジブロモへキサン、グルタルアルデヒド、エピクロロヒドリン、又はそれらの任意の組合せを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 架橋剤が1つ又は複数のエポキシ官能基、1つ又は複数のアクリレート官能基、1つ又は複数のハロゲン官能基、1つ又は複数のカルボキシル官能基、1つ又は複数のアルデヒド官能基、又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 架橋剤がエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 酵素がグルコースオキシダーゼ、乳酸オキシダーゼ、ペルオキシダーゼ、クレアチナーゼ、クレアチニナーゼ、サルコシンオキシダーゼ、グルコースデヒドロゲナーゼ、ウレアーゼ、又はそれらの任意の組合せを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 酵素がウレアーゼである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 酵素が粗ウレアーゼ、未処理ウレアーゼ又はその両方である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 酵素が該架橋剤及び該ポリマーと共有結合する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 初めに該ポリマーを水溶液中に溶解し、次に該酵素を該水溶液に添加した後、該架橋剤を添加して、該反応混合物を形成する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 架橋剤の第1の官能基を該ポリマーと反応させ、該架橋剤の第2の官能基を該酵素と反応させる、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 架橋剤の第1のエポキシ官能基を該ポリマーのアミン基と反応させ、該架橋剤の第2のエポキシ官能基を該酵素のアミン基と反応させる、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 酵素の該アミン基が該酵素におけるリジン由来のものである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 活性炭を該混合物に混ぜることをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 活性炭が該形成体の約1重量パーセント〜約30重量パーセントを占める、請求項17に記載の方法。
- リン酸ジルコニウムを該混合物に混ぜることをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 架橋剤を40%未満の架橋密度が得られる量添加する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 架橋剤を約5%〜約15%の架橋密度が得られる量添加する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法によって製造した共有結合的に固定化した酵素を含む組成物。
- 酵素がウレアーゼである、請求項22に記載の組成物。
- 共有結合的に固定化した酵素を含み、酵素活性を有する、乾燥した固体組成物であって、共有結合した巨大分子の形成体中に(i)少なくとも1つの酵素と、(ii)少なくとも1つのポリマーと、(iii)少なくとも1つの架橋剤との反応生成物を含む、組成物。
- ポリマーがポリ(エチレンイミン)、ポリ(プロピレンイミン)、ポリ(アリルアミン)、ポリ(ビニルピリジン)、ポリ(ビニルイミダゾール)、ポリ(l−リジン)、又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- ポリマーが分岐ポリ(エチレンイミン)である、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 架橋剤がヘテロ二官能性ポリエチレングリコール、ホモ二官能性ポリエチレングリコール、又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 架橋剤がポリ(エチレングリコール)ジアクリレート、テトラ(エチレングリコール)ジアクリレート、ポリ(エチレングリコール)ジグリシジルエーテル、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ジブロモへキサン、グルタルアルデヒド、エピクロロヒドリン、又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 架橋剤が1つ又は複数のエポキシ官能基、1つ又は複数のアクリレート官能基、1つ又は複数のハロゲン官能基、1つ又は複数のカルボキシル官能基、1つ又は複数のアルデヒド官能基、又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 架橋剤がエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルである、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 酵素がグルコースオキシダーゼ、乳酸オキシダーゼ、ペルオキシダーゼ、クレアチナーゼ、クレアチニナーゼ、サルコシンオキシダーゼ、グルコースデヒドロゲナーゼ、ウレアーゼ、又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 酵素がウレアーゼである、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 酵素が該架橋剤及び該ポリマーと共有結合する、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 酵素が未固定化酵素と比較して少なくとも約10%の酵素活性を保持する、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 組成物がヒドロゲルである、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 酵素が乾燥状態、周囲温度及び圧力で、少なくとも90日間保存される場合、製造時の酵素活性と比較して90%を超える酵素活性を保持する、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 活性炭をさらに含む、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 活性炭が該組成物の約1重量%〜約30重量%の量で存在し、該酵素が該組成物の約30重量%〜約55重量%の量で存在し、該ポリマーが該組成物の約25重量%〜約35重量%の量で存在し、該架橋剤が約40%以下の(no more than)架橋密度を提供するような量で存在する、請求項37に記載の組成物。
- リン酸ジルコニウムをさらに含む、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 共有結合した巨大分子の形成体中に固定化ウレアーゼと、少なくとも1つのポリマーと、少なくとも1つの架橋剤とを含む組成物。
- 化合物を該化合物を含有するシステムから取り除く方法であって、該システムを請求項24に記載の固定化酵素で処理すること、及び該化合物を実質的に含まないシステムを回収することを含む、方法。
- 化合物が尿素を含み、該酵素がウレアーゼを含む、請求項41に記載の方法。
- システムが透析システムである、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 1つ又は複数のイオン交換材料で該システムを処理することをさらに含む、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 吸着カートリッジ中に層として請求項23に記載の組成物を含む、吸着カートリッジ。
- 前記組成物に隣接したアルミナの存在を排除する、請求項45に記載の吸着カートリッジ。
- 共有結合的に固定化した酵素を含み、酵素活性を有する、乾燥した固体組成物であって、該組成物が共有結合した巨大分子の形成体中に(i)少なくとも1つの酵素と、(ii)少なくとも1つのポリマーと、(iii)少なくとも1つの架橋剤との反応生成物を含み、該ポリマーがポリアミンを含み、該架橋剤がヘテロ二官能性ポリエチレングリコール、ホモ二官能性ポリエチレングリコール、又はそれらの組合せを含み、該酵素がウレアーゼであり、前記組成物が40%未満の架橋密度を有し、該酵素が乾燥状態、周囲温度及び圧力で、少なくとも30日間保存される場合、製造時の酵素活性と比較して80%を超える酵素活性を保持する、組成物。
- 前記ウレアーゼが未処理ウレアーゼ、粗ウレアーゼ又はその両方である、請求項47に記載の組成物。
- 前記ウレアーゼが精製ウレアーゼである、請求項47に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリマーがポリアミンを含む、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 組成物が40%未満の架橋密度を有する、請求項24に記載の組成物。
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- 2009-09-02 EP EP09792142.3A patent/EP2331688B1/en active Active
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WO2010039384A2 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
AU2009300187A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
US8497107B2 (en) | 2013-07-30 |
WO2010039384A3 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
US20130230896A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
CA2735452A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
EP2331688A2 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
JP5848128B2 (ja) | 2016-01-27 |
AU2009300187B2 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
CA2735452C (en) | 2022-02-01 |
US20100078381A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
EP2331688B1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
CA3076044A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
US9187744B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
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