JP2012214393A - 抗酸化剤、及び抗酸化化粧料 - Google Patents
抗酸化剤、及び抗酸化化粧料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012214393A JP2012214393A JP2011079711A JP2011079711A JP2012214393A JP 2012214393 A JP2012214393 A JP 2012214393A JP 2011079711 A JP2011079711 A JP 2011079711A JP 2011079711 A JP2011079711 A JP 2011079711A JP 2012214393 A JP2012214393 A JP 2012214393A
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- extract
- antioxidant
- medium
- yeast
- culture
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Landscapes
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
これまでにない高い抗酸化効果を有する抗酸化物質を得、化粧品に応用することを課題とする。
【解決手段】
天然成分を含まず、炭素源、窒素源、リン源を含む基本培地に地楡抽出液及び/又は丁子抽出液を加え、Saccharomyces cerevisiae 酵母で培養し、培養終了後、菌体と培養液とに分離し、本培養菌体の抽出液を効果成分として用いることで、優れた抗酸化剤、抗酸化化粧料を得る事が出来る。
【選択図】なし
Description
を接種して発酵させた組成物が記載されている。
このため、培養に伴い微生物から産生される成分が、上記の揮発性の成分と反応することにより微生物が産生する悪臭を脱臭することを目的としている。上記特許は、微生物用培養培地と記載されているが、具体的には細菌用培地に関する内容しか記載されておらず、すべての微生物にその効果が適用されると納得できるデータも説明も明細書には記載されていない。また、上記特許の内容は、細菌が代謝する硫化化合物、およびアミン物質を上記の植物抽出物の臭いでマスキングしようとするものであり、植物抽出物の臭い自体を減じようとするものではない。しかし、本願特許は、植物抽出液自体の臭い、色を減じることを目的として、酵母菌の培養培地に植物抽出液を添加してその臭い、色を減じるものである。また、酵母菌は分類上も原核生物である細菌とは異なる真核生物であり、かつ清酒の吟醸講に代表されるように、代謝により硫化化合物、アミン化合のような不快な臭気を出すものではないことは明らかであり、本願特許とは全く異なるものである。
本発明で用いるSaccharomyces cerevisiae 酵母は市販されているパン酵母、または分譲されているSaccharomyces cerevisiae
に属する酵母であれば使用できる。また、酵母は糖類が存在する自然界からも容易に分離することができるため、植物や土などから分離した酵母でSaccharomyces cerevisiae に属する酵母であれば使用できる。
培地組成としては、最低限の炭素源と窒素源とリン源を含んでいれば良く、炭素源としては、リボース、アラビノース、キシロース、グルコース、フルクトース、マンノース、ガラクトース、ラムノース、等の単糖類、シュクロース、マルトース、ラクトース、トレハロース、セロビオース、等の二糖類、またラフィノース、マルトトリオース等の三糖類を用いることができる。これらから1種以上含有していれば良い。
窒素源としては、尿素、硝酸塩として硝酸カリウム、硝酸ナトリウム、硝酸カルシウム、アンモニウム塩として硫酸アンモニウム、塩化アンモニウム、また、アミノ酸として、トリプトファン、
リシン、メチオニン、フェニルアラニン、トレオニン、バリン、イソロイシン、ロイシン、ヒスチジン、アラニン、アルギニン、アスパラギン、セリン、アスパラギン酸、システイン、グルタミン、グルタミン酸、グリシン、プロリン、チロシン等の窒素含有化合物を用いることができ、これらから1種以上含有していれば良い。
リン源としては、リン酸塩を用いることが出来、リン酸1水素カリウム、リン酸2水素カリウム、リン酸アンモニウムを用いることができ、これらから1種以上含有していれば良い。
ビタミン源としては、例えばビオチン、チアミン(ビタミンB1)、リボフラビン、ピリドキシン(ビタミンB6)、パントテン酸、アスコルビン酸、ヨウ酸、シアノコバラミン、イノシトール、ニコチン酸、コリン、カルニチン、パラアミノ安息香酸、ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド等を用いることができる。
ミネラル源としては、カリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、イオウ、鉄、マンガン、亜鉛、ホウ素、銅、モリブデン、ナトリウム、ヨウ素、コバルト等が挙げられ、これらを供給できる具体的な成分としては、例えば、硝酸カルシウム、塩化カリウム、塩化カルシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸ナトリウム、硫酸第一鉄、硫酸第二鉄、硫酸マンガン、硫酸亜鉛、ホウ酸、硫酸銅、モリブデン酸ナトリウム、三酸化モリブデン、ヨウ化カリウム、塩化コバルト等の化合物を用いることができる。
勿論、天然成分を含まない合成培地であるCzapek培地、Burkholder培地、YNB(Yeast Nitrogen Base)培地を基本培地とすることも出来る。
市販されているパン酵母(日清スパーカメリア・ドライイースト:日清フーズ(株))を購入し、120℃で15分間滅菌したYM培地100mlを添加した三角フラスコに0.1g懸濁し、28℃、150rpmで3日間回転培養を行った。懸濁液を1白金耳取り、YM寒天培地上で引き伸ばして単独コロニーを得、これを以下の実験に使用した。
以下、培地組成においてg/L等とあるのは、各成分を該当g計量し、精製水で1Lにしたという意味である。
<YM培地>
ペプトン5g/L、酵母エキス3g/L、麦芽エキス3g/L、グルコース10g/L
<YM寒天培地>
YM培地に寒天20g/Lを添加し、加熱溶解して作成。
地楡抽出液は、漢方薬として市販されている地楡乾燥物を購入し、粉砕機で粉砕した。粉砕物10gに精製水90gを加え、80℃で2時間加熱抽出した。抽出液は遠心分離器で上澄み液を取り、地楡抽出液とした。丁子抽出液は香辛料として市販されているクローブ粉末を購入し、以下地楡抽出液と同じ処理を行い、丁子抽出液を得た。
なお、得られた抽出液の濃度は、地楡抽出液は、蒸発残分に換算して2.0W/V%、丁子抽出液は、蒸発残分に換算して6.5W/V%であった。
培地はYNB(Yeast Nitrogen Base) with Ammonium Sulfate 合成培地にグルコースを2.0%添加した(以下、本明細書中では、YNB-SG培地と称す)。
培地50mlに〔実施例2〕で調製した地楡及び/又は丁子抽出液を加え(配合量は表中に記載)、120℃、15分間オートクレーブで滅菌処理を行った。培地を冷却後、1白金耳の酵母菌を植え付け、28℃、150rpm、で4日間培養を行った。培養後、3,000rpm、5分間の遠心分離により、菌体と培養液を分離した。分離した菌体に50%エタノール水溶液3mlを加え、室温で1昼夜放置した。その後3000rpmで5分間遠心分離を行い、上清を取り菌体抽出液とした。
<YNB-SG培地組成>
硫酸アンモニウム5,000、リン酸二水素カリウム1,000、硫酸マグネシウム500、塩化ナトリウム100、塩化カルシウム100、ビオチン0.002、パントテン酸カルシウム0.4、葉酸0.002、イノシトール2.0、ナイアシン0.4、パラアミノ安息香酸0.2、塩酸ピリドキシン0.4、リボフラビン0.2、塩酸チアミン0.4、ホウ酸0.5、硫酸銅0.04、ヨウ化カリウム0.1、塩化第二鉄0.2、硫酸マンガン0.4、モリブデン酸ナトリウム0.2、硫酸亜鉛0.4、グルコース20,000(単位は全てmg/L)。
尚、比較品1〜5、試験品1〜3の色は、化粧品に添加する前の状態で、比較品1、2は、生薬特有の濃い茶色を示し、酵母で培養した比較品3〜5及び試験品1〜3については、透明淡黄色であった。
それに対し、本願発明である、天然物を含まない合成培地に地楡及び/又は丁子抽出液を添加する形で培養した場合においては、生薬特有の色も臭いも大幅に低減することが出来、汎用性が広がったと言える。
<DPPH溶液の調製>
DPPH溶液は、以下に示す各成分を、(A):(B):(C)=1:4:3容量の割合で混合し調製する。
(A)ES(2-(N-モルホリノ)エタンスルホン酸)5.52gを水100mlに溶かし、1N−NaOHでPH6.1に調製する。
(B)DPPH(1,1−ジフェニルー2−ピクリルヒドラジル)15.7mgをエタノール100mlに溶解する。
(C)精製水
<Trolox溶液の調製>
Trolox25mgをDMSO(ジメチルスルホキシド)10mlに溶解し、10mM溶液を作成した。
<DPPH試験>
測定は試験溶液10μlを96wellplateの1well中に加え、次いでDPPH溶液190μlを迅速に加え混合する。10分後、各wellの吸光度を540nmで測定する。試験溶液のTrolox当量は、0.1mM、0.3mM、0.5mM、1.0mM、3.0mM、5.0mM、10mMのTrolox溶液10μlをとり、DPPH溶液190μlを加え混合し、10分後の540nmの吸光度を測定し、Trolox濃度と540nmの吸光度値の検量線を作成する。試験溶液の540nmの吸光度値から、検量線によりTrolox当量を算出した。標準物質として使用するTroloxは、トコフェロールと類似した構造を有する物質である。Troloxを1とした場合、α-トコフェロール、γ-トコフェロール、δ-トコフェロールは、それぞれ0.50、0.74、1.36を示すといわれているので、Trolox当量が0.5以上であれば、十分な抗酸化効果であると言える。
地楡抽出液添加濃度0%において、培養前培地のTrolox当量が0mMであることから、YNB-SG培地そのものには、DPPH消去活性がないことが分かる。つまり、地楡抽出液が実質的に添加されている培養前培地のTrolox当量は、各添加濃度の地楡抽出液そのもののTrolox当量を示していると言える。
酵母培養後の菌体抽出液のTrolox当量は、地楡抽出液の添加濃度に依存して高くなっている。尚、表には示していないが、地楡抽出液を更に添加した場合においても、濃度依存性が確認された。
培養前培地及び培養後の菌体抽出液のTrolox当量が、近似した数値になっていることから、地楡抽出液を酵母で培養しても、地楡抽出液そのものの抗酸化効果は低減していないことが分かる。
尚、地楡抽出液の各添加濃度において、当初の抽出液に存在した特有の臭い、色は、培養後には大幅に低減されており、地楡抽出液の当初の抗酸化効果は維持したままで、臭い、色を大幅に低減することが出来ることが確認出来た。
酵母培養後の菌体抽出液のTrolox当量は、丁子抽出液の添加濃度に依存して高くなっている。尚、表には示していないが、丁子抽出液を更に添加した場合においても、濃度依存性が確認された。
培養前培地及び培養後の菌体抽出液のTrolox当量が、近似した数値になっていることから、丁子抽出液を酵母で培養しても、丁子抽出液そのものの抗酸化効果は低減していないことが分かる。
尚、丁子抽出液の各添加濃度において、当初の抽出液に存在した特有の臭い、色は、培養後には大幅に低減されており、丁子抽出液の当初の抗酸化効果は維持したままで、臭い、色を大幅に低減することが出来ることが確認出来た。
菌体抽出液は得られた菌体に、50%エタノール水溶液を3ml添加し、5℃、24時間放置撹拌後、5,000rpmにて遠心分離した上清を菌体抽出液とした。
<菌体の生育度>
培養して得られた、培養液を3,000rpmで10分間遠心分離を行い、培養上清を除去し、増殖した酵母菌体を回収し、回収した菌体湿重量を測定した。
<Trolox当量>
前述の[実施例5]と同様の方法で行った。
<臭いの確認>
各培地において培養後に、上記方法で得られた菌体抽出液を作成して臭いを確認した。
(判定基準)
◎:臭いなし。
○:やや臭いはあるが、気にならない。
×:臭いあり。
<色の確認>
各培地において培養後に、得られた前記菌体抽出液の色を下記の判定基準に従って評価した。
(判定基準)
◎:色なし。
○:やや色はあるが、気にならない。
×:色あり。
表5の結果より、(A)炭素源、(B)窒素源、(C)リン源からなる合成培地に地楡抽出液を添加した培地で培養した場合であっても、高い抗酸化効果を維持し、臭いも色も気にならない抗酸化剤が得ることが出来た。
尚、(A)炭素源を含まない場合は、極端に菌が生育しなかった為、表に示さず。
以下の化粧料の処方例で示す酵母菌体抽出液は、YNB-SG培地で、地楡及び/又は丁字抽出液を0.2%添加して培養した酵母菌体抽出液を示す。なお、下記に示した酵母菌体抽出液の配合料は、抽出液としての量である。カッコ内に蒸発残分としての量を併記した。
(処方例1)化粧用クリーム(質量%)
a)ミツロウ・・・2.0
b)ステアリルアルコール・・・5.0
c)ステアリン酸・・・8.0
d)スクワラン・・・10.0
e)自己乳化型グリセリルモノステアレート・・・3.0
f)ポリオキシエチレンセチルエーテル(20E.O.)・・・1.0
g)地楡抽出液を添加して培養した酵母菌体抽出液・・・10.0(0.035)
h)1,3−ブチレングリコール・・・5.0
i)水酸化カリウム・・・0.3
j)防腐剤・酸化防止剤・・・適量
k)精製水・・・残部
製法
a)〜f)までを加熱溶解し、80℃に保つ。h)〜k)までを加熱溶解し、80℃に保ち、a)〜f)に加えて乳化し、40℃まで撹拌しながら冷却する。その後、g)を加え、攪拌し均一に溶解する。
a)ミツロウ・・・0.5
b)ワセリン・・・2.0
c)スクワラン・・・8.0
d)ソルビタンセスキオレエート・・・0.8
e)ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテル(20E.O.)・・・1.2
f)丁子抽出液を添加して培養した酵母菌体抽出液・・・0.1(0.00035)
g)1,3−ブチレングリコール・・・7.0
h)カルボキシビニルポリマー・・・0.2
i)水酸化カリウム・・・0.1
j)精製水・・・残部
k)防腐剤・酸化防止剤・・・適量
l)エタノール・・・7.0
製法
a)〜e)までを加熱溶解し、80℃に保つ。g)〜k)までを加熱溶解し、80℃に保ち、a)〜e)に加えて乳化し、50℃まで撹拌しながら冷却する。50℃でf)、l)を添加し、40℃まで攪拌、冷却する。
a)地楡抽出液を添加して培養した酵母菌体抽出液・・・5.0(0.0175)
b)グリセリン・・・5.0
c)ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート(20E.O.)・・・1.0
d)エタノール・・・6.0
e)香料・・・適量
f)防腐剤・酸化防止剤・・・適量
g)精製水・・・残部
製法
a)〜g)までを混合し、均一に溶解する。
a)ステアリン酸・・・12.0
b)ミリスチン酸・・・14.0
c)ラウリン酸・・・5.0
d)ホホバ油・・・3.0
e)グリセリン・・・10.0
f)ソルビトール・・・15.0
g)1,3−ブチレングリコール・・・10.0
h)POE(20)グリセロールモノステアリン酸・・・2.0
i)水酸化カリウム・・・5.0
j)水・・・残部
k)キレート剤・・・適量
l)香料・・・適量
m)丁子抽出液を添加して培養した酵母菌体抽出液・・・1.0(0.0035)
n)地楡抽出液を添加して培養した酵母菌体抽出液・・・1.0(0.0035)
製法
a)〜h)までを加熱溶解し70℃に保つ。j)にi)を溶解後a)〜h)に加えケン化する。その後k)、l)を入れ攪拌しながら冷却する。50℃でm)、n)を添加し、40℃まで攪拌、冷却する。
a)地楡抽出液を添加して培養した酵母菌体抽出液・・・10.0(0.035)
b)丁子抽出液を添加して培養した酵母菌体抽出液・・・5.0(0.0175)
c)グリセリン・・・5.0
d)ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート(20E.O.)・・・1.0
e)エタノール・・・6.0
f)香料・・・適量
g)防腐剤・酸化防止剤・・・適量
h)精製水・・・残部
製法
a)〜h)までを混合し、均一に溶解する。
a)地楡抽出液と丁子抽出液を添加して培養した酵母菌体抽出液・・・5.0(0.0175)
b)グリセリン・・・5.0
c)ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート(20E.O.)・・・1.0
d)エタノール・・・6.0
e)香料・・・適量
f)防腐剤・酸化防止剤・・・適量
g)精製水・・・残部
製法
a)〜g)までを混合し、均一に溶解する。
Claims (5)
- 天然成分を含まず、炭素源及び窒素源及びリン源を含む基本培地に、地楡及び/又は丁子抽出液を配合した培地で培養したSaccharomyces cerevisiae の菌体抽出液からなる抗酸化剤。
- 次の(A)、(B)、(C)からなる基本培地であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の抗酸化剤。
(A)炭素源として、単糖類、二糖類、三糖類から選択される1種以上
(B)窒素源として、硝酸塩、アンモニウム塩、尿素、アミノ酸から選択される1種以上
(C)リン源として、リン酸塩から選択される1種以上 - 次の(A)、(B)、(C)からなる基本培地であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項2いずれか記載の抗酸化剤。
(A)炭素源として、リボース、アラビノース、キシロース、グルコース、フルクトース、マンノース、ガラクトース、ラムノース、シュクロース、マルトース、ラクトース、トレハロース、セロビオース、ラフィノース、マルトトリオースから選択される1種以上
(B)窒素源として、硝酸カリウム、硝酸ナトリウム、硝酸カルシウム、硫酸アンモニウム、塩化アンモニウム、トリプトファン、
リシン、メチオニン、フェニルアラニン、トレオニン、バリン、イソロイシン、ロイシン、ヒスチジン、アラニン、アルギニン、アスパラギン、セリン、アスパラギン酸、システイン、グルタミン、グルタミン酸、グリシン、プロリン、チロシンから選択される1種以上
(C)リン源として、リン酸1水素カリウム、リン酸2水素カリウム、リン酸アンモニウムから選択される1種以上 - 基本培地に加えて配合する抽出液が、地楡抽出液の蒸発残留物で0.05質量%以上、丁子抽出液が蒸発残留物で0.05質量%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項3のいずれかに記載の抗酸化剤。
- 請求項1〜請求項4記載いずれかの抗酸化剤を配合したことを特徴とする抗酸化化粧料。
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