JP2012115263A - Fermentation floor material for chicken dropping treatment, method for producing the same, and method for treating chicken dropping using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fermentation floor material highly efficiently decomposable of excreted chicken droppings, effectively reducing malodor such as ammonia odor, and reducing the weight of waste by suppressing sludge formation.SOLUTION: The fermentation floor materials are acquired by steaming chip raw materials obtained from Japanese cedar at 120-160°C under pressure of 3-6 atmospheres for 60-120 minutes, subsequently mashing the acquired steamed objects, and making them fibrous.

Description

  The present invention relates to a poultry house bedding, and more specifically, fermentation that can efficiently decompose excreted chicken manure, suppress generation of malodor such as ammonia odor, and significantly reduce sludge waste. The present invention relates to a flooring material (hereinafter referred to as “material”), a manufacturing method thereof, and a chicken manure treatment method using the same.

  In the breeding of livestock, materials (laying materials) are spread on the floor so as to keep the livestock warm and absorb and decompose manure to reduce malodors and maintain a sanitary environment. Conventionally, rice husk, straw, sawdust, bark and the like have been used as such materials. However, these have problems such as insufficient water absorption, too hard or pointed shapes, so that domestic animals are damaged or uncomfortable. Moreover, since the excreted excreta cannot be completely decomposed, the bad odor is bad, and the excrement and the litter are mixed to form sludge, and it is necessary to dispose of it. Furthermore, it causes stress on livestock, and the generation of flies, malodorous ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide is an environmental problem in the vicinity. Occasionally, in the livestock industry, management itself cannot survive. For this reason, as a condition for livestock farmers to maintain and integrate with the local environment, it is indispensable to achieve zero emissions by disposing livestock manure on the farm without leaving the farm.

  In order to solve such problems, attempts have been made to process raw materials. For example, a material obtained by steaming bark chips with saturated steam at 200 ° C. and 20 atm has been proposed (Patent Document 1). However, when steaming is performed under such high temperature and high pressure conditions, a large amount of furfural harmful to livestock may be contained. Moreover, since this material cannot be reused unless it is steamed again after being used once, there is a problem that the processing is complicated and the cost is increased.

JP 2003-250371 A

  Therefore, the excreted chicken manure can be efficiently decomposed, effectively reducing odors such as ammonia odor, reducing sludge and reducing waste, and achieving zero emissions. Development of a new material is desired, and this invention makes it a subject to provide such a material.

  The present inventors have focused on nitrogen in chicken manure as an energy source required for the fiber-degrading bacteria to decompose cellulose (fiber) into carbon dioxide and water, and steamed cedar chip raw materials under specific conditions. If chicken is raised in an environment where the processed and fiberized material is laid on the floor of a poultry house and mixed with fiber-degrading bacteria, the odor is remarkably reduced and almost no sludge is produced by simply stirring the mixture periodically. Since it does not progress and is maintained in a hygienic state, it is found that it can be used for a long period of time without requiring treatment for reuse, and almost no waste is generated, leading to the completion of the present invention. It was.

  That is, the present invention is a material obtained by steaming a chip raw material obtained from cedar at a pressure of 3 to 6 atm and a temperature of 120 to 160 ° C. for 60 to 120 minutes, and then crushing the resulting steamed material to form a fiber. It is.

  The material of the present invention can quickly decompose excreted feces and reduce malodor such as ammonia odor. Moreover, by simply stirring the chicken manure and materials, sludge formation hardly occurs and the hygienic state is maintained. For this reason, it becomes possible to make the amount of chicken manure and materials discarded during breeding almost zero, and the environmental load can be significantly reduced.

It is drawing which shows typically the manufacturing plant for manufacturing the material of this invention. It is a front view of the steaming can used in a manufacturing plant. It is a right view of a steaming can. In Example 5, it is the figure which showed typically the state which laid the material in each test section. (A) shows test group 1, (b) shows test group 2, and (c) shows test group 3.

  The material of the present invention (a poultry laying material) is obtained by steaming a chip raw material from wood and crushing the steamed product into a fibrous form.

The chip used as a raw material is made of wood such as a chipper or the like and made of wood with a size of about 6 to 16 cm ² and a thickness of about 2 to 3 mm. The wood for obtaining chips is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use raw wood, not old wood, and in particular, to use cedar thinned wood that is required to be developed for new uses. .

  The chip raw material is steamed at a temperature of 3 to 6 atmospheres, preferably about 4 to 5 atmospheres, 120 to 160 ° C., preferably 130 to 160 ° C., more preferably about 150 to 160 ° C. It is performed for 180 minutes, preferably 60 to 120 minutes, more preferably about 90 to 120 minutes.

  The chip raw material cooked in this way (hereinafter referred to as “steamed chip”) is then crushed into fibers.

  This crushing is performed, for example, by crushing between a fixed blade of a refiner (defibrator) and a rotary blade about 2 mm (when the cutting edge is worn down, about 0.85 mm is allowed).

  By this crushing, a fibrous material is obtained, which is allowed to cool and can be used as a material.

  In the present invention, as described above, for example, since it is cooked at a pressure of 6 atm or less and a temperature of about 150 ° C., the wood is softened, and the cellulose and hemicellulose in the wood are softened, resulting in decay and damage. It breaks the binding of lignin that has the resistance to And it is fibrillated by the action of a refiner etc., and becomes a property which microorganisms are easy to utilize. This material contains almost no harmful substance furfural (at most 2 ppm or less) and is highly safe.

  Next, an example of the manufacturing plant used in order to implement the material of this invention is demonstrated.

  FIG. 1 is a drawing schematically showing a production plant used for producing the material of the invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of a steaming can used in this production plant, and FIG. 3 is a right side view thereof. . In the figure, 1 is a steaming can, 2 is a cart rail, 3 is a hoist conveyor, 4 is a hoist crane, 5 is a storage net, and 6 is a reciprocating silo. Further, 7 is a screw conveyor, 8 is a transfer conveyor, 9 is a refiner inlet, 10 is a refiner, 11 is a throat screw, 12 is a rotary knife / fixed knife part, and 13 is a refiner outlet.

  Three storage nets 5 are stored in the steaming can 1 used in this plant. When this steaming can is viewed from the front, the door is attached as shown in FIG. The side surface of the steaming can 1 is provided with a pressure gauge 19 and a thermometer 20 as shown in FIG. 3, and has a function of keeping the pressure and temperature constant. A steam inlet 18 is also provided for introducing steam from the boiler.

  The storage net 5 is put in and out of the detachable cart rail 2 by an electric motor. The storage net 5 is lifted by the hoist crane 4 and conveyed to the reciprocating silo 6 by the hoist conveyor 3.

  This reciprocating silo 6 automatically receives steamed chips and sends the steamed chips to the screw conveyor 7 with a built-in rake that is automatically actuated by a sensor. The screw conveyor 7 automatically sends the steamed chips to the transport conveyor 8 on a regular basis. It is a formula operation silo.

  Furthermore, the conveyor 8 is a facility for conveying chips to the refiner 10 at a fixed time.

  The refiner 10 receives the steamed chips from the inlet 9, and feeds them to the rotary blade / fixed blade part 12 that crushes the steamed chips with the throat screw 11, where it is ground and discharged from the outlet 13 as a fibrous material. The discharged material passes through the wind pipe 15 by the air feeding fan 14 and reaches the accumulation chamber 17 through the cyclone 16.

  In order to prepare materials in the manufacturing plant shown in FIG. That is, first, the open / close door of the steaming can 1 is opened, and the storage net 5 stored inside is rolled up on the bogie rail 2 and taken out. The storage net 5 is lifted with a forklift, the tip is received with a tip silo, placed on the bogie rail 2, and again taken into the steaming can 1. The pressure-resistant door is closed, and steam from the boiler is taken from the steam inlet 18 and pressurized with steam. This step is intended to soften the cellulose and hemicellulose of the chip and to soften the wood.

  When the steaming process is completed in this manner, the door of the steaming can 1 is opened, the storage net 5 is taken out using the cart rail 2, lifted by the hoist crane 4, the hoist conveyor 3 is moved, and the reciprocating silo 6 In In that case, when the storage net cage 5 arrives at the top of the reciprocating silo 6, the bottom plate of the storage net cage 5 automatically opens, and the steamed chips are put into the reciprocating silo 6.

  This reciprocating silo 6 receives steamed chips and sends the steamed chips to the screw conveyor 7 with a built-in rake automatically operated by a sensor. The screw conveyor 7 sends the steamed chips to the conveyor 8 at a fixed time, The conveyor 8 conveys the steamed chips to the refiner 10 at a fixed time.

  In the refiner 10, the steamed chip received at the inlet 9 is sent to the rotary knife / fixed knife part 12 by the throat screw 11, crushed, and discharged from the outlet 13 as a material. The discharged material passes through the air supply pipe 15 by the air supply fan 14, is separated into air and material by the cyclone 16, and is accumulated in the accumulation chamber 17.

  Although the material of the present invention can be produced as described above, in the chicken manure processing method using the material of the present invention, microorganisms are added to this material. As microorganisms that can be used, any microorganism can be used without limitation as long as it has a deodorizing function and a composting promoting function, but Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, filamentous fungi, etc. are preferable, and one or more of these should be used. Can do. Examples of the actinomycetes include the genera Streptomyces, Nocardia, Actinomyces, Francia, Actinoplanes, and Micromonosbora, and the filamentous fungi include Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Cephalo. Examples include the genus Sporium, the genus Acremonium, the genus Alternaria, and the genus Cladosporium. These microorganisms can be cultured by applying a known culture method, and the culture obtained by liquid culture may be used as it is, and the bacterial cells may be obtained from the culture by means such as centrifugation. May be collected and used. Furthermore, you may use what freeze-dried the culture and made it the powder form. Commercially available microbial preparations containing these microorganisms can also be used, for example, HDM system (HAKKO Corporation), Harvest (Harvest Kyushu), Yofurt α (Yofurt Feed), Superlacto A-90 (Lacto Enzyme Limited) Company), Biogreen (Toyoei Bussan Co., Ltd.) and the like. In some cases, depending on the breeding conditions of the chicken, the chicken manure can be treated only with the material without adding the microorganism. For example, when the microorganism is added to chicken feed, the decomposition treatment can be performed by the action of the microorganism contained in the feces.

  Such microorganisms are added to and mixed with the material of the present invention and supported on the material. The amount of the microorganism added to the material is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.01 to 1% by mass, preferably 0.07 to 0.12% by mass, more preferably 0.08 to 0.1% by mass in terms of dry matter. It is. When adding materials to microorganisms, spread the materials on the floor of the poultry house, and then spread and mix the microorganisms on them. Add the microorganisms to the material, mix them in advance, and then spread them on the floor. Also good. The material is usually spread on the floor surface with a thickness of about 15 to 50 cm, preferably 20 to 40 cm. In addition, the material of this invention can also be used in mixture with materials, such as a conventionally well-known sawdust, bark, and citrus. In that case, it is preferable to use 30% or more of the material of the present invention, and more preferably 100%.

  Feces excreted by the chickens housed in the cage fall and accumulate on the material, but in order to promote the effect of reducing feces due to microorganisms, the material and feces should be stirred regularly to ensure uniformity. desirable. The frequency of stirring varies depending on the scale of the poultry house, the materials, the amount of microorganisms used, etc., but it is usually preferable to perform the stirring twice or more a week.

  In the poultry manure processing method using the material of the present invention, generation of malodor and sludge can be remarkably suppressed by simply stirring periodically as described above. For this reason, it is not necessary to replace materials or perform processing for reuse, and it is only necessary to add a decrease due to the decomposition of microorganisms. Since the decrease is slight, it is usually only necessary to add about 1/10 of the original material every year for the breeding period of about 2 years. In this way, it is possible to realize zero emission in which the amount of discarded feces and contaminated materials is almost zero.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in more detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

Example 1
Manufacture of materials (1):
The cedar thinned wood was made into chips of about 3 mm thickness using a chipper. 2,000 kg of the raw material chips are placed in a storage net basket in the steaming can (diameter 2 m, length 4.5 m) of the apparatus shown in FIG. Steamed using 690 kg of steam. Next, 1,000 kg of this steamed chip was crushed with a refiner at a power of 3,300 V and 132 kW for 60 minutes to obtain a fibrous material. The appearance was brownish brown, and it had a fluffy fibrous shape when grasped and had a slight fragrance. Moreover, when furfural was analyzed for 5 products under the following conditions, the content of furfural was 2 μg / g (ppm) at the maximum, the minimum was below the detection limit (1 μg / g), and 3 points in the sample were below the detection limit. It was.

(Furfural analysis conditions)
Reagents and equipment:
2-furaldehyde: All other reagents manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. were used for residual agricultural chemical tests manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
Vacuum controller: NVELA model NVC-1100 gas chromatograph: HP5890 SERIES II manufactured by Hewlett-Packard Company
Data processor: Same as above HP3396A

Gas chromatograph operating conditions:
Detector: Hydrogen flame ionization detector (DID)
Separation column: DB-210 manufactured by J & W Scientific
(0.25mm ID × 30m, film thickness 0.25μm)
Carrier gas: Helium makeup gas: Helium hydrogen gas: 1.2 kg / cm ²
Dry air: 3.2 kg / cm ²
Column oven temperature: 60 ° C. (1 minute) to 5 ° C./minute to 160 ° C. (1 minute) to 30 ° C./minute to 250 ° C. (5 minutes)
Inlet temperature: 250 ° C
Detector temperature: 260 ° C
Injection volume: 2 μL
Sample introduction method: Splitless

Example 2
The material obtained in Example 1 was laid on the floor with a thickness of 30 cm in a 35 m × 85 m high-floor egg-collecting henhouse that accommodated 40,000 chickens. Moreover Biot Green (microbial agent consisting Bacillus subtilis and actinomycetes and fungi; manufactured Toyosaka Bussan) in the by 100g sprayed per 1 m ^3, was mixed with materials. The work of stirring the material and feces was performed twice a week. The ammonia concentration on the floor surface from November 2009 to March 2010 was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. The ammonia concentration was measured in the same manner using a conventional poultry house (unused materials and microbial preparations) as a control. Moreover, the internal temperature of the material in depth 10, 20, and 30 cm was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.

  As shown in Table 1, in the poultry house laid with the material of the present invention to which microorganisms were added, the ammonia concentration was suppressed in a very low range of 4 to 14 ppm. In contrast, in the control poultry house where no material was used, the ammonia concentration was in the range of about 200 to 300 ppm, and a strong odor was felt. Moreover, in the poultry house using the material of the present invention, since the feces and the material do not become sludge, it was not necessary to discard them at all during the measurement period of about 4 months. Furthermore, there was almost no decrease due to decomposition, and there was no need to add materials. On the other hand, in the control poultry house, it was sludged, odors were constantly on, and flies etc. were constantly generated. Moreover, it was suggested that the inside of the material was kept at a high temperature, and that the function of decomposing microorganisms carried on the material was actively performed.

Example 3
In a 35 × 85 m high-floored egg-collecting henhouse that accommodated 40,000 chickens in the same farm as in Example 2, the material obtained in Example 1 was laid on the floor with a thickness of 30 cm. On top of that, 100 g per 1 m ³ of fiber-degrading bacteria (HDM system; HAKKO Corporation) was sprayed and mixed with materials. The internal temperature of the material at a depth of 20 cm after 76 days was 38 ° C., suggesting that decomposition by microorganisms was actively carried out. Meanwhile, no soot was observed and no bad odor was observed.

Example 4
In the compost house of the farm where the chicken for meat is raised, the meat poultry manure disappearance test was conducted. 1,500 kg of the material obtained in Example 1 and chicken manure corresponding to the volume thereof were mixed at a ratio of 1: 1, and fiber-decomposing bacteria (HDM system; HAKKO Corporation) were further mixed with 100 g per 1 m ³ , The degree of decrease in the overall volume was confirmed visually. The test was conducted for 30 days from June 29 to July 29, 2011, and the decrease in volume was visually confirmed approximately every other week, and the internal temperature at a depth of about 20 cm was also measured.

  The change in volume was about 10% after 7 days, about 20% after 22 days, and the temperature was 70 ° C after 7 days, 64 ° C after 15 days, and 58 ° C after 22 days.

Example 5
In a 6 m × 12 m pig bunch that accommodates 60 pigs, the materials and saw blades obtained in Example 1 were used, and three types of test zones (FIG. 4, (a ) ~
(C)) was provided. That is, a total of 5,400 kg of materials are used in each test zone, but test zone 1 ((a)) uses only the material of Example 1 as the material, and test zones 2 ((b)) and 3 (( c)), 1,600 of 30% by mass (hereinafter simply indicated as “%”)
Only kg was used as the material of Example 1, and the remaining 70% was sawdust. In addition, in each test section, such materials are laid down at a depth of about 60 cm, and an inclination is provided so that the excrement place becomes shallow. In the test section 2, the material of Example 1 in the upper layer directly contacts the excrement place. On the other hand, in the test section 3, the lower layer sawdust was laminated so as to come into contact with feces and urine. In addition, the feed which added the super lact A-90 (microbe material mainly containing natto bacteria: lacto enzyme limited company) was given to the pig. The temperature inside and outside the material at a depth of 40 cm was measured for about 3 months. The results are shown in Table 2.

  As is clear from this result, the test section 1 using 100% of the material of Example 1 maintains the internal temperature of the material at a higher temperature than the test sections 2 and 3 using only 30% of the microorganisms. It was shown that the decomposition was active. Moreover, the test section 2 in which the material of Example 1 was laid so as to come into contact with feces and urine had a higher material internal temperature than the test section 3 in which the sawdust was brought into contact. Furthermore, in this example, it was suggested that if only the material of the present invention is spread, the decomposition process of feces can be promoted by the action of the microorganisms in the feces without supporting the microorganisms on the material.

Example 6
Material production (2):
The cedar thinned wood was made into chips of about 3 mm thickness using a chipper. 3,000 kg of the raw material chips are placed in a storage net in the steaming can (diameter 2.1 m, length 7.8 m) of the apparatus shown in FIG. Steamed with 1,690 kg of steam. Next, 1,000 kg of this steamed chip was crushed with a refiner at a power of 3,300 V and 132 kW for 60 minutes to obtain a fibrous material.

  The material of the present invention can reduce bad odors, suppress sludge and reduce the amount of waste, and is extremely useful as a material for poultry houses.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Steaming can 2 ... Carriage rail 3 ... Hoist conveyor 4 ... Hoist crane 5 ... Storage net fence 6 ... Reciprocating silo 7 ... Screw conveyor 8 ... Conveyor 9 ... Refiner inlet 10 ... Refiner 11 …… Throat screw 12 …… Rotating blade / fixed blade 13 …… Refiner outlet 14 …… Air feed fan 15 …… Air feed pipe 16 …… Cyclone 17 …… Accumulating chamber 18 …… Steam inlet 19 …… Pressure gauge 20 …… Thermometer 21 …… Pig swine 22 …… Material 1 of Example 1 …… Sawdust 24 …… Manure place 25 …… Automatic feeding machine 26 …… Feeding place

that's all

Claims (5)

  A material for a fermentation bed obtained by steaming a chip raw material obtained from cedar at a pressure of 3 to 6 atm and a temperature of 120 to 160 ° C. for 60 to 120 minutes, and then crushing the resulting steamed product to form a fiber.   The fermentation bed material according to claim 1, wherein the content of furfural is 2 ppm or less.   The fermentation floor material according to claim 1 or 2 to which a microorganism selected from the group consisting of Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, and filamentous fungi is added is spread on the floor, and the chicken excrement excreted on the material and the fermentation floor material are regularly added. A method for treating poultry manure, which is characterized by mechanical stirring.   The method for treating chicken dung according to claim 3, wherein the material for fermentation floor is spread on the floor surface with a thickness of 20 to 40 cm.   A material for a fermentation bed, characterized in that a chip raw material obtained from cedar is steamed at a pressure of 3 to 6 atm and a temperature of 120 to 160 ° C. for 60 to 120 minutes, and then the obtained steamed material is crushed into a fibrous form. Production method.

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