CN104012470A - Method for flatly raising broiler chicken on fermentation bed - Google Patents
Method for flatly raising broiler chicken on fermentation bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN104012470A CN104012470A CN201410285706.7A CN201410285706A CN104012470A CN 104012470 A CN104012470 A CN 104012470A CN 201410285706 A CN201410285706 A CN 201410285706A CN 104012470 A CN104012470 A CN 104012470A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for flatly raising broiler chicken on a fermentation bed. The method comprises the following steps: (1) brooding in a brooding region; (2) pre-fermenting padding containing chicken manure in a pre-fermenting region for 5-7 days and processing the pre-fermented padding into the fermentation bed; and (3) when a brooding period is finished or is nearly finished, flatly raising the broiler chicken by using the fermentation bed, wherein the brooding region and the pre-fermenting region are divided or separated. According to the method, operation and management of pre-fermenting the padding of the fermentation bed and the utilization rate are completed and adjusted, so that chicken crowd fungal infection can be successfully prevented; not only is the cost saved, but also the effect of preventing the chicken crowd fungal infection is obvious; the pollution-free chicken raising is realized; the method has certain economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to support fowl technical field, the particularly method of the flat raising broiler of a kind of fermentation bed.
Background technology
The development of livestock and poultry breeding industry has also brought day by day serious problem of environmental pollution in having solved animal product supply and having driven rural economic development.Country's " 12 " environmental protection planning is had higher requirement to livestock and poultry breeding industry energy-saving and emission-reduction and environment protection treating; " fermentation bed " is as the environmental protection technology of national encourage growth; meet the lasting healthy aquaculture requirement of country; fermentation bed poultry is as breeding way ecological, environment-friendly type, one of inevitable choice of poultry husbandry sustainable development beyond doubt.
Although China's fermentation bed poultry technology has obtained some achievements, but due to the operation physical condition difference of different regions fermentation bed, result and feedack are also all inconsistent, comparativity and poor with reference to property, in this Technique Popularizing, still there is a lot of blind spots and weak point, especially in southern area, the weather of high temperature, high humidity, the popularization of fermentation bed poultry technology runs into a lot of problems, and wherein the mouldy initiation of bedding and padding chicken group mycotic infection is one of problem of often running into of southern area.And cause the main cause of mycotic infection, have following some: 1. generally speaking, fermenting bed padding while fermentation in advance conventional nutriment be corn flour or rice bran or wheat bran, these nutriments are entrained in and in bedding and padding, are beneficial to mould most and grow, bedding and padding are easily mouldy, become mycotic infection source.2. thought microbial degradation chicken manure fermenting heat production in fermentation bed in the past always, contribute to the insulation of chick, thus just bring into use deep-litter systems at brood time, and in fact the resistance of chick a little less than, and in fermenting bed padding, itself containing a lot of inoculating microbes, chick is easy to be affected.3. because of place restriction, the pre-fermentation of bedding and padding is generally carried out in the hen house district of brooding, the inoculating microbe that the dust granules of kicking up while mixing bedding and padding carries is diffused in air, if now coop ventilation is bad, can cause giving up in interior unit volume air the microbe densities such as mould increases suddenly, thereby greatly increases the risk of the raw mycotic infection of chicken mass-sending.All there is the problem of large-scale chicken group mycotic infection as the trials such as Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong are used the plant (family) of fermentation bed poultry in a lot of areas, cause larger economic loss in the time using deep-litter systems poultry.Therefore, in fermentation bed poultry process, how to prevent mycotic infection to become the problem that this area must solve.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, be necessary for the problems referred to above, the method for the flat raising broiler of a kind of fermentation bed is provided.
For reaching above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed, comprises the following steps:
(1) brood in the district of brooding;
(2) utilizes the bedding and padding that contain chicken manure as the nutriment bedding and padding that ferment in advance in pre-fermentation zone, pre-fermentation time is 5-7 days, and the bedding and padding after fermenting are in advance made into fermentation bed;
(3), in the time that brood time finishes or finish, use the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed nearly;
The described Yu Yu fermentation zone, district of brooding separates or separates.
Preferably, described in brood Yu Yu fermentation zone, district separately, the Yu Yu fermentation zone, district of brooding is not at same hen house.
Preferably, described in brood Yu Yu fermentation zone, district at same hen house, the Yu Yu fermentation zone, district of brooding separates by gas impermeable material.
More preferably, described gas impermeable material is plastic film.
Preferably, described brood time finishes or ends up being 17-22 age in days nearly.
Preferably, the bedding and padding that contain chicken manure described in are brood time bedding and padding or the old bedding and padding of fermentation bed.
Preferably, in the time of pre-fermentation, to district and the junction peracetic acid disinfectant with pre-fermentation zone thereof of brooding, sterilize altogether 3 times every other day.
Preferably, the percentage by volume of described peracetic acid disinfectant is 0.1%-0.5%.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: only need, by improving and adjusting the pre-fermented operation of fermenting bed padding, management and using time, can successfully prevent chicken group mycotic infection.Compare and add mould inhibitor in the past and ferment in advance to fermenting bed padding in bedding and padding, not only save cost, and prevention chicken group mycotic infection effect is remarkable, realizes pollution-free poultry, has certain economical, societal benefits.
Embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, be described further below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1 test material and method
1.1 test method
Test site is a hen house of broiler trial field, technique center, adopts gas impermeable material that hen house is laterally divided into 2 hurdles, and every hurdle area is 64.5m
2.First group adopts fermentation bed chicken raising method, and adopting publication number is that the disclosed method of 103416321A is made fermentation bed; Second group adopts common bedding and padding chicken raising method, not inoculation fermentation bacterial classification, do not ferment in advance, directly bedding and padding are spread after hen house and are raised chickens.Bedding and padding are by sawdust and rice husk 3:2 composition by volume.
The pre-fermentation of 1.2 fermentation beds
In the present embodiment, in the time of chick 12 age in days, in house, start pre-fermentation, in the time of chick 17 age in days, bring into use fermentation bed.When pre-fermentation, add the nutriment of corn flour as microorganism.Because of place restriction, the pre-fermentation zone of bedding and padding does not isolate with the district of brooding.The bacterial classification using in the present embodiment for bacillus laterosporus bacterium (Brevibacilluslaterosporu) purchased from Chinese industrial microorganism fungus kind preservation administrative center, numbering CICC21185.Described bacillus laterosporus is made bacillus laterosporus preparation after cultivating, and every gram of bacillus laterosporus preparation contains bacillus laterosporus 1 × 10
11more than cfu, inoculum concentration is 10g/m
3.First bacterial classification is activated with a small amount of clear water, rear with clear water dilution, become bacterial classification dilution.By bedding and padding with brood chicken manure by volume 4:1 mix, spray during this time bacterial classification dilution in bedding and padding, airborne dust when preventing from mixing bedding and padding, limit mixes bedding and padding limit sprays the bacterium liquid of dilution, and regulating bedding and padding moisture is 40%-50% left and right, after mix bedding and padding heap fermentation, pile highly as far as possible, be highly greater than 1m.
The laying of 1.3 fermentation beds and daily management
By the bedding and padding that ferment in advance and new bedding and padding by volume 1:1 after mixing, lay to hen house, bedding and padding thickness is 10-20cm, the many as far as possible ventilations of hen house while spreading out bedding and padding.Fermentation bed as far as possible in the process of raising table hens more ventilates to discharge moisture and ammonia; Within every 14 days, turning over rake once (can manually turn over rake or semi-automatic machine for turning up the soil and harrowing and turn over rake); Control bedding and padding moisture content between 20-40%, the airborne dust if find bedding and padding overdrying, needs to spray on bedding and padding top layer in time clear water; Each month supplemented a bacterial classification, and to mend bacterium amount be former inoculum concentration 50%, is 5g/m
3.
1.4 experimental animals and raising
Yellow 1440 of the cocks of short pin (being purchased from the IlicifoliusZhu branch company of Guangdong Wen’S Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd.) of 1 healthy age in days are selected in test, are divided into 2 groups according to weight, principle that quantity is consistent, and every group of chicken number is 720.Duration of test, broiler chicken free choice feeding, drinking-water, normally immunity.
1.5 testing index
According to the provincial standard DB44/T169-2003 of Guangdong Province yellow-feather broiler performance test method, the daily ingestion amount on the every hurdle of accurate recording, dead wash in a pan number, dead washing in a pan heavy, wrongly differentiates that quantity etc. is to calculate the indexs such as total augment weight, average daily gain, daily ingestion amount, survival rate, death rate and feedstuff-meat ratio.
Average daily gain (ADG)=weightening finish/(test number of days × test meat chick number);
Average daily ingestion amount (ADFI)=feed consumption rate/(test number of days × test meat chick number of elements);
Feedstuff-meat ratio (F/R)=average daily ingestion amount (ADFI)/average daily gain (ADG).
The assay method of the chicken group uniformity is first every group of chicken group to be weighed greatly and draw the average weight of each group of chicken, after extract immediately 15% of chicken group sum, carrying out individuality weighs, record the weight of every chicken, next marks the weight range of measuring group mean body weight ± 10%, then by dropping on the chicken number in above-mentioned scope in a statistical survey group, divided by the chicken quantity of measuring chicken group, be multiplied by 100%, the numerical value drawing is this chicken group's the uniformity again.
Airborne mould adopts traditional viable bacteria counting method-high salt Czapek's medium method.In bedding and padding, yeast and mold detection method is according to GB/T4789.15-2003 microbiological test of food hygiene-mould, saccharomycete counting standard.In bedding and padding, the detection method of bacillus is with reference to the monitoring standard of bacillus subtilis in GB/T26428-2010 Application of Direct-fed Microbials.
1.6 data analysis
Test the data obtained adopts Excel2010 add up, analyze and map.
2 results and analysis
2.1 impacts on first flat raising broiler productivity
In the time of chick 17 age in days, there is mycotic infection and occur dead in the flat foster broiler chicken of fermentation bed.When broiler chicken is delivered for sale (64 age in days), the survival rate of the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed is only 90.1%, and the survival rate of common bedding and padding group broiler chicken is 98.1%.But through timely ventilation, sterilization and chemoprophylaxis and treatment, when off-test, the counterpoise of this group broiler chicken is 1.65kg/, slightly heavy 10g/ only for the broiler chicken (1.64kg/ only) of raising than common bedding and padding group, but the feedstuff-meat ratio of two groups of broiler chicken and the uniformity close (table 1), illustrate that the taked measure such as sterilization and pharmacotherapy has certain effect.
The productivity contrast that the common bedding and padding of table 1 and fermentation bed method raise table hens
Mould quantity in 2.2 first flat raising broiler houses in air and bedding and padding
As shown in Table 2, the mould quantity outside house, in passageway is significantly lower than the fungi count in fermentation bed barton; But fermentation bed barton (2.71 × 10
4cfu/m
3) and common bedding and padding hen house (2.02 × 10
4cfu/m
3) the equal difference of airborne fungi count is little; Reason may be in time to giving up interior ventilation after the raw mycotic infection of chicken mass-sending in test, reduce the interior airborne fungi count of fermentation bed barton, mould quantity in the interior air of house of (broiler chicken 12-17 age in days) when now fungi count can not represent morbidity in (chick 20 ages in days) mensuration house.So continue again the fungi count in feed, bedding and padding to detect (table 3), result shows that feed does not go mouldy, and fungi count (1.20 × 10 in fermenting bed padding
6cfu/g) than common bedding and padding (1.87 × 10
5cfu/g) approximately exceed 6 times, illustrate that in fermenting bed padding, fungi count is too much the main cause that causes chicken group mycotic infection.
Analyze the main cause of the flat raising broiler generation of fermentation bed mycotic infection: bedding and padding ferment in advance when chick 12 age in days in insulation house, mix on the dust that bedding and padding kick up and carry mould, be diffused in air, and due to continuous rainfall this period, temperature is low, high humidity, improper ventilation, has increased the airborne mould quantity of unit volume in house; In addition, broiler chicken is slightly coughed, resistance a little less than, finally cause this group chicken mycotic infection serious, cause death (chick 17 ages in days).
Every cubic metre of fungi count (cfu/m in air in first broiler chicken of table 2 (when chick 20 age in days) house
3)
Note: in table, data are mean value.
The mould of (when chick 20 age in days) and bacillus number (cfu/g) in first bedding and padding of table 3
Note: in table, data are mean value; Described probio is bacillus and saccharomycete.
Mould quantity in the flat raising broiler house of 2.3 second batch in air and bedding and padding
Carried out second batch test according to the result of first raising, in the time that bedding and padding ferment in advance by pre-fermentation zone with brood separate from.In the time that ambient humidity is larger, need to ventilate in time, hydrofuge gas and change fresh air reduce house in pernicious bacteria quantity; And brood finish after just use fermentation bed.
After first broiler chicken is delivered for sale, continue to use the fermenting bed padding that mycotic infection occurred, add bacterial classification, moisture, be deposited in hen house one side fermentation after mixing, second batch broiler chicken to be raised uses.In the time of pre-fermentation bedding and padding, detect the fungi count in house and in bedding and padding.As shown in Table 4, in common bedding and padding and fermentation bed barton, airborne fungi count difference is little, but in house, airborne fungi count, higher than corridor, detects the fungi count (1.89 × 10 in bedding and padding simultaneously
5cfu/g) higher than 100 times of airborne fungi counts, but lower than the fungi count (table 4) in fermentation bed in first test, with the fungi count (1.87 × 10 in common bedding and padding in first test
5cfu/g) suitable, illustrate that the bedding and padding that pile up a side fermentation are not in the situation that stirring, the mould in it can not be diffused in hen house; Fungi count in the bedding and padding of fermentation is between 10
4-10
5between cfu/g, belong in the normal value of environmental microorganism.But again there is mycotic infection for fear of chick, thus between chick soak, still with film, bedding and padding and chick are isolated completely, contactless, until the end of brooding (22 age in days) just starts to contact bedding and padding, use fermentation bed to raise.
Fungi count in table 4 second batch broiler chicken brood time (chick 17 ages in days) hen house, corridor, air and bedding and padding
Note: in table, data are mean value; Described probio is bacillus and saccharomycete.
2.4 impacts on the flat raising broiler productivity of second batch
As shown in table 5, the counterpoise (1.72kg/ only) of the second batch broiler chicken that the fermenting bed padding that adopts high temperature stacking fermentation recycling that mycotic infection occurred is raised is than the high 70g of common bedding and padding method (1.65kg/ only), and the feedstuff-meat ratio of fermentation bed broiler chicken is also lower than common bedding and padding method, the chicken group uniformity is also higher than common bedding and padding method; But the survival rate of the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed (97.1%) is a little less than common bedding and padding method (98.3%).In general, the productivity of the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed is better than common bedding and padding method.
The productivity contrast that the common bedding and padding of table 5 and fermentation bed method raise table hens
According to the inventive method, the Yu Yu fermentation zone, district of brooding isolates, and can avoid the flat raising broiler of fermenting bed padding to cause mycotic infection again, and this test also confirms to occur bedding and padding after mycotic infection through hot fermentation, can continue to raise table hens, but also can improve the productivity raising table hens.
Embodiment 2
1.1 experimental scheme
The present embodiment has compared the effect of common bedding and padding method and the flat raising broiler of different days use fermentation bed method.Test is divided into 3 groups, and every group 2 is repeated, i.e. every group of 2 column homes, and the area of every column home is 50m
2, with reference to weight, principle that quantity is consistent, every hurdle enters young 522 of the yellow cock of short pin of 1 healthy age in days.First group adopts common bedding and padding method to raise table hens, and second group adopts the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed of the bacillus laterosporus described in interpolation embodiment 1, start with the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed in 17 ages in days; The 3rd group adopts the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed of the bacillus laterosporus described in interpolation embodiment 1, starts with the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed in 22 ages in days.
The daily management that 1.2 fermentation beds raise table hens
The pre-fermentation of fermenting bed padding is with reference to operation of the present invention, and the district of brooding of the fermentation zone of bedding and padding and chick adopts plastic film to isolate.Breeding cycle is similarly 63 days, and wherein daily management, the feeding and management of broiler chicken etc. of the pre-fermentation of bedding and padding, bedding and padding are all identical with the raising of second batch broiler chicken in example 1.
1.3 results and analysis
When off-test, the feedstuff-meat ratio of second group is slightly lower than common bedding and padding group, may be with to have inoculated probio in fermentation bed relevant; But when off-test, the broiler chicken counterpoise of second group, daily gain and the chicken group uniformity are all slightly lower than common bedding and padding group (table 6).Duration of test cuts open inspection to dead naughty chicken, find that dead the washing in a pan in chicken in second group of fermentation bed column home still has a lot of pathologies that occur mycotic infection, explanation may be chick resistance still a little less than, and microorganism species in fermentation bed is more complicated, chick crosses in fermentation bed and raises, and is unfavorable for the embodiment of fermentation bed poultry advantage.But generally, in the time of 17 age in days, use fermentation bed to raise table hens, still can reach and use the common bedding and padding method suitable effect that raises table hens.The average daily gain of the 3rd group and the last counterpoise of examination are all than first group and second group high.
The comparison of table 6 meat chicken production performance
The above embodiment has only expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (8)
1. a method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) brood in the district of brooding;
(2) utilizes the bedding and padding that contain chicken manure as the nutriment bedding and padding that ferment in advance in pre-fermentation zone, pre-fermentation time is 5-7 days, and the bedding and padding after fermenting are in advance made into fermentation bed;
(3), in the time that brood time finishes or finish, use the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed nearly;
The described Yu Yu fermentation zone, district of brooding separates or separates.
2. the method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in brood Yu Yu fermentation zone, district separately, the Yu Yu fermentation zone, district of brooding is not at same hen house.
3. the method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in brood Yu Yu fermentation zone, district at same hen house, the Yu Yu fermentation zone, district of brooding separates by gas impermeable material.
4. the method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described gas impermeable material is plastic film.
5. the method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described brood time finishes or ends up being 17-22 age in days nearly.
6. the method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in contain chicken manure bedding and padding be brood time bedding and padding or the old bedding and padding of fermentation bed.
7. the method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the time of pre-fermentation, to district and the junction peracetic acid disinfectant with pre-fermentation zone thereof of brooding, sterilizes altogether 3 times every other day.
8. the method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the percentage by volume of described peracetic acid disinfectant is 0.1%-0.5%.
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| CN104982346A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-10-21 | 湖南黑马生态技术有限公司 | Fermentation method for chicken manure bedding capable of reducing concentration of ammonia in chicken coop |
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| CN104012470B (en) | 2016-06-08 |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
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Address after: 527400 9 East Causeway North Road, Xinxing County new town, Yunfu, Guangdong Patentee after: Winson food group Limited by Share Ltd Address before: 527400 9 East Causeway North Road, Xinxing County new town, Yunfu, Guangdong Patentee before: Guangdong Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd. |
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| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |