CN104012470B - The method of the flat raising broiler of a kind of fermentation bed - Google Patents

The method of the flat raising broiler of a kind of fermentation bed Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104012470B
CN104012470B CN201410285706.7A CN201410285706A CN104012470B CN 104012470 B CN104012470 B CN 104012470B CN 201410285706 A CN201410285706 A CN 201410285706A CN 104012470 B CN104012470 B CN 104012470B
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fermentation
padding
district
bedding
fermentation bed
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CN104012470A (en
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曹珍
陈�峰
张祥斌
廖新俤
史金才
冯文谦
温文斯
练植婵
廖劲松
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Winson food group Limited by Share Ltd
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Guangdong Wens Foodstuff Group Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The present invention relates to the method for the flat raising broiler of a kind of fermentation bed, comprise the following steps: (1) broods in district of brooding; (2) in pre fermentation district, the bedding and padding containing chicken excrement being carried out pre fermentation, the pre fermentation time is 5-7 days, and the bedding and padding after pre fermentation are made into fermentation bed; (3) the phase of brooding terminate or nearly at the end of, it may also be useful to the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed; Described brood district and pre fermentation are distinguished and are opened or separate. The present invention only needs by improving and the adjustment pre-fermented operation of fermenting bed padding, the management and time, can successfully prevent chicken group's fungal infection, not only save cost, and prevent chicken group's fungal infection effect remarkable, realize pollution-free poultry, there is certain economy, social benefit.

Description

The method of the flat raising broiler of a kind of fermentation bed
Technical field
The present invention relates to foster fowl technical field, particularly the method for the flat raising broiler of a kind of fermentation bed.
Background technology
The development of livestock and poultry breeding industry also brings day by day serious problem of environmental pollution while solving livestock product supply and driving rural economic development. Livestock and poultry breeding industry energy-saving and emission-reduction and environment protection treating are had higher requirement by country's " 12 " environmental protection planning; " fermentation bed " is as the environmental protection technology of country's encourage growth; meet the lasting healthy aquaculture requirement of country; fermentation bed poultry, as breeding way ecological, environment-friendly type, is undoubtedly one of inevitable choice of poultry husbandry Sustainable development.
Although China's fermentation bed poultry technology has obtained some achievements, but owing to the operation physical condition of different areas fermentation bed is different, the information of result and feedback is also all inconsistent, comparability and reference property are poor, this technology popularization still exists a lot of blind spot and weak point, especially in southern area, high temperature, high wet weather, the popularization of fermentation bed poultry technology runs into a lot of problem, and wherein bedding and padding mouldy initiation chicken group's fungal infection is one of problem of often running into of southern area. And cause the major cause of fungal infection, have following some: 1. generally speaking, nutritive substance conventional during fermenting bed padding pre fermentation is Semen Maydis powder or rice bran or wheat bran, and these nutritive substances are entrained in bedding and padding to be beneficial to mould most grow, bedding and padding are easily mouldy, become fungal infection source. 2. thought the microbiological deterioration chicken manure fermenting heat production in fermentation bed always in the past, contributing to the insulation of chick, so just bringing into use deep-litter systems in the phase of brooding, and in fact the resistibility of chick is more weak, and itself is containing a lot of inoculating microbe in fermenting bed padding, chick is easy to be affected. 3. because of place restriction, bedding and padding pre fermentation generally carries out in hen house district of brooding, the inoculating microbe that the dust granules kicked up during mixed even bedding and padding carries is diffused in air, if now coop ventilation is bad, the microbe densities such as mould can be caused giving up in interior unit volume air suddenly increase, thus greatly increase the risk of the raw fungal infection of chicken mass-sending. A lot of area attempts such as Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong etc. using the plant (family) of fermentation bed poultry the problem of large-scale chicken group's fungal infection all occurred when using deep-litter systems to raise chickens, and causes bigger financial loss. Therefore, how fermentation bed poultry process prevent the problem that fungal infection becomes this area and must solve.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, it is necessary to for the problems referred to above, it is provided that the method for the flat raising broiler of a kind of fermentation bed.
For reaching above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed, comprises the following steps:
(1) brood in district of brooding;
(2) utilizing the bedding and padding containing chicken excrement as nutritive substance pre fermentation bedding and padding in pre fermentation district, the pre fermentation time is 5-7 days, and the bedding and padding after pre fermentation are made into fermentation bed;
(3) the phase of brooding terminate or nearly at the end of, it may also be useful to the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed;
Described brood district and pre fermentation are distinguished and are opened or separate.
Preferably, described in brood district and pre fermentation distinguish and open, brood district and pre fermentation district be not at same hen house.
Preferably, described in brood district and pre fermentation district at same hen house, brood district and pre fermentation district is separated by gas impermeable material.
More preferably, described gas impermeable material is plastics film.
Preferably, the phase of brooding described in terminated or nearly terminates as 17-22 age day.
Preferably, the described bedding and padding containing chicken excrement are phase bedding and padding or the old bedding and padding of fermentation bed of brooding.
Preferably, when pre fermentation, every other day to district and the junction peracetic acid disinfectant with pre fermentation district thereof of brooding, sterilize 3 times altogether.
Preferably, the percent by volume of described peracetic acid disinfectant is 0.1%-0.5%.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following useful effect: only need can successfully prevent chicken group's fungal infection by improving and the adjustment pre-fermented operation of fermenting bed padding, the management and time. Add fermenting bed padding pre fermentation in mould inhibitor to bedding and padding mutually than ever, not only save cost, and prevent chicken group's fungal infection effect remarkable, it is achieved pollution-free poultry, has certain economy, social benefit.
Embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, it is described further below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1 test materials and method
1.1 test method
Test site is a hen house of broiler trial field, technique center, adopts gas impermeable material that laterally hen house is divided into 2 hurdles, and every hurdle area is 64.5m2. First group adopts fermentation bed chicken raising method, namely adopts publication number to be that method disclosed in 103416321A makes fermentation bed; 2nd group adopts common bedding and padding chicken raising method, namely not inoculation fermentation bacterial classification, do not carry out pre fermentation, directly bedding and padding are spread after hen house raise chickens. Bedding and padding are by sawdust and rice husk 3:2 composition by volume.
The pre fermentation of 1.2 fermentation beds
The present embodiment starts pre fermentation when chick age on the 12nd in house, when chick age on the 17th, brings into use fermentation bed. The nutritive substance of Semen Maydis powder as microorganism is with the addition of during pre fermentation. Because of place restriction, bedding and padding pre fermentation district does not isolate in district with brooding. The bacterial classification used in the present embodiment is with bacillus laterosporus bacterium (Brevibacilluslaterosporu) purchased from Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, numbering CICC21185. Described bacillus laterosporus makes bacillus laterosporus preparation after cultivating, and every gram of bacillus laterosporus preparation contains bacillus laterosporus 1 �� 1011More than cfu, inoculum size is 10g/m3. First bacterial classification is activated with a small amount of clear water, after with clear water dilution, become bacterial classification diluent. By bedding and padding with brood chicken excrement by volume 4:1 mix even, period sprays bacterial classification diluent in bedding and padding, airborne dust during for preventing mixed even bedding and padding, while mix the bacterium liquid that dilution is sprayed on even bedding and padding limit, bedding and padding moisture is regulated to be about 40%-50%, rear mixed even bedding and padding heap fermentation, pile height as far as possible, highly it is greater than 1m.
The laying of 1.3 fermentation beds and daily administration
By bedding and padding good for pre fermentation and new bedding and padding by volume 1:1 lay after mixing to, in hen house, bedding and padding thickness is 10-20cm, when spreading out bedding and padding, hen house as far as possible more ventilates. Fermentation bed is raising as far as possible in broiler chicken process ventilation to discharge moisture and ammonia more; Within every 14 days, turn over rake once (can manually turn over rake or semi-automatic machine for turning up the soil and harrowing turn over rake); Control bedding and padding water ratio, between 20-40%, is done and airborne dust if finding that bedding and padding are crossed, and needs to spray in time clear water on bedding and padding top layer; Each moon supplements a bacterial classification, and mending bacterium amount is the 50% of former inoculum size, is 5g/m3��
1.4 experimental animals and raising
The yellow cock 1440 (being purchased from the bamboo branch office of Guangdong limited-liability company of Wen Shi food group) of the short pin in healthy age on the 1st is selected in test, is divided into 2 groups according to weight, principle that quantity is consistent, and often organizing chicken number is 720. Between trial period, broiler chicken free choice feeding, drinking-water, normal immunological.
1.5 testing index
According to Guangdong Province provincial standard DB44/T169-2003 yellow-feathered broiler production performance measuring method, the daily ingestion amount on the every hurdle of accurate recording, dead wash in a pan number, dead washing in a pan heavy, wrong differentiate that quantity etc. is to calculate the indexs such as total augment weight, average daily gain, daily ingestion amount, surviving rate, death rate and feedstuff-meat ratio.
Average daily gain (ADG)=weightening finish/(test number of days �� test broiler chicken number);
Average daily ingestion amount (ADFI)=feed consumption rate/(test number of days �� test broiler chicken only counts);
Feedstuff-meat ratio (F/R)=average daily ingestion amount (ADFI)/average daily gain (ADG).
The measuring method of chicken group's uniformity coefficient is first weighed greatly draw the mean body weight of each group of chicken to often organizing chicken group, after extract the 15% of chicken group's sum immediately, carry out individuality to weigh, record the weight of every chicken, next marks the weight range measuring group's mean body weight �� 10%, then by dropping on the chicken number in above-mentioned scope in only statistical survey group, divided by the chicken quantity measuring chicken group, being multiplied by 100% again, the numerical value drawn is the uniformity coefficient of this chicken group.
Mould in air adopts tradition viable bacteria counting method height salt czapek's solution method. In bedding and padding, yeast and mold detection method is according to GB/T4789.15-2003 microbiological test of food hygiene-mould, yeast counting standard. In bedding and padding, the detection method of genus bacillus is with reference to the monitoring standard of subtilis in GB/T26428-2010 microorganism fodder preparation.
1.6 data analysis
Test gained data adopt Excel2010 to carry out adding up, analyze and map.
2 results and analysis
2.1 on the impact of first batch of flat raising broiler production performance
Fermentation bed is put down foster broiler chicken and when chick age on the 17th, fungal infection is occurred and death occur. When broiler chicken is delivered for sale (age on the 64th), the surviving rate of the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed is only 90.1%, and the surviving rate of common bedding and padding group broiler chicken is 98.1%. But through ventilation in time, sterilization and chemoprophylaxis and treatment, at the end of test, this group broiler chicken be all heavily 1.65kg/ only, 10g/ slightly heavier than the broiler chicken (1.64kg/ is only) that common bedding and padding group is raised is only, but the feedstuff-meat ratio of two groups of broiler chicken close with uniformity coefficient (table 1), illustrates that the measures such as the sterilization taked and pharmacological agent have certain effect.
The common bedding and padding of table 1 and fermentation bed process raise the production performance contrast of broiler chicken
2.2 first batches of flat raising broilers give up the mould quantity in interior air and bedding and padding
As shown in Table 2, the mould quantity outside giving up, in passageway is significantly lower than the fungi count in fermentation bed hen house; But fermentation bed hen house (2.71 �� 104cfu/m3) and common bedding and padding hen house (2.02 �� 104cfu/m3) the equal difference of fungi count in air is little; Reason may be ventilate in house in time after the raw fungal infection of the mass-sending of the chicken in test, reduce the fungi count in air in fermentation bed hen house, now measure in the house of fungi count in house when can not represent morbidity (broiler chicken 12-17 age day) mould quantity in air in (chick age on the 20th). So continuing again to be detected (table 3) by the fungi count in feed, bedding and padding, result shows that feed does not go mouldy, and the fungi count (1.20 �� 10 in fermenting bed padding6Cfu/g) than common bedding and padding (1.87 �� 105Cfu/g) about exceed 6 times, illustrate that in fermenting bed padding, fungi count is too much the major cause causing chicken group's fungal infection.
Analyze the major cause of the flat raising broiler generation fungal infection of fermentation bed: during chick age on the 12nd in insulation house pre fermentation bedding and padding, the dust that mixed even bedding and padding are kicked up carries mould, it is diffused in air, and due to rainfall continuously during this period, temperature is low, humidity is big, improper ventilation, adds the mould quantity in unit volume air in house; In addition, broiler chicken is slightly coughed, and resistibility is more weak, finally causes this group chicken fungal infection serious, causes death (chick age on the 17th).
Every cubic metre of fungi count (cfu/m in air in table 2 first batch of broiler chicken when age on the 20th (chick) house3)
Note: in table, data are mean value.
The mould of when age on the 20th (chick) and genus bacillus number (cfu/g) in table 3 first batch of bedding and padding
Note: in table, data are mean value; Described probiotic bacterium is genus bacillus and yeast.
2.3 the 2nd batches of flat raising broilers give up the mould quantity in interior air and bedding and padding
According to first batch raise result carried out the 2nd batch of test, when bedding and padding pre fermentation by pre fermentation district with brood separate from. When ambient moisture is bigger, it is necessary to ventilate in time, arrange moisture and change fresh air and reduce pernicious bacteria quantity in house; And just use fermentation bed after end of brooding.
After first batch of broiler chicken is delivered for sale, continue to use the fermenting bed padding that fungal infection occurred, add bacterial classification, moisture, after mixed even, be deposited in the fermentation of hen house side, wait that raising the 2nd batch of broiler chicken uses. The fungi count in She Nei and bedding and padding is have detected when pre fermentation bedding and padding. As shown in Table 4, in common bedding and padding and fermentation bed hen house, the fungi count difference in air is little, but in house, the fungi count in air is higher than corridor, detects the fungi count (1.89 �� 10 in bedding and padding simultaneously5Cfu/g) higher than the fungi count in air 100 times, but lower than the fungi count (table 4) in fermentation bed in first batch of test, with the fungi count (1.87 �� 10 in common bedding and padding in first batch of test5Cfu/g) suitable, illustrate that the bedding and padding piling up side fermentation are not when stirring, the mould in it can not be diffused in hen house; Fungi count in the bedding and padding of fermentation is between 104-105Between cfu/g, belong in the normal value of environmental microorganism. In order to but avoid chick that fungal infection occurs again, so chick be incubated during still with film by completely isolated to bedding and padding and chick, contactless, until end of brooding (age on the 22nd) start to contact bedding and padding, it may also be useful to fermentation bed raising.
Table 4 the 2nd batch of broiler chicken is brooded the phase fungi count in (chick age on the 17th) hen house, corridor, air and bedding and padding
Note: in table, data are mean value; Described probiotic bacterium is genus bacillus and yeast.
2.4 on the impact of the 2nd batch of flat raising broiler production performance
As shown in table 5, employing high temperature stacking fermentation reuses all heavy (1.72kg/ is only) of the 2nd batch of broiler chicken occurring the fermenting bed padding of fungal infection to raise than common bedding and padding method (1.65kg/ is only) high 70g, and the feedstuff-meat ratio of fermentation bed broiler chicken is also lower than common bedding and padding method, chicken group's uniformity coefficient is also higher than common bedding and padding method; But the surviving rate (97.1%) of the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed is a little less than common bedding and padding method (98.3%). In general, the production performance of the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed is better than common bedding and padding method.
The common bedding and padding of table 5 and fermentation bed process raise the production performance contrast of broiler chicken
According to the inventive method, district will be brooded and pre fermentation district isolates, it is possible to avoid the flat raising broiler of fermenting bed padding to cause fungal infection again, and this test also confirms that the bedding and padding after there is fungal infection are through thermophilic fermentation, can continue to raise broiler chicken, but also the production performance raising broiler chicken can be improved.
Embodiment 2
1.1 test design
The present embodiment compares common bedding and padding method and the effect of the different days use fermentation flat raising broiler of bed process. Test is divided into 3 groups, often organizes 2 repetitions, namely often organizes 2 column homes, and the area of every column home is 50m2, reference weight, the principle that quantity is consistent, every hurdle enters young 522 of the yellow cock of short pin in healthy age on the 1st. First group adopts common bedding and padding method to raise broiler chicken, and the 2nd group adopts the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed adding the bacillus laterosporus described in embodiment 1, start with the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed age on the 17th; 3rd group adopts the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed adding the bacillus laterosporus described in embodiment 1, starts with the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed age on the 22nd.
1.2 fermentation beds raise the daily administration of broiler chicken
The pre fermentation of fermenting bed padding adopts plastics film to isolate with reference to operation of the present invention, the fermentation zone of bedding and padding and the district of brooding of chick. Breeding cycle is similarly 63 days, and wherein the daily administration of the pre fermentation of bedding and padding, bedding and padding, the feeding and management of broiler chicken etc. are all identical with the raising of the in example 1 the 2nd batch of broiler chicken.
1.3 results and analysis
At the end of test, the feedstuff-meat ratio of the 2nd group is slightly lower than common bedding and padding group, it is possible to be vaccinated with probiotic bacterium in fermentation bed relevant; But at the end of test, the broiler chicken of the 2nd group is all heavy, day weight gain and chicken group's uniformity coefficient be all slightly lower than common bedding and padding group (table 6). Between trial period, dead naughty chicken is cutd open inspection, dead the washing in a pan in chicken found in the 2nd group of fermentation bed column home still has pathology fungal infection much occurred, explanation may be that chick resistibility is still more weak, and microorganism species in fermentation bed is more complicated, chick crosses to be raised in fermentation bed, is unfavorable for the embodiment of fermentation bed poultry advantage. But generally, use when age on the 17th fermentation bed to raise broiler chicken, still can reach and use common bedding and padding method to raise the suitable effect of broiler chicken. The average daily gain of the 3rd group and examination end are all heavy all than first group with the 2nd group high.
Table 6 meat chicken production performance compares
The above embodiment only have expressed several enforcement modes of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to patent scope of the present invention. , it is also possible to make some distortion and improvement, it should be appreciated that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise these all belong to protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.

Claims (7)

1. the method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed, it is characterised in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) brood in district of brooding;
(2) utilize the bedding and padding containing chicken excrement as nutritive substance pre fermentation bedding and padding in pre fermentation district, chick starts pre fermentation during age on the 12nd in house, and the pre fermentation time is 5-7 days, and the bedding and padding after pre fermentation are made into fermentation bed;
(3) the phase of brooding terminate or nearly at the end of, it may also be useful to the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed; The described phase of brooding terminates or terminates as 17-22 age day nearly;
Described brood district and pre fermentation are distinguished and are opened or separate.
2. the method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, described in brood district and pre fermentation distinguish and open, brood district and pre fermentation district be not at same hen house.
3. the method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, described in brood district and pre fermentation district at same hen house, brood district and pre fermentation district is separated by gas impermeable material.
4. the method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed according to claim 3, it is characterised in that, described gas impermeable material is plastics film.
5. the method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the described bedding and padding containing chicken excrement are phase bedding and padding or the old bedding and padding of fermentation bed of brooding.
6. the method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, when pre fermentation, every other day to district and the junction peracetic acid disinfectant with pre fermentation district thereof of brooding, sterilize 3 times altogether.
7. the method for the flat raising broiler of fermentation bed according to claim 6, it is characterised in that, the percent by volume of described peracetic acid disinfectant is 0.1%-0.5%.
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CN104982346B (en) * 2015-08-04 2020-10-20 湖南黑马生态技术有限公司 Chicken manure padding fermentation method capable of reducing ammonia concentration in chicken coop

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Address after: 527400 9 East Causeway North Road, Xinxing County new town, Yunfu, Guangdong

Patentee after: Winson food group Limited by Share Ltd

Address before: 527400 9 East Causeway North Road, Xinxing County new town, Yunfu, Guangdong

Patentee before: Guangdong Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd.