200427403 (1) 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於飼養家畜之畜舍地板及家畜之飼養方法 ’尤關於於養豬場分解處理大量之排泄物，再將此再生利 用爲豬之飼料時飼養家畜之畜舍地板及家畜之飼養方法。 【先前技術】200427403 (1) 发明 Description of the invention [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a floor of a livestock house for raising livestock and a method for raising livestock ', and more particularly, to decomposing and processing a large amount of excrement in a pig farm, and then recycling this When feeding pigs, the floor of the barn for raising livestock and the method of raising livestock. [Prior art]
一般於大型之家畜飼養場，如養豬場最大的問題係產 生大量排泄物之處理，排泄物之惡臭或大量廢棄物成爲嚴 重之環境問題。以往爲解決此類問題，建議於畜舍之混凝 土地板係於木屑或稻殻舖滿發酵菌與米糠混合之混合物之 地板結構。此種地板結構之目的在於藉由發酵菌分解處理 豬的排泄物，可抑制惡臭並將排泄物再利用爲堆肥肥料。Generally, in large livestock farms, the biggest problem in pig farms is the disposal of a large amount of excreta. The foul smell of excreta or a large amount of waste has become a serious environmental problem. In order to solve such problems in the past, it has been suggested that the floor slabs in the barn should be a floor structure with wood chips or rice husks covered with a mixture of fermentation bacteria and rice bran. The purpose of this floor structure is to treat pig excrement by decomposing fermentative bacteria, which can suppress malodor and reuse excrement as compost fertilizer.
但於該以往之地板結構，於木屑或稻殻僅堆積混合發 酵菌，因於其上飼養豬，自豬排泄大量之糞尿之木屑或稻 殼若帶有過量之濕氣使發酵菌無法充分作用’惡臭無法排 除盡淨。又已發酵分解之糞尿爲作爲堆肥而留下’此若大 量貯存亦造成新的環境問題。 本發明之目的爲提供能解決此類問題點之飼養家畜之 畜舍地板及家畜之飼養方法。 【發明內容】 〔發明之揭示〕 本發明者們用以解決該課題銳意檢討之結果’找出將 (2) (2)200427403 烏龍茶渣混合有機性纖維材料之舖料得抑制惡臭，完成本 發明。 即，有關本發明之飼養家畜之畜舍地板，其特徵爲於 地板面設置用以舖設排氣管之溝部，於此溝內配管設有複 數噴出空氣用小孔之排氣管，並於該地板面上舖滿由被吸 附嗜氧性微生物之有機性纖維材料所成之舖料，該舖料係 含烏龍茶渣者。 有關本發明之飼養家畜之畜舍地板，其中該微生物於 嗜氧性條件下分解家畜之排泄物含至少細菌、霉菌之一種 及乳酸菌。 有關本發明之飼養家畜之畜舍地板，其中爲該細菌係 噬細胞菌屬（Cytophaga )，該霉菌係綠皮毛黴菌屬（ Trichoderma )，該乳酸菌係至少爲鏈菌屬 （ Streptococcus)及乳桿菌屬（Lactobachillus)之一者。 有關本發明之飼養家畜之畜舍地板，其中該有機性纖 維材料係含有木屑粉、馬鈴薯皮、稻殼、天然紙漿再生品 之一者。 有關本發明之家畜之飼養方法，其特徵爲配管於地板 面之排氣管供應空氣，自設於該排氣管之複數小孔噴出空 氣’於該地板面上舖滿由有機性纖維材料所成之舖料內維 持嗜氧性環境及適於嗜氧發酵之含水狀態，經由吸附於該 有機性纖維材料之嗜氧性之該微生物之作用將排泄於此有 機性纖維材料之家畜之排泄物分解，且該舖料係含烏龍茶 渣者。 -6 - 200427403 有關本發明之家畜之飼養方法，其中該家畜之排泄物 被分解後用過之舖料藉由酵母菌使其發酵，將此舖料作爲 家畜之飼料。 有關本發明之家畜之飼養方法，其中該酵母菌係酵母 菌屬（Saccharomyces )者 ° 若根據有關本發明之飼養家畜之畜舍地板及家畜之飼 養方法，因抑制家畜排泄物之惡臭，並將用過之舖料爲飼 料化有效利用，得進行無廢棄物之飼養家畜。 〔用以實施發明之形態〕 爲進一步詳細說明本發明，根據所附圖式詳細說明有 關本發明之飼養家畜之畜舍地板及家畜之飼養方法之實施 型態。實施型態係說明豬之飼養，第1圖係表示豬之畜舍 之槪略圖。第2圖係畜舍地板之剖面結構圖。第3圖係詳 細表示排氣管配管結構之剖面圖。 該第1圖至第3圖所示之豬之畜舍1之地板面2係混 凝土加工，於此混凝土地板面2之全體配管排氣管3。此 排氣管3係由沿混凝土地板面2之周緣部經配管之外圍管 3 a，與以每預定間隔連繫此外圍管3 a左右側之連接管3 b 所構成。且外圍管3 a之一端被接合於設置於畜舍1之外 部之送風單元（blower unit) 4，係通過排氣管3均勻地 送風至混凝土地板2全體之結構。該排氣管3係經過全體 配管以20〜30cm (公分）間隔所開設空氣噴出用之小孔 6，自該送風單元4被壓送之空氣自此小孔6 —齊噴出。 (4) (4)200427403 小孔6之直徑約2 mm (公厘）程度爲宜。因若太小有噴 出量不足之慮’若太大恐有產生被舖設於其上之舖料7之 氣孔堵塞之慮。小孔6之方向如第3圖所示於斜向上方交 錯設置，因空氣易遍及，且難產生氣孔堵塞故適宜。 如第2圖及第3圖所示，該排氣管3係被配管於凹設 於混凝土地板面2之溝部5內，係考量爲不突出於混凝土 地板面2。於第1圖之畜舍1之四周係利用鐵柵1 1被間 隔之通路1 2沿周壁1 3設立，於鐵柵1 1之內側設置飼料 箱14。 於被配管於該排氣管3之混凝土地板面2上堆積舖料 7。此舖料7係由有機性纖維材料所成者，得例示木屑（ 木屑粉）或、稻殻、稻桿、枯草、馬鈴薯等薯類的皮等之 天然材料、或天然紙漿之再生品。此係於天然紙漿混合高 嶺土材（黏著材）或煤鈣等壓縮，將此形成薄片狀者，得 經由毛細管現象吸收水分固定於纖維內。此紙漿之再生品 使用市售品〔商品名：AbsobentGP: Absorption Corp公 司（美國）製〕。此可單獨使用亦可混合使用。本發明之 舖料7再混合烏龍茶渣。此烏龍茶渣係使用熱水萃取烏龍 茶之壓榨渣。若利用茶飮料製造後之廢棄物，以期有效利 用產業廢棄物。烏龍茶渣得於濕潤狀態使用亦可使用乾燥 者’因該壓榨物可於濕潤狀態下原樣使用，故不須設置特 別之處理步驟。若將烏龍茶渣長期保存時按實際需要事先 乾燥，得使其需要時使用。混合烏龍茶渣後之舖料7之水 分’爲使下記微生物有效作用之範圍，如水分5 0〜6 0 % ( (5) (5)200427403 百分比）程度爲宜。 被配管於該排氣管3之溝部5之周圍舖滿粒子尺寸之 木屑1 〇等，係考量到不致堵塞開設於排氣管3之小孔6 。舖料7層之厚度以15〜20 cm程度爲宜。舖料7可形成 一層’亦可爲於混凝土地板面2上直接舖設之基層8，與 舖設於基層8上之作用層9之二層結構。此時，基層8以 大粒子構成，其上之作用層9比基層8小之粒子所構成， 自排氣管3噴出之空氣於作用層9亦可有效作用所構成爲 宜。基層8及作用層9之厚度皆爲約10cm程度。 該舖料7吸附嗜氧性之微生物。本發明中使舖料7發 酵之微生物’於嗜氧性條件下，分解含用過之舖料7之家 畜排泄物易消化之細菌、及霉菌之一者，與將被分解之糖 變成酸之乳酸菌等。家畜排泄物之主要成分爲纖維素，將 此於嗜氧性微生物之作用分解成糖，得再生成醇或有機酸 、酯生產容易消化之飼料。又，用過之舖料7所含之惡臭 物質主要爲氨，經由乳酸菌生產之乳酸將此中和，變成無 臭之乳酸銨，得抑制惡臭。於本發明因如後述用過之舖料 7再利用爲發酵飼料，乳酸菌具有整腸作用或抑制病原之 效果之點也實屬重要。 該細菌使用隨細胞菌屬（C y t 〇 p h a g a )、嗜芽胞菌屬 (Sporocytophaga)、假單胞菌屬（Pseudomonas)、芽 胞桿菌屬（Bacillus)、單胞菌屬（Cellulomonas)、鏈 黴菌屬（Streptomyces)、小單胞菌屬（Micromonospora )、鏈胞子管菌屬（Streptosporangium) 、土壤絲菌屬（ (6) (6)200427403However, in this conventional floor structure, only the mixed fermentation bacteria are accumulated on the wood chips or rice husks. Because the pigs are raised there, a large amount of manure and wood chips or rice husks are excreted from the pigs. 'The stench cannot be ruled out. The fermented and decomposed feces and urine are left as compost, and if they are stored in large quantities, they also cause new environmental problems. An object of the present invention is to provide a floor of a barn for raising livestock and a method for raising livestock which can solve such problems. [Disclosure of the invention] [Disclosure of the invention] The results of the intensive review by the inventors to solve this problem 'find out (2) (2) 200427403 Oolong tea residue mixed with organic fiber materials to suppress the malodor, complete the present invention . That is, the floor of a livestock house for raising livestock according to the present invention is characterized in that a groove portion for laying an exhaust pipe is provided on the floor surface, and a plurality of exhaust pipes with small holes for ejecting air are provided in the groove. The floor is covered with a material made of organic fibrous material adsorbed by aerobic microorganisms, the material containing oolong tea residue. In the floor of a barn for raising livestock according to the present invention, the microorganism decomposes the excrement of the livestock under an aerobic condition containing at least one of bacteria, mold and lactic acid bacteria. The floor of the barn for raising livestock according to the present invention comprises the bacterial line Cytophaga, the mold line Trichoderma, and the lactic acid line at least Streptococcus and Lactobacillus (Lactobachillus). In the floor of a barn for raising livestock according to the present invention, the organic fiber material includes one of wood flour, potato skin, rice husk, and recycled natural pulp. The livestock raising method of the present invention is characterized in that an exhaust pipe provided on a floor surface is supplied with air, and air is ejected from a plurality of small holes provided in the exhaust pipe, and the floor surface is covered with an organic fiber material. The finished fabric maintains an anaerobic environment and an aqueous state suitable for anaerobic fermentation, and is excreted in the excreta of livestock of the organic fiber material through the action of the microorganism that adsorbs the oxygen of the organic fiber material. Decomposed and the material is oolong tea residue. -6-200427403 The breeding method for livestock of the present invention, wherein the excrement of the livestock is decomposed, and the used material is fermented by yeast, and the animal feed is used as the animal feed. The method for raising livestock according to the present invention, wherein the yeast is Saccharomyces. If the floor of the house for raising livestock and the method for raising livestock according to the present invention suppress the malodor of livestock excrement, The used paving material is effectively used for feed, and livestock can be raised without waste. [Forms for Carrying Out the Invention] In order to further explain the present invention, detailed descriptions will be made in accordance with the drawings of the present invention regarding the implementation mode of the house floor for raising livestock and the method for raising livestock. The implementation type is used to describe the raising of pigs. Figure 1 shows the outline of a pig's house. Figure 2 is a sectional structural diagram of the floor of a barn. Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing the structure of the exhaust pipe in detail. The floor surface 2 of the pig house 1 shown in Figs. 1 to 3 is processed by concrete, and the exhaust pipe 3 is piping all over the concrete floor surface 2. This exhaust pipe 3 is constituted by peripheral pipes 3 a that are piped along the peripheral edge portion of the concrete floor surface 2 and connecting pipes 3 b that connect the left and right sides of the peripheral pipe 3 a at predetermined intervals. Moreover, one end of the peripheral pipe 3a is joined to a blower unit 4 provided outside the barn 1 and has a structure in which air is uniformly sent to the entire concrete floor 2 through the exhaust pipe 3. The exhaust pipe 3 passes through the entire piping at small holes 6 for air ejection at intervals of 20 to 30 cm (centimeters), and the air compressed by the air supply unit 4 is ejected from the small holes 6 together. (4) (4) 200427403 The diameter of the small hole 6 is about 2 mm (mm). If it is too small, there may be a concern that the ejection amount is insufficient. If it is too large, there is a concern that the air holes of the paving material 7 laid thereon will be blocked. As shown in Fig. 3, the direction of the small holes 6 is staggered and arranged in an obliquely upward direction. The air is easy to penetrate and it is difficult to cause clogging of air holes. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the exhaust pipe 3 is piped in the groove portion 5 recessed in the concrete floor surface 2, and is considered not to protrude from the concrete floor surface 2. Around the barn 1 in the first figure, a partitioned passageway 12 is set up along the peripheral wall 13 using an iron fence 11 and a feed box 14 is provided inside the iron fence 11 1. The paving material 7 is deposited on the concrete floor surface 2 of the exhaust pipe 3 to be piped. This paving material 7 is made of an organic fiber material, and is exemplified by natural materials such as wood chips (sawdust flour), potato husks, rice stalks, hay, potato skins such as potatoes, or regenerated products of natural pulp. This is a natural pulp mixed with kaolin material (adhesive material) or coal calcium, etc., and this is formed into a thin sheet, which must absorb the moisture through the capillary phenomenon and fix it in the fiber. A commercially available product [trade name: AbsobentGP: manufactured by Absorption Corp (USA)] was used as a recycled product of this pulp. This can be used alone or in combination. The shop 7 of the present invention is further mixed with oolong tea residue. This oolong tea residue uses hot water to extract the pressed residue of oolong tea. If you use the waste from the tea plant, it is expected to effectively use industrial waste. Oolong tea residue can be used in a wet state, or it can be used as a dryer 'Since the pressed product can be used as it is in a wet state, no special processing step is required. If the oolong tea residue is stored for a long time, it should be dried beforehand according to actual needs, so that it can be used when needed. The water content of the shop material 7 after mixing the oolong tea residue is a range for effective action of the microorganisms described below, such as a moisture content of 50 to 60% ((5) (5) 200427403 percentage) is appropriate. The pipe surrounding the groove 5 of the exhaust pipe 3 is covered with particle-sized wood chips 10, etc., taking into consideration that the small holes 6 opened in the exhaust pipe 3 are not blocked. The thickness of the 7 layers of paving is preferably about 15-20 cm. The paving material 7 can form a first layer 'or a two-layer structure of the base layer 8 directly laid on the concrete floor surface 2 and the active layer 9 laid on the base layer 8. At this time, the base layer 8 is composed of large particles, and the active layer 9 thereon is smaller than the base layer 8. The air ejected from the exhaust pipe 3 may be configured to effectively act on the active layer 9. Both the base layer 8 and the active layer 9 have a thickness of about 10 cm. The pavement 7 adsorbs aerobic microorganisms. In the present invention, the microorganisms that ferment the material 7 are decomposed in aerobic conditions to decompose one of the easily digestible bacteria and molds of livestock excrement of the material 7 and to convert the decomposed sugar into an acid Lactic acid bacteria and so on. The main component of livestock excrement is cellulose, which can be decomposed into sugar by the action of aerobic microorganisms to produce alcohol or organic acids and esters to produce easily digestible feed. In addition, the malodorous substance contained in the used paving material 7 is mainly ammonia, which is neutralized by lactic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria to become odorless ammonium lactate, thereby suppressing malodor. In the present invention, because the used paving material 7 is reused as a fermented feed as described later, the point that the lactic acid bacteria have an intestinal rectifying effect or an effect of suppressing pathogens is also important. This bacterium uses Cytophaga, Sporocytophaga, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Streptomyces Streptomyces), Micromonospora, Streptosporangium, Soil Mycelia ((6) (6) 200427403
Nocardia)等纖維素分解細菌。 該霉菌以綠皮毛黴菌（Tricho derma viride )、青黴 菌（Penicillium pusilllum )、大圓麴菌（A s p e r g i 11 u s tereus)、黑麴菌（Aspergillus niger)、擔子菌（ Basidionycetes ) 、 霜金 芽胞菌 (Chrysosporium pruinosum)等因Cl—活性高，可有效分解纖維素。 該乳酸菌使用乳酸菌屬之嗜酸乳桿菌（Lactobacillus acidophilus)、短乳桿菌（Lactobacillus brevis)、布國 乳桿菌（Lactobacillus bulgaricus )、乾酪乳桿菌（ Lactobacillus casei)、酒学 L 桿菌（Lactobacillus sake) 、開菲圓酵母菌（Lactobacillus kefir )、乳酸乳桿菌（ Lactobacillus lactis )等、鏈球菌屬之嗜熱性鏈球菌（ Streptococcus thermophilus )、糞鏈球菌(Streptococcus faecalis)、诞鍵球菌（Streptococcus salivarius)、牛鍵 球菌(Streptococcus bovis)等。 此類微生物之添加量，按照舖料7之材料或狀態適當 選擇。將此類微生物吸附於舖料7之方法，得舉出將該微 生物調製作如i〇9_1G個/nil (毫升）程度之懸濁液，將此 自舖料7之上散佈於每舖料7約l〇kg (公斤）100ml程度 之方法。可散佈該3種之微生物混合者，亦可將各自之微 生物個別稀釋散佈。 如此構成之畜舍1 ’經由送風單元4被壓送至排氣管 3之空氣，遍及外圍管3a及連接管3b之各個角落，自以 2 0〜3 0 mm間隔所設之所有小孔6噴出。如上所述，排氣 •10- (7) 200427403 管3之小孔6係於斜向上方交錯設置，因該 大小之木屑1 0之包圍，小孔6不會堵塞， 入於舖料7內。舖料7之整體保持嗜氧性環 料7之微生物之作用趨活躍。如此嗜氧性環 豬時’自豬所排泄之糞尿，經由活躍之微生 被分解，生成有機酸類、醇、酯、碳酸氣體 物因近於無臭，即使堆積於舖料7不會產生 或有機酸類、酯等亦原樣再利用作爲容易消 如以往，舖料7之內部若爲不佳環境微 活躍，因分解無法充分進行而生成氨、胺、 惡臭。 接著說明再將用過之舖料7回收作爲飼 上所述，用過之舖料7含有之排泄物被分解 酸類、酯等，因容易消化，得原樣作爲豬之 售之摻合飼料混合等作爲飼料，所得之飼料 道，故不適合作爲飼料。因此，隔數月或飼 ’將用過之舖料7累積於畜舍1之一處，； 投入適當簡易之攪拌機，於此散佈酵母菌之 母菌促進生物之發酵，因以附與香味爲目的 用具有方香性之酵母菌屬（Saccharomyces 菌屬（Schizosaccharomycess )及串狀酵母 中所含之許多酵母菌。如可選擇啤 Saccharomyces cere visiae ) 、壁室 Saccharomyces chambardi )、騎士 酵母( 周圍利用粒子 空氣可完全注 境，吸附於舖 境持續中飼養 物作用有效地 等。此類生成 惡臭。又，醇 化之飼料。 生物之作用不 硫等，致產生 料之方法。如 生成醇或有機 飼料，或與市 因幾乎不具味 養之豬出貨時 捋此累積物1 5 稀釋液。此酵 地散佈，可利 )、裂殖酵母 屬（Torula) 酒酵母菌 （ 酵母菌 （ Saccharomyces -11 - 200427403Nocardia) and other cellulolytic bacteria. The mold includes Tricho derma viride, Penicillium pusilllum, Aspergi 11 us tereus, Aspergillus niger, Basidionycetes, Chrysosporium Pruinosum) can effectively decompose cellulose due to its high Cl-activity. The lactic acid bacteria use Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus sake Lactobacillus kefir, Lactobacillus lactis, etc., Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus salivarius (Streptococcus bovis) and so on. The amount of such microorganisms to be added is appropriately selected according to the material or state of the paving material 7. A method for adsorbing such microorganisms on the spreading material 7 is to prepare a suspension solution such as i0_9_1G / nil (ml) of the microorganisms, and spread this self-spreading material 7 on each spreading material 7 About 10kg (kg) method of 100ml. Those who mix the three kinds of microorganisms can also be dispersed and dispersed individually. The animal house 1 'thus configured is pressure-fed to the exhaust pipe 3 through the air supply unit 4, and all corners of the peripheral pipe 3a and the connecting pipe 3b are opened, and all the small holes 6 provided at intervals of 20 to 30 mm ejection. As mentioned above, the exhaust gas • 10- (7) 200427403 The small holes 6 of the pipe 3 are staggered and arranged diagonally upwards. Because the wood chips of this size are surrounded by 10, the small holes 6 will not be blocked and will enter the paving material 7. . The microorganisms of the pavement 7 as a whole maintain the role of the microorganisms of the aerobic ring 7 and become active. In such an anaerobic ring pig, the feces and urine excreted from the pigs are decomposed through active microbiotics, and organic acids, alcohols, esters, and carbonic acid gas are nearly odorless, even if they are deposited on the paving 7 or organic. Acids, esters, and the like are reused as they are. As usual, if the interior of the paving material 7 is slightly active due to an unfavorable environment, ammonia, amines, and malodor are generated due to insufficient decomposition. Next, it is explained that the used paving material 7 is recovered as feed. The excreta contained in the used paving material 7 is decomposed into acids, esters, etc., because it is easy to digest, it can be used as a mixed feed for pigs. As feed, the obtained feed is unsuitable as feed. Therefore, every few months or feeding, the used material 7 will be accumulated in one of the barn 1; Put in a suitable and simple mixer, and spread the yeast's mother bacteria to promote the fermentation of the organism. Objective To use Saccharomyces genus (Schizosaccharomycess) and many yeasts contained in string yeast. For example, Saccharomyces cere visiae can be selected, Saccharomyces chambardi, cavalier's yeast (using particles around The air can be completely injected into the environment, and the effect of the feed is effectively absorbed when the environment is maintained. This type produces malodor. Also, alcoholized feed. Biological effects do not sulfur, etc., the method of producing materials. Such as alcohol or organic feed, Or the 15-diluted solution of this accumulation when shipped with pigs with little taste in the city. This fermented field is spread, can be benefited), Torula wine yeast (Saccharomyces -11-200427403
chevalieri)、雙胞酵母菌（Saccharomyces disporus)、 優美酵母菌（Saccharomyces elegans)、球串狀酵母菌（chevalieri), Saccharomyces disporus, Saccharomyces elegans, bulbous yeast (
Torula globosa )等。 於該累積物1 5吸附該酵母菌，將此充分攪拌使其發 酵得附加香味。適當的發酵溫度及發酵時間，因依使用微 生物而不同得適當選擇使用過之舖料7發酵。如若用啤酒 酵母菌時，於20〜3 5°C使其發酵24〜48小時可製得。爲 促進發酵可於該酵母添加糖類亦可再追加乳酸菌。 發酵味因可引起豬之食慾，將此發酵飼料混合於摻合 飼料等，放入置於畜舍1周圍之飼料箱1 4餵食豬。豬之 排泄物若如上所述被分解則與構成舖料7之材料無所區別 ’故利用堆土機等共同堆積舖料7。去除用過之舖料7之 混凝土地板面2之上舖設新的舖料7，自其上重新散佈該 3種類之微生物使其吸附。將此反覆，如此得不排出大量 之排泄物以飼養豬。 又，如上之說明係說明混合3種類之微生物使其吸附 於舖料7飼養豬之情況，但可不用同時使用該3種類之微 生物。該3種類之微生物之外，亦可一倂吸附該酵母菌以 促進發酵。該實施型態雖對於豬之飼養加以說明，當然本 發明亦適用於牛或馬、羊等豬以外之家畜。 【實施方式】 以下列舉實施例進一步詳細說明本發明，本發明非限 定於此類實施例之範圍。 -12- (9) 200427403 (實施例1 )Torula globosa). The yeast is adsorbed on the accumulated matter 15 and this is sufficiently stirred to ferment to give an additional flavor. Appropriate fermentation temperature and fermentation time are different depending on the microorganisms used. Proper selection of used materials 7 fermentation is appropriate. If beer yeast is used, it can be prepared by fermentation at 20 ~ 35 ° C for 24 ~ 48 hours. To promote fermentation, sugars may be added to the yeast, or lactic acid bacteria may be added. Fermented taste may cause appetite of pigs. This fermented feed is mixed with blended feed, etc., and placed in a feed box 14 placed around the barn 1 to feed the pigs. If the excrement of pigs is decomposed as described above, it is indistinguishable from the material constituting the paving material 7 '. Therefore, the paving material 7 is piled up together by using a composter or the like. A new paving material 7 is laid on the concrete floor surface 2 from which the used paving material 7 is removed, and the three kinds of microorganisms are redistributed therefrom for adsorption. Repeat this so that a large amount of fecal matter is not excreted to feed the pigs. In addition, the above description is a case where three types of microorganisms are mixed and adsorbed on the feed 7 to raise pigs, but the three types of microorganisms may not be used at the same time. In addition to the three types of microorganisms, the yeast can also be adsorbed to promote fermentation. Although this embodiment is described for raising pigs, it goes without saying that the present invention is also applicable to livestock other than pigs such as cattle, horses, and sheep. [Embodiments] The following examples further illustrate the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the scope of such embodiments. -12- (9) 200427403 (Example 1)
在間隔2 0 m2之長方形混凝土地板面上，將木屑粉與 濕的烏龍茶渣以7:3之比例混合，將噬細胞菌（ Cytophaga )(約 101G個/ml )、及綠皮毛黴菌（ Trichoderma viride )、布國乳桿菌（Lactobacillus b u 1 g a 1： i c u s )(約1 0 1G個/ m 1 )之懸濁液爲微生物，使用於 此每舖料約1 〇 k g之舖料7各自散佈1 〇 〇 m 1程度之舖料7 製作之畜舍地板，飼養體重30〜35kg之豬14頭。爲觀察 除臭效果，於本實施例所用之木屑粉，係對未使用木屑粉 4程度，將具有惡臭用過之木屑粉6程度之比例混合者， 飼料使用市售摻合飼料（商品名：W iη Υ肉豬M、日本農 產工業（股）製）。 (比較例1 )On a rectangular concrete floor spaced at 20 m2, mix wood dust powder and wet oolong tea residue at a ratio of 7: 3 to mix Cytophaga (about 101G / ml) and Trichoderma viride ). The suspension of Lactobacillus bu 1 ga 1: icus (approximately 101 g / m 1) is a microorganism, and each of the spreads of about 10 kg of spread 7 used here are spread 1 〇 〇m 1 degree of paving 7 The floor of the barn made of 14 pigs weighing 30 ~ 35kg. In order to observe the deodorizing effect, the sawdust powder used in the present embodiment is a mixture of 4 degrees of unused sawdust powder and 6 degrees of used sawdust powder with malodor, and a commercially available blended feed (trade name: W iη Υ hog M, Japan's agricultural industry (stock) system). (Comparative Example 1)
除同於該實施例1使用僅混合用過木屑粉之木屑粉’ 此使用散佈同於實施例1之微生物之舖料7以外’其餘同 於實施例1飼養豬1 4頭。 (比較例2 ) 除不散佈微生物’且使用僅由新品之木屑粉所成之舖 料7以外，其餘同於實施例1飼養豬1 4頭。 〔惡臭物質之測定〕 測定於該實施例1及比較例1、2之用過之舖料7中 -13- (10) (10)200427403 之惡臭物質。自於各例所用之畜舍地板各自四角落及中央 部合計5處各自採樣每30g (公克）共150g之用過之舖 料7，放入接合加蓋軟管之容量約5 00ml之軟質塑膠製瓶 內。各例每3根準備1瓶。封閉該軟管密封，於2 5 °C放 置2小時後，將該軟管接合北川式檢測管，測定氨、胺類 等各惡臭物質。又，測定係自飼養開始後第8天至5 8天 止之間進行7次。其測定結果之氨示於第4圖、胺類示於 第5圖。實施例1及比較例1所用之木屑粉，係如前述實 驗開始時含用過者，檢測出20ppm (百萬分率Parts per million)程度之氨。 於實施例1之抑制惡臭效果迅速顯出，且實驗期間之 效果亦維持。於使用混合微生物之舖料7之比較例1雖抑 制惡臭，但於使用混合烏龍茶渣之舖料7之實施例1得抑 制惡臭於較低値。又，於比較例2因使用新品之木屑粉， 雖經由新品木屑粉本身原本具有之除臭效果起初之中之惡 臭少，但測定期間之後半期惡臭卻急速增加。 (實施例2 ) 於實施例2，使用如下製作將發酵飼料2 0重量份與 該摻合飼料8 0重量份混合製作之飼料（稱成2 〇 %混合飼 料），使用同於實施例1之畜舍地板，飼養體重3 0〜 35kg之豬14頭12 1天。 〔發酵飼料之製作〕 -14- (11) (11)200427403 於該實施例結束飼養之豬出貨後，累積舖料7，且將 酵母囷（酵母菌屬（Saccharomyces)之懸濁液（約108 個/mi )及乳酸菌（約1〇ι〇個/ml )各自散佈每舖料約 l〇〇ml後，用攪拌機混合。爲促進酵母菌之發酵，加入舖 料7之3 % (重量比）之葡萄糖，視其發酵情況使其於3 5 °(：左右發酵。將發酵之用過舖料7所含之水分調整至與摻 合飼料相同程度之1 1〜1 2 % (重量比）。 (實施例3 ) 除使用該發酵飼料4 0重量份與該摻合飼料6 0重量份 混合之飼料（稱成4 0 %混合飼料）以外，其餘同實施例2 飼養豬1 4頭。 (參考例1 ) 除僅使用該摻合飼料以外，其餘同該實施例2養豬 14頭。 〔豬糞中惡臭物質之測定〕 實施例2、3及參考例1飼養豬之中，回收各例每3 頭之糞，測定該舖料7中之惡臭物質之測定’同樣使用檢 測管測定氨、胺、硫化氫之量。測定係飼養開始第5 0天 起每3天進行5次，求出各例之平均値。其結果示於第6 圖。自其結果得知用含發酵飼料飼養之豬，較之僅用摻合 飼料飼養之豬其糞中之惡臭物質少。 -15- (12) (12)200427403 〔豬之體重增加量〕 歷時性測定於實施例2、3及參考例1飼養之豬之體 重’調查其增加傾向。各例之値係於各例飼養之豬i 4頭 之平均値。其結果示於第7圖，自其結果得知即使使用加 入發酵飼料之混合飼料，豬之體重增加與摻合飼料相同。 〔豬之攝食量〕 歷時性測定於實施例2、3及參考例1飼養之豬之攝 食量，調查其增加傾向。各例之値係於各例飼養之豬14 頭於測定日1天所攝食飼料之總重量。其結果示於第8圖 ’自其結果得知即使使用加入發酵飼料之混合飼料，豬之 攝食量幾乎無差。 〔飼料需要率〕 飼料需求率係使豬體重增加1 kg所需之飼料量。算出 於實施例2、3及參考例1飼養之豬之飼料需求量。各例 之値係於各例飼養豬1 4頭之平均値。其結果示於第9圖 ，自其結果得知即使使用加入發酵飼料之混合飼料，飼料 需求量之變動圖形幾乎相同。 (實施例4 ) 將木屑粉與濕的烏龍茶渣以1 : 1之比例混合，使用 於此將黑麴菌（Asperigllus niger)(約10lQ個/ml)及糞 -16- (13) (13)200427403 鏈球菌（Streptococcus faecalis )(約 1 0 1 〇 個 /m 1 )各懸 濁液各自散佈每舖料約1 〇kg之舖料7，飼養體重3 0〜 3 5 kg之豬1 4頭1 1 9天。飼料使用含發酵飼料3 5 %之混合 飼料。同於該實施例1測定用過之舖料7之氨濃度。飼養 期間之热？辰度維持於5 p p m程度以下之低値。 (實施例5 ) 將木屑粉與濕的烏龍氽澄以1 : 2之比例混合，使用 於此散佈同於實施例4之微生物之舖料7，飼養體重3 0〜 3 5 kg之豬1 4頭U 9天。飼料使用同於實施例4之含3 5 % 之混合飼料。同於該實施例1測定用過之舖料7之氨濃度 。飼養期間之氨濃度維持於5 ppm程度以下之低値。 (實施例6 ) 將馬§·ρ馨皮與濕的烏龍茶渣以1 : 2之比例混合，使 用於此散佈同於實施例4之微生物之舖料7，飼養體重3 〇 〜3 5 kg之豬1 4頭1 1 9天。飼料使用同於實施例4之3 5 % 混合飼料。同於實施例4測定用過之舖料7之氨濃度。飼 養期間之氨濃度維持於5 p p m程度以下之低値。 〔已出貨豬之等級〕 出貨使用實施例4〜6之3 5 %混合飼料所飼養之豬， 接受由社團法人日本食肉格付協會之等級之評價。等級之 評價係經由瘦肥度、緊緻度、肉肌理、色澤、脂肪色、脂 -17- (14) (14)200427403 肪質等之基準，區分爲上、中、平、下等。其結果係上爲 1 0%、中爲5 1 %、平爲1 9%，下等無。根據山梨縣食肉流 通中心之資料，已出貨之豬全體之平均性等級之比例係上 爲3 0 %、中爲40%、平爲20%，下寺爲1 0 %左右，中以上 爲7 0 %程度。若與此資料較之，於實施例4所飼養之豬因 中以上爲80%，且下等爲0，故可多得較之該平均質之肉 質佳之豬。 〔產業上之可利用性〕 如上之說明，若根據有關本發明之飼養家畜之畜舍地 板及家畜之飼養方法，藉由使用混合烏龍茶之舖料7之畜 舍地板，可得防止惡臭之效果。又，藉由使用用混合烏龍 茶之舖料7之發酵再利用製作之發酵飼料飼養家畜’不僅 可得防止惡臭之效果，家畜之育成較之以往亦無劣化，且 得飼養肉質佳之家畜。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係表示有關本發明畜舍之槪略圖。 第2圖係畜舍地板之剖面結構圖。 第3圖係排氣管之配管結構之詳細圖。 第4圖係表示於實施例1及比較例1、2之舖料之氨 濃度之歷時變化之圖表。 第5圖係表示於實施例1及比較例1、2之舖料之胺 類濃度之歷時變化之圖表。 -18- (15) (15)200427403 第6圖係表示於實施例2、3及參考例1之每舖料之 糞之惡臭程度之圖表。 第7圖係表示於實施例2、3及參考例1之每舖料之 飼料與豬之成長之關係之圖表。 第8圖係表示於實施例2、3及參考例1之每舖料之 豬之攝食量之圖表。 第9圖係表示於實施例2、3及參考例1之每舖料之 飼料需求率之圖表。 〔圖號說明〕 1 :畜舍 2 :混凝土地板面 3 :排氣管 3 a :外圍管 3 b :連接管 4 :送風單元 5 :溝部 6 :小孔 7 :舖料 ‘ 8 :基層 9 :作用層 1 〇 :木屑 1 1 :鐵柵 1 2 :通路 -19- 200427403 (16) 13 :周壁 1 4 :飼料箱 1 5 =累積物The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the sawdust powder mixed with the used sawdust powder was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the spreading of the microorganism-containing spread material 7 of Example 1 was used. (Comparative Example 2) The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that pigs 14 were fed except that microorganisms were not spread and the spreading sheet 7 made of only new wood chips was used. [Measurement of malodorous substance] The malodorous substance of -13- (10) (10) 200427403 in the used paving material 7 of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was measured. From each of the four corners and the central part of the barn floor used in each case, a total of 150 g of used material 7 per 30 g (g) was sampled, and put into a soft plastic with a capacity of about 5,000 ml joined to a capped hose. Inside the bottle. One bottle was prepared for every 3 cases in each case. The tube was sealed, and after being left at 25 ° C for 2 hours, the tube was connected to a Beichuan-type test tube to measure each malodorous substance such as ammonia and amines. The measurement was performed 7 times from the 8th day to the 58th day after the start of breeding. The results of the measurement are shown in FIG. 4 and the amines are shown in FIG. 5. The wood dust powder used in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 contained ammonia used at the beginning of the aforementioned experiment and detected about 20 ppm (Parts per million) of ammonia. The odor-controlling effect in Example 1 was quickly exhibited, and the effect was maintained during the experiment. Although Comparative Example 1 using the spreading material 7 of the mixed microorganisms suppresses malodor, Example 1 using the spreading material 7 of the mixed oolong tea residue suppresses malodors to a relatively low level. Further, in Comparative Example 2, since the new wood chip powder was used, the malodor was initially reduced by the deodorizing effect originally provided by the new wood chip powder, but the malodor increased rapidly during the second half of the measurement period. (Example 2) In Example 2, a feed prepared by mixing 20 parts by weight of fermented feed with 80 parts by weight of the blended feed (referred to as a 20% mixed feed) was used, and the same as in Example 1 was used. On the floor of the barn, 14 pigs weighing 30 to 35 kg were raised for 12 days. [Production of Fermented Feed] -14- (11) (11) 200427403 After the pigs raised at the end of this example were shipped, the accumulating material 7 was accumulated, and the yeast suspension (Saccharomyces suspension (about 108 / mi) and lactic acid bacteria (approximately 100 / ml), each spread about 100ml per material, and then mixed with a mixer. To promote the fermentation of yeast, add 3% (weight ratio of material 7) ), Depending on the fermentation conditions, it is fermented at 3 5 ° (: about. Fermentation. Adjust the moisture contained in the fermented used spread 7 to 1 1 ~ 1 2% (weight ratio) the same as the blended feed) (Example 3) Except that 40 parts by weight of the fermented feed was mixed with 60 parts by weight of the blended feed (called 40% mixed feed), the rest were the same as those used in Example 2 to raise 14 pigs. Reference Example 1) 14 pigs were raised in the same manner as in Example 2 except that only the blended feed was used. [Determination of malodorous substances in pig manure] Among the pigs raised in Examples 2, 3 and Reference Example 1, each case was recovered. For every 3 heads of feces, measure the odorous substance in the spread 7 '. Also use a test tube to measure the amount of ammonia, amine, and hydrogen sulfide. The measurement was performed 5 times every 3 days from the 50th day of breeding, and the average slug of each case was obtained. The results are shown in Fig. 6. From the results, it was found that pigs fed with fermented feed were used instead of using only pigs. Pigs fed with mixed feed have less malodorous substances in their manure. -15- (12) (12) 200427403 [Pig weight gain] The weight of pigs fed in Examples 2, 3 and Reference Example 1 was measured over time. Investigate its increasing tendency. The maggots in each case are the average maggots of 4 pigs raised in each case. The results are shown in Fig. 7. From the results, it is understood that even when a mixed feed with fermented feed is used, the weight gain of The mixed feed was the same. [Pig intake] The feed intake of the pigs raised in Examples 2, 3 and Reference Example 1 was measured over time, and the increase tendency was investigated. The case of each case was based on 14 pigs raised in each case. The total weight of the feed ingested on the day of measurement. The results are shown in Figure 8 '. From the results, it is known that even if a mixed feed with fermented feed is used, the pig's food intake is almost the same. [Feed demand rate] Feed demand rate The amount of feed required to increase pig weight by 1 kg. Calculated on implementation Feed requirements for pigs reared in 2, 3 and Reference Example 1. The scales of each case are based on the average size of 1 to 4 pigs reared in each case. The results are shown in Figure 9 and the results show that even when fermented feed is used, (Mixed feed), the change pattern of feed demand is almost the same. (Example 4) The wood powder and wet oolong tea residue are mixed at a ratio of 1: 1, and Asperigllus niger (about 10 lQ pieces / ml) and feces-16- (13) (13) 200427403 Streptococcus faecalis (approximately 10 10 pieces / m 1) each suspension was spread with about 10 kg of each piece of material 7 and reared Pigs weighing 30 to 3 5 kg 1 4 1 1 9 days. The feed uses a mixed feed containing 35% of fermented feed. The ammonia concentration of the used paving material 7 was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Heat during breeding? The degree of chan is kept below 5 p p m. (Example 5) The wood chip powder and wet oolong Chengcheng were mixed in a ratio of 1: 2, and this was used to spread the spreading material 7 of the microorganisms of Example 4 to feed pigs 1 to 3 to 5 kg in weight. 4 heads for 9 days. The feed used was the same as in Example 4 with a mixed feed containing 35%. The ammonia concentration of the used paving material 7 was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The ammonia concentration during the rearing period was kept below 5 ppm. (Example 6) Horse § · ρ Xinpi and wet oolong tea residue were mixed at a ratio of 1: 1, and the spreading material 7 of the microorganisms of Example 4 was used here, and the breeding weight was 30-35 kg. Pigs 1 4 1 1 9 days. The feed was the same as that used in Example 4-35% mixed feed. The ammonia concentration of the used paving material 7 was measured in the same manner as in Example 4. The ammonia concentration during the feeding period was kept below 5 p p m. [Levels of Pigs Shipped] Pigs reared using 35% of the mixed feeds of Examples 4 to 6 were shipped and were evaluated by the Japan Meat Meat Pay Association. The evaluation of the grade is based on leanness, firmness, meat texture, color, fat color, fat -17- (14) (14) 200427403, etc., and it is divided into upper, middle, flat, and lower. The results are 10% for upper, 51% for medium, 19% for flat, and none for lower. According to the Yamanashi Prefectural Meat Distribution Center, the average sex ratio of all pigs shipped was 30% above, 40% at middle, 20% at level, 10% at Shimoji, and 7 at above 0% degree. If compared with this data, the pigs raised in Example 4 had more than 80% of the pigs, and the lower pigs were 0, so more pigs with better meat quality than the average pigs were obtained. [Industrial Applicability] As described above, according to the livestock house floor and livestock raising method of the present invention, the effect of preventing malodor can be obtained by using the animal house floor of the oolong tea spread 7 . In addition, the use of fermented feed produced by fermenting and reusing the mixed oolong tea paving material 7 for raising livestock 'not only prevents the stench, but also does not deteriorate the breeding of livestock as compared with the past, and raises livestock of good meat quality. [Brief description of the drawings] FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the barn of the present invention. Figure 2 is a sectional structural diagram of the floor of a barn. Figure 3 is a detailed view of the piping structure of the exhaust pipe. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the change over time of the ammonia concentration in the pavement of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Fig. 5 is a graph showing the change over time of the amine concentration in the paving materials of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. -18- (15) (15) 200427403 Fig. 6 is a graph showing the degree of malodor of each dung in each of Examples 2 and 3 and Reference Example 1. Fig. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the feed per paving and the growth of pigs in Examples 2, 3 and Reference Example 1. Fig. 8 is a graph showing the food intake of pigs per paving in Examples 2, 3 and Reference Example 1. Fig. 9 is a graph showing the feed demand rate per feed in Examples 2, 3 and Reference Example 1. [Illustration of drawing number] 1: animal house 2: concrete floor 3: exhaust pipe 3 a: peripheral pipe 3 b: connecting pipe 4: air supply unit 5: groove 6: small hole 7: paving material '8: base layer 9: Action layer 1 〇: Wood chips 1 1: Iron grid 1 2: Passage-19- 200427403 (16) 13: Peripheral wall 1 4: Feed box 1 5 = Accumulation