JP2005065543A - Livestock-rearing floor and method for rearing livestock - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively decompose livestock excrements excreted on a rearing floor to prevent the production of a stink and further effectively use the decomposed excrements as a smelling feed. <P>SOLUTION: This rearing floor is characterized by disposing grooves 5 for laying air pipes 3 on a concrete floor surface 2, laying the air pipes 3 each having small holes formed to blow out air in the grooves 5, and spreading over a bedding material 7 comprising an organic fibrous material having aerobic microorganisms including a citric acid fermentation microorganism adsorbed thereto on the concrete floor surface 2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a livestock breeding floor and a livestock breeding method, and in particular, a livestock breeding floor and a livestock breeding suitable for decomposing a large amount of excrement in a livestock farm and further reusing it as livestock feed. Regarding the method.

In general, the biggest problem in large-scale livestock breeding farms, for example, pig farms, is the disposal of excrement that appears in large quantities, and the bad smell and mass disposal of excrement are major environmental problems. Conventionally, in order to solve this kind of problem, as shown in Patent Document 1, a mixture of fermented bacteria and rice bran mixed with sawdust (rice flour) or rice husk was spread on the concrete floor of a pig house. A floor structure was proposed. Such a floor structure is intended to decompose pig excrement by fermenting bacteria to suppress malodor and to reuse the excrement as compost fertilizer.
JP-A-8-9813

  However, in the conventional floor structure described above, fermented bacteria are simply mixed and accumulated on sawdust and rice husk, and the pigs are raised on it, so that sawdust and rice husks are produced by manure excreted in large quantities from the pig. If it becomes excessively humid and an anaerobic atmosphere, the fermenting bacteria do not work sufficiently and the bad odor cannot be eliminated. In addition, since the fermented and decomposed manure remains as compost, if it is stored in a large amount, it may cause new environmental problems.

  The first object of the present invention is to provide a breeding floor in which the excrement of livestock is sufficiently decomposed and malodor can be suppressed. The second object of the present invention is to provide a breeding method in which the decomposed excrement is regenerated as livestock feed, not as compost fertilizer.

  As a result of diligent research to solve the above problems, the present inventors have sufficiently supplied air from an air pipe to a breeding floor laid with a bedding made of an organic material, and among fermenting bacteria, particularly citrate-fermenting bacteria The present inventors have found that it is possible to effectively suppress malodors by containing the lacquer in the bedding. Furthermore, it discovered that it was made to reproduce | regenerate as useful feed by making yeast act on the decomposition product of excrement, and it came to this invention.

  That is, the breeding floor for livestock according to the present invention is provided with a groove portion for laying an air pipe on the floor surface, piping an air pipe provided with a plurality of small holes for air blowing in the groove, and A bedding made of an organic fiber material adsorbed with aerobic microorganisms is spread on the floor, and citrate-fermenting bacteria are included as the microorganisms.

  The breeding floor according to the present invention is characterized by using black koji mold or white koji mold as the citric acid fermenting bacteria.

  Furthermore, as the Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus saitoi, Aspergillus usamii is preferable as the Aspergillus awamori, and Aspergillus awa Are preferably used.

  Moreover, the breeding floor for livestock according to the present invention is characterized in that the organic fiber material includes any one of sawdust, potato skin, rice husk, and recycled natural pulp.

  Further, in the method of raising livestock according to the present invention, air is supplied to an air pipe provided on the floor surface, air is blown out from a plurality of small holes provided in the air pipe, and the air pipe is spread on the floor surface. The bedding made of an organic fiber material is maintained in an aerobic atmosphere and a water-containing state suitable for aerobic fermentation, and on the organic fiber material by the action of the aerobic microorganisms adsorbed on the organic fiber material. The excreta of excreted livestock is decomposed, and the microorganism contains citrate-fermenting bacteria.

  Furthermore, the livestock breeding method of the present invention is characterized in that the used litter after the livestock excrement is decomposed is fermented with yeast, and this litter is used as livestock feed.

  The method for raising livestock according to the present invention is characterized in that the yeast is Saccharomyces.

  According to the livestock breeding floor and the livestock breeding method according to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the foul odor of livestock excrement and to effectively use the used litter as feed. It can be performed.

  In order to describe the present invention in more detail, embodiments of a livestock breeding floor and a livestock breeding method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the embodiment, pig breeding is described, and FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a pig breeding house. 2 is a sectional view showing the structure of the breeding floor, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the piping structure of the air pipe in detail.

  The floor 2 of the pig breeding house 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 has a concrete finish, and an air pipe 3 is provided on the entire concrete floor 2. This air pipe 3 is comprised by the outer periphery pipe 3a piped along the peripheral part of the concrete floor 2, and the connection pipe 3b which connects the right-and-left side of this outer periphery pipe 3a for every predetermined space | interval. And one end of the outer periphery pipe 3a is connected to the blower unit 4 installed outside the breeding house 1, and has a structure in which the entire concrete floor 2 is blown through the air pipe 3. Further, the air pipe 3 is provided with small holes 6 for blowing air at intervals of 20 to 30 cm over the entire pipe, and the air pressure-fed from the blower unit 4 is blown out simultaneously from the small holes 6. The diameter of the small hole 6 is about 2 mm. This is because if the amount is too small, the amount of blowout may be insufficient, and if the amount is too large, clogging may be caused by the bedding 7 laid thereon. The orientation of the small holes 6 is preferably provided in an obliquely upward direction as shown in FIG. 3 because air easily spreads and clogging is unlikely to occur.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the air pipe 3 is provided in a groove portion 5 provided in the concrete floor 2 so as not to protrude on the concrete floor 2. In FIG. 1, a passage 12 partitioned by an iron fence 11 is provided around the breeding house 1 along the peripheral wall 13, and a bait box 14 is placed inside the iron measure 11.

  A bedding 7 is laminated on the concrete floor 2 on which the air pipe 3 is provided. This bedding 7 is made of an organic fiber material, and examples thereof include natural materials such as sawdust, rice hulls, rice straw, hay, and potato skins such as potatoes, and recycled natural pulp. This is a natural pulp mixed with kaolin material (adhesive material), lime calcium, etc., compressed and formed into flakes, which can absorb moisture and be fixed inside the fiber by capillary action. A commercially available product can be used as a recycled product of this pulp [trade name: Absorbent-GP: Absorption Corporation. (Made in USA). These may be used alone or in combination.

  Ojiron tea bowl may be further mixed into the above-mentioned writing material 7, thereby further improving the deodorizing effect. This oolong teacup uses a press cake after hot water extraction of oolong tea leaves. If the waste after the production of tea beverage is used, industrial waste can be effectively used. The oolong teacup may be used in a damp state or may be used in a damp state, and the pressed product can be used in a damp state, so that no special processing step is required. When it is desired to store oolong teacups for a long period of time, it can be dried as necessary so that it can be used as needed. It is preferable that the moisture of the bedding 7 after mixing the oolong teacup is within a range where the following microorganisms work effectively, for example, about 50 to 60%.

  The small holes 6 opened in the air pipe 3 are not blocked by laying a large particle of sawdust 10 or the like around the groove portion 5 where the air pipe 3 is provided. The layer thickness of the bedding 7 is preferably about 15 to 20 cm. The bedding 7 may be formed as a single layer, or may have a two-layer structure of a base layer 8 directly laid on the concrete floor 2 and an action layer 9 laid on the base layer 8. In that case, the base layer 8 is composed of large particles, and the working layer 9 on the base layer 8 is composed of particles smaller than the base layer 8 so that the air blown out from the air pipe 3 also acts effectively on the working layer 9. It is preferable. Both the base layer 8 and the working layer 9 have a thickness of about 10 cm.

  Aerobic microorganisms are adsorbed on the bedding 7, and citric acid fermentation bacteria are contained therein. As the citric acid-fermenting bacterium, Aspergillus spp. Examples of the black mold include Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus saitoi, Aspergillus usamii, and Aspergillus sp. These are used in the production of shochu and the like, and have high safety. As seed seeds, Awamori black koji mold (manufactured by Bioc Co., Ltd.) and the like containing Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus cytoii are preferably used.

These citrate-fermenting bacteria are preferably added to the litter after pre-culturing the seed meal. In pre-culture, rice bran, potato waste (skin, etc.), sawdust, barley and the like can be used as the medium.

  In addition to the citrate-fermenting bacteria, the bedding 7 may contain at least one of bacteria and fungi having a cellulose resolving capacity under aerobic conditions. The main component of livestock excreta is cellulose, which can be decomposed into sugar by the action of aerobic microorganisms, and can produce easily digestible feed by producing alcohol, organic acid and ester.

  Moreover, although the malodorous substance contained in the used litter 7 is mainly ammonia, it is neutralized by citric acid produced by the citrate-fermenting fungus and becomes odorless ammonium citrate, thereby suppressing malodor. it can.

  Examples of the bacterium include Cytophaga, Sporocytophaga, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Streptomyces, Micromona, Micromona, Micromona, Cellulolytic bacteria such as Streptosporangium, Nocardia, and Cellulomonas flavigena are used.

  Examples of the mold include Trichoderma viride, Penicillium pusillum, Aspergillus terius, Aspergillus terisio, and Aspergillus terisio. Chrysosporium prinosum) and the like have high C1-activity and are therefore effective for cellulose degradation. Aspergillus niger belongs to the aforementioned black koji mold and white koji mold, but Aspergillus niger has a cellulose-decomposable species but does not ferment with citric acid. Even a species having only cellulose resolving ability is useful in that it can play a supporting role in decomposing cellulose.

  Furthermore, the bedding 7 may contain lactic acid bacteria. Examples of lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus bacilli, Lactobacillus casei Lactobacillus sake, Lactobacillus kefir, Lactobacillus lactis, and the like, Streptococcus thermophilus (Streptococcus thermos) -Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus salvarius, Streptococcus bovis, etc. are used.

  In the present invention, since the used litter 7 is reused as a fermented feed as described later, lactic acid bacteria are also useful in that they have an effect of regulating the intestinal function and pathogenic bacteria.

The addition amount of these microorganisms is appropriately selected according to the material and state of the bedding 7. As a method for adsorbing these microorganisms on the litter 7, a method is prepared in which a suspension containing about 10 ⁸ to 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml of the above-mentioned microorganisms is prepared and sprayed on the litter 7. Can be mentioned. Several mixed microorganisms may be sprayed, or each microorganism may be diluted separately and sprayed.

  In the breeding house 1 configured as described above, the air pumped to the air pipe 3 by the blower unit 4 reaches all corners of the outer peripheral pipe 3a and the connecting pipe 3b, and all the small pipes provided at intervals of 20 to 30 mm. Blow out from hole 6. As described above, the small holes 6 of the air pipe 3 are alternately provided obliquely upward, and the periphery thereof is surrounded by the powder 10 having large particles, so that the small holes 6 are not clogged, and the inside of the litter 7 Air is blown in enough. The inside of the bedding 7 is kept in a water-containing state suitable for aerobic fermentation of microorganisms such as citrate-fermenting bacteria, and at the same time, the entire bedding 7 is kept in an aerobic atmosphere, and the microorganisms adsorbed on the bedding 7 Becomes active. When pigs are raised in such an aerobic atmosphere, excreta excreted from the pigs is effectively decomposed by active microorganisms, and organic acids such as citric acid, alcohols, esters, Generates carbon dioxide and the like. Since these products are almost odorless, no odor is generated even if they are deposited on the bedding 7. Alcohols, organic acids, esters and the like can be reused as they are as digestible feeds.

  In addition, when the inside of the bedding 7 becomes an anaerobic atmosphere and the action of microorganisms becomes inactive as in the conventional case, the decomposition is not sufficiently performed, so ammonia, amines, mercaptans, etc. are generated and a bad odor is generated. Will do.

  Next, a method for recycling the used litter 7 as feed will be described. As described above, since the excrement contained in the used litter 7 is decomposed to produce alcohol, organic acids, esters, etc., and is easy to digest, it can be fed directly to pigs as a feed, or a commercially available mixed feed It can be used as a feed by mixing with it, but it is not attractive as a feed because it is odorless. Therefore, every few months or when shipping the reared pigs, the spent litter 7 is accumulated in the corner of the breeding house 1, and this accumulated product 15 is appropriately put into a simple mixer, to which the citric acid-fermenting bacteria and / Or spray with yeast. This yeast is sprinkled for the purpose of promoting the fermentation of the product and adding aroma, and is included in the genus Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces and Torula Many yeasts can be used. For example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Saccharomyces Kanbaruji (Saccharomyces chambardi), Saccharomyces Sebarieri (Saccharomyces chevalieri), Saccharomyces Disuporusu (Saccharomyces disporus), Saccharomyces Elegance (Saccharomyces elegans), Torla-Gurobosa (Torula globosa), etc. Can be selected. In addition, it is desirable to sterilize the aggregate 15 before spraying citric acid fermentation bacteria and yeast. For example, steam sterilization is sufficient.

  An aroma can be added by adsorbing the yeast to the accumulation 15 and stirring it well for fermentation. The suitable fermentation temperature and fermentation time vary depending on the microorganism used, so that it is appropriately selected to ferment the used litter 7. For example, when Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used, it is obtained by fermentation at 20 to 35 ° C. for about 24 to 48 hours. In addition to the yeast, saccharides may be added to promote fermentation, and citric acid fermentation bacteria and lactic acid bacteria may be added.

  Since the fermented odor arouses the appetite of pigs, this fermented feed is mixed with blended feed and the like, and is put in a feed box 14 placed around the breeding house 1 and given to the pigs. If pig excreta is decomposed as described above, it becomes indistinguishable from the material constituting the litter 7, and is therefore accumulated together with the litter 7 by a bulldozer or the like. A new bedding 7 is laid on the concrete floor 2 from which the used bedding 7 has been removed, and the microorganisms are newly sprayed and adsorbed thereon. By repeating this, pigs can be raised without producing a large amount of excrement as in the past.

  In addition to the above citric acid fermenting bacteria, the above yeasts may be adsorbed together to promote fermentation. In the above embodiment, pig breeding has been described, but it goes without saying that the present invention can also be applied to livestock other than pigs such as cows, horses, and sheep.

  The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of these examples.

(Example 1)
About 200 kg of bedding mixed with sawdust and wet oolong tea bowl in a mixing ratio of 2: 1 and 200 g of black koji mold (Awamori Kuro-Koji: manufactured by Bioc Co., Ltd.) mixed with 4 kg of rice koji and pre-cultured for 10 days (black) The number of Aspergillus cells was about 10 ⁸ cells / g), and was laid on a rectangular concrete floor divided into about 6.8 m ² to make a breeding floor. There were introduced 4 pigs weighing 30-35 kg. As the feed, a commercially available mixed feed (trade name: Winnie Meat Pig M, manufactured by Nippon Agricultural Industry Co., Ltd.) was used.

[Measurement of malodorous substances]
In Example 1, the amount of malodorous substance in the bedding 7 was measured. 200 g was collected from each of the four corners and the central part of the breeding floor and mixed together. 200 g of each was collected and placed in three soft plastic bottles each having a capacity of about 500 ml. A soft tube is connected to the lid of the tube. The tube is closed and sealed, and left at 25 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, the tube is connected to a Kitagawa type detector tube, and the ammonia concentration is measured. .

  The measurement was performed on the 7th, 14th and 21st days after the start of breeding. The ammonia concentration on the 7th day after the start of the breeding was about 0.5 ppm, and the odor intensity was such that humans could discern what kind of odor, but ammonia was not detected after the 14th day after the breeding, There was no odor.

  According to the livestock breeding floor and the livestock breeding method of the present invention, it is possible to effectively prevent malodor even when raising a large amount of livestock. Moreover, since the used litter can be converted into feed and used effectively, livestock can be raised without producing waste.

It is the schematic of the breeding house using the breeding floor which concerns on this invention. It is a sectional structure figure of a breeding floor. It is detail drawing of the piping structure of an air pipe.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Breeding house 2 Concrete floor 3 Air pipe 4 Blower unit 5 Groove part 6 Small hole 7 Bedding 8 Base layer 9 Working layer

Claims (9)

A groove portion for laying an air pipe is provided on the floor surface, and an air pipe having a plurality of small holes for air blowing is provided in the groove, and aerobic microorganisms are adsorbed on the floor surface. A breeding floor for livestock, wherein a bedding made of an organic fiber material is spread, and the microorganism contains a citrate-fermenting bacterium. The livestock breeding floor according to claim 1, wherein the citric acid fermenting bacterium is a black koji mold or a white koji mold. The black gonococcus is any one of Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus saitoi, Aspergillus usamii, and the white bacterium is Aspergillus sp. Livestock breeding floor as described. The livestock breeding floor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the microorganism includes at least one of bacteria and fungi that degrade livestock excrement under aerobic conditions. The domestic animal breeding floor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the organic fiber material includes any one of sawdust, potato skin, rice husk, and natural pulp regenerated product. Air is supplied to an air pipe piped on the floor, air is blown out from a plurality of small holes provided in the air pipe, and the inside of the litter made of an organic fiber material laid on the floor is aerobic Maintaining the atmosphere and the water content suitable for aerobic fermentation, the excrement of livestock excreted on the organic fiber material is decomposed by the action of aerobic microorganisms adsorbed on the organic fiber material And a method of raising livestock characterized in that the microorganism contains a citrate-fermenting bacterium. 7. The used litter after the livestock excrement has been decomposed is fermented with at least one of citrate-fermenting bacteria and yeast, and the litter is used as livestock feed. How to raise domestic animals. The method for raising livestock according to claim 7, wherein the citrate-fermenting bacterium is black koji mold or white koji mold. The method for raising livestock according to claim 7, wherein the yeast is Saccharomyces.

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