JP2004121118A - Method for producing cattle roughage using woody material as raw material - Google Patents

Method for producing cattle roughage using woody material as raw material Download PDF

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JP2004121118A
JP2004121118A JP2002291109A JP2002291109A JP2004121118A JP 2004121118 A JP2004121118 A JP 2004121118A JP 2002291109 A JP2002291109 A JP 2002291109A JP 2002291109 A JP2002291109 A JP 2002291109A JP 2004121118 A JP2004121118 A JP 2004121118A
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roughage
test
livestock
steaming
wood
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JP4353686B2 (en
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Akira Kono
河野  彬
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KYUSHU SANGYO KK
Japan Science and Technology Agency
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KYUSHU SANGYO KK
Japan Science and Technology Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing cattle roughage intended for developing stock raising through finding a new roughage raw material for cattle such as cow in the country and producing highly safe roughage from the roughage raw material to stably supply to stock raising farmers. <P>SOLUTION: The method for producing the cattle roughage comprises steaming a chip raw material obtained from wood under a pressurized condition and mashing the steamed product thus obtained to make it fibrous. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、木材から家畜粗飼料を製造する方法に関し、更に詳細には、杉間伐材等の木材を皮つきのままチップ化し、これを蒸煮、擂り潰すことにより牛等の家畜の嗜好に適する形状の木質系家畜粗飼料の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、水稲栽培収穫に自脱型コンバインを導入にした結果、稲藁は砕かれてそのまま鋤込まれたり焼却されている。このため、稲藁の牛の粗飼料としての利用量が激減し、牛飼育農家では、畦畔草、自家栽培飼料作物では足りず、カナダ・米国のアルファルファー等の高級牧干草等をはじめ、中国・豪州から野干草、麦桿、オーツヘイの輸入をしているというのが現在の我が国の粗飼料需要状況である。
【0003】
しかしながら、海外より飼料を輸入する場合は、これに伴なう家畜に対する病原性微生物の持ち込みが懸念されており、例えば、平成12年我が国に93年ぶりに発生した口蹄疫のウイルスは中国から侵入したと目され、口蹄疫汚染国から輸入している麦藁・野干草が原因とされている。
【0004】
一方、新技術として木材の粉末である鋸屑(オガコ)を直接粗飼料として利用する研究がなされたが、オガコの形態が小さいサイコロ状のため、第1胃が篩効果を発揮せず、低部滞留による食滞を起し、かつ、そのため近接する肝臓左葉を圧迫し、肝機能の低下等の障害を起こすという問題がある。
【0005】
また、従来の木材を飼料に応用する研究の結果では、広葉樹に比べ針葉樹は粗飼料化しても消化性が低く、薬品処理を行なうと消化性は上がるが、粉末状となり硬度が著しく低下するなど、エネルギー源としてはほとんど期待できず、粗飼料因子の給源にしかならないとしている。
【0006】
最近、雑木のチップやおがくずの有効利用を図るため、これを家畜の飼料に用いる試みが種々なされ、高圧・高温下での蒸煮・爆砕処理による圧扁飼料の製造がなされている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。しかしながらこの製造法で製造した飼料には、牛の貧血・運動障害を起こす有害物質フルフラールを数千ppm含むため、実用化が阻害されていた。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特公平4−60618号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、国内において新たな牛等の家畜用の飼料原料を見出し、これから安全性の高い飼料を製造して畜産農家に安定的に供給することにより畜産を振興することが求められていた。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を行った結果、木材、特に利用用途がほとんどない杉間伐材を原料とし、これチップ状態とした後加圧蒸煮し、更に解繊した繊維状物は牛等の家畜用の飼料として利用可能であり、しかも、家畜にとって問題となるような成分も含まれていないことを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0010】
すなわち本発明は、木材より得られるチップ原料を加圧蒸煮し、次いで得られた蒸煮物を擂り潰し、繊維状とすることを特徴とする家畜粗飼料の製造方法を提供するものである。
【0011】
また本発明は、木材からのチップ原料を蒸煮し、この蒸煮物を擂り潰し、繊維状とすることにより得られる家畜粗飼料を提供するものである。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の家畜粗飼料は、木材からのチップ原料を蒸煮し、この蒸煮物を擂り潰し、繊維状としたものである。
【0013】
本発明の家畜粗飼料の原料となるチップは、チッパー等の装置を用い、木材を、6から16cm程度の大きさ、2から3mm程度の厚みとしたものである。
【0014】
チップを得るための木材としては、特に制約はないが、古材でなく、生の木材を利用することが好ましく、特に、新規用途の開発が求められている杉間伐材を利用することが好ましい。
【0015】
このチップ原料の蒸煮は、3から6気圧、好ましくは、4から5気圧程度の圧力下、130から160℃、好ましくは、150から160℃程度の温度で、90から180分間程度行われる。
【0016】
このように蒸煮されたチップ原料(以下、「蒸煮チップ」という)は、次に擂り潰し、繊維状とされる。
【0017】
この擂り潰しは、例えば、リファイナー(叩解機)の固定刃と回転刃の刃間を2mm程度として擂り潰すことにより行われる(刃先が磨り減った場合は0.85mm程度まで許容される)。
【0018】
この擂り潰しにより、繊維状物が得られ、このものは放冷、乾燥されて家畜粗飼料として使用することができる。
【0019】
本発明においては、上記のように例えば、6気圧以下の圧力、150℃程度の温度で蒸煮されるため、木材が柔軟化するとともに、木材中のセルロースや、ヘミセルロースが軟化する。そして、リファイナー等の作用により繊維状に解繊し家畜粗飼料となるのである。特に、チップに皮も付けたままで処理すれば、芳香性が増し、牛の嗜好性を高めるため、より優れた家畜粗飼料となる。しかも、本発明方法で調製した家畜粗飼料は、有害物質のフルフラールをほとんど含んでおらず(多くとも2ppm以下)、牛等の家畜に安全なものである。
【0020】
次に、本発明を有利に実施するために用いる製造プラントの一例について説明する。
【0021】
図1は、発明の家畜粗飼料を製造するために用いる製造プラントを模式的に示した図面であり、図2は、この製造プラントで用いる蒸煮缶の正面図、図3は、その右側面図である。図中、1は蒸煮缶、2は台車レール、3はホイストコンベア、4はホイストクレーン、5は収納網篭、6はレシプロサイロを示す。また、7はスクリューコンベア、8は搬送コンベア、9はリファイナー入口、10はリファイナー、11はスロートスクリュー、12は回転刃物・固定刃物部、13はリファイナー出口である。
【0022】
本発明プラントで用いる蒸煮缶1の中に収納網篭5が2個収納される。この蒸煮缶は、正面から見ると図2に示すように開閉扉が取り付けられた状態になっている。この蒸煮缶1の側面には、図3に示すように圧力計19、温度計20を 供え、圧力・温度を一定に保つ機能を供えている。また、ボイラーからの蒸気を導入するための蒸気入口18も設けられている。
【0023】
また、収納網篭5の出し入れは、着脱可能な台車レール2上を電動式で 行なわれ、ホイストクレーン4で収納網篭5を吊り上げ、ホイストコンベア3でレシプロサイロ6まで搬送する。
【0024】
このレシプロサイロ6は、蒸煮チップを受納して、センサーにより自動的に 作動する内蔵のレーキで蒸煮チップをスクリューコンベア7に送り、スクリューコンベア7は蒸煮チップを定時定量で搬送コンベア8に送る自動式操作サイロである。
【0025】
更に搬送コンベア8はチップを定時定量でリファイナー10に搬送する 設備である。
【0026】
リファイナー10は、その入口9より原料チップを受け入れ、スロートスクリュー11により蒸煮チップを擂り潰す回転刃物・固定刃物部12に送り、ここで擂り潰され、出口13より繊維状の家畜粗飼料として排出される。排出された家畜粗飼料は空送ファン14で風送管15を通り、サイクロン16を介して集積室17にいたる。
【0027】
図1に示す製造プラントで家畜粗飼料を調製するには、次のようにすればよい。すなわち、まず、蒸煮缶1の開閉扉を開け、中に収納されている収納網篭5を台車レール2の上を転がし外に出す。ショベルローダーで収納網篭5を持ち上げ、チップサイロでチップを受け、台車レール2に乗せ、再度蒸煮缶1の中に収用する。耐圧性の扉を閉めて、ボイラーからの蒸気を蒸気入口18より取り入れ蒸気加圧する。この工程は、チップのセルロース、ヘミセルロースを軟化し木質の柔軟化を図るためのものである。
【0028】
この様にして蒸煮の工程が終了したら、次に蒸煮缶1の扉を開け、収納網篭5を台車レール2を使って取り出し、ホイストクレーン4で吊り上げ、ホイストコンベア3を移動してレシプロサイロ6に投入する。その場合、収納網篭5をレシプロサイロ6の上部に到着すると自動的に収納網篭5の底板が開き、蒸煮処理をしたチップがレシプロサイロ6に投入される。
【0029】
このレシプロサイロ6は、蒸煮チップを受納して、センサーにより自動的に作動する内蔵のレーキで蒸煮チップをスクリューコンベア7に送り、スクリューコンベア7は蒸煮チップを定時定量で搬送コンベア8に送り、搬送コンベア8は蒸煮チップを定時定量でリファイナー10に搬送する。
【0030】
このリファイナー10では、その入口9で受けた蒸煮チップがスロートスクリュー11により回転刃物・固定刃物部12まで送られ、擂り潰され、家畜粗飼料として出口13から排出される。この排出された家畜粗飼料(木質系粗飼料)は、風送ファン14により風送管15を通り、サイクロン16で空気と家畜粗飼料に分離され集積室17に集積される。
【0031】
【実施例】
以下実施例を挙げ、本発明を更に詳しく説明する。
【0032】
実 施 例 1
家畜粗飼料製品の製造:
杉間伐材を、チッパーを用い、厚さ約3mm程度のチップとした。この原料チップ2,000kgを、図1で示した装置の蒸煮缶(直径2m、長さ4.5m)の中の収納網篭に入れ、4気圧、150℃で180分間、1時間当たり1,690kgの水蒸気を用いて蒸煮した。次にこの蒸煮チップ1,000kgをリファイナーにより、3,300V、132kWの力で60分間かけて擂り潰し、繊維状の家畜粗飼料製品を得た。
【0033】
実 施 例 2
家畜粗飼料製品の物性、品質、安定性および安全性:
杉間伐材を原料とし、実施例1の低圧蒸煮擂り潰し法により得られた粗飼料 製品(以下、「ウットンファイバー」ということがある。商標登録済)について、製品の物性、製品の品質、製品の安定性および製品の安全性を調べた。
【0034】
(1)製品の物性
外観は茶褐色であり、握るとフンワリとした繊維状を呈し、かすかに芳香性を有する。
【0035】
(2)製品の品質及び安定性
財団法人日本食品分析センターに品質検査の依頼をした。平成13年8月7日から8月27日までに製造した製品を平成13年9月25日から12ケ月間毎月定期的に1回及び14ケ月に1回の分析を実施し、5ロットについて、1ロットから3サンプルを採取して分析し、その平均値を求めた。分析項目は水分、粗蛋白質、粗脂肪、粗繊維、粗灰分、可溶性無窒素物、NDF、黴数、pH、水分活性、過酸化物価の11項目とした。過酸化物価については第1回検査で製品自体の粗脂肪が少なく検出されなかったので、以降検査は行わなかった。また、水分活性についても初回のみの実施とした。第1回目と第9回目の結果を表1〜5に示す。
【0036】
【表1】

Figure 2004121118
【0037】
【表2】
Figure 2004121118
【0038】
【表3】
Figure 2004121118
【0039】
【表4】
Figure 2004121118
【0040】
【表5】
Figure 2004121118
【0041】
(3)製品の安全性
有害物質フルフラールの検査を財団法人畜産生物科学安全研究所に依頼し、製品5点について実施した。その結果、フルフラールの含量は最大2μg/g(ppm)、最小は検出限界(1μg/g)以下であり、試料中3点が検出限界以下であった。
なお、フルフラールの分析に用いた試薬及び装置並びに測定条件等は次の通りである。
【0042】
▲1▼試薬及び装置
フルフラール(2−furaldehyde):和光純薬工業(株)製
その他の試薬はすべて和光純薬工業(株)製残留農薬試験用を用いた。
Figure 2004121118
【0043】
▲2▼ガスクロマトグラフ操作条件
検出器      :水素炎イオン化検出器(DID)
分離カラム    :J&W Scientific社製 DB−210(0.25mm I.D.×30m、膜厚 0.25μm)
キャリアガス   :ヘリウム
メイクアップガス :ヘリウム
水素ガス     :1.2kg/cm
乾燥空気     :3.2kg/cm
カラムオーブン温度:60℃(1分)〜昇温5℃/分〜160℃(1分)〜昇温30℃/分〜250℃(5分)
注入口温度    :250℃
検出器温度    :260℃
注入量      :2μL
試料導入方法   :スプリットレス
【0044】
▲3▼検量線の作成
フルフラール標準品をアセトンに溶解して10mg/mLの標準原液を調製した。これをアセトンで希釈して1、5、10、50、100及び 200mg/mLの標準溶液を調製した。この2μLを3)の条件に設定したガスクロマトグラフに注入して分析し、ピーク面積(μV・S)を縦軸に、フルフラール量(ng)を横軸ににとって検量線を作成した。
【0045】
▲4▼分析操作
試料10gに精製水150mLを加えて1時間室温で放置した。これに20%塩化ナトリウム溶液50mL及びジエチルエーテル100mLを加えて20分間激しく振とうした後、3000rpmで5分間遠心分離し、上層を採取した。下層に新たにジエチルエーテル100mLを加え、上記と同様の抽出操作を行い、上層を採取して先の上層に合わせた。更に、ジエチルエーテル70mL、2回で上記と同様の抽出操作を行い、全上層を合わせた。これをバキュームコントローラー制御(780hPa)のロータリーエバポレーターを用い、35℃以下で2〜3mLまで濃縮した後、アセトンで10mLの定容とし、検液とした。
これを3)の条件に設定したガスクロマトグラフに注入して分析し、4)に従って作成した検量線を用いて試料中のフルフラール濃度を算出した。
【0046】
▲5▼検出限界
本法による最小検出量は2ngであった。試料10gから抽出して最終液量を10mLとし、その2mLをガスクロマトグラフに供したので、検出限界は次式により1μg/gとなる。
2(ng)×10(mL) /2(μL)×1/10(g)=1(μg/g)
【0047】
以上の結果より、本発明の家畜粗飼料製品(ウットンファイバー)に含まれるフルフラールの量は、飼料としての用途に全然問題にならない数値であることが判明した。
【0048】
実 施 例 3
乳牛に対する家畜粗飼料製品の給与試験:
本発明の家畜粗飼料製品の安全性を確認するため、家畜粗飼料の給与試験試験を行った。この試験は、「飼料の安全性確認基準」(昭和63年4月1日63畜B617号農林省畜産局長通達)に準拠し、以下のようにして実施した。
【0049】
試験牛6頭、対照牛6頭の計12頭で試験を開始した。試験期間は平成12年10月1日から13年9月31日迄の1年間で、試験終了迄の給与飼料の量(TDN、DCP換算)は表6および表7の通りである。
【0050】
【表6】
Figure 2004121118
【表7】
Figure 2004121118
【0051】
ウットンファイバーは試験期間中に一頭当り365kg、試験区全頭で2,190kg給与したが、残飼が133.5kgであった。残飼は主に、試験開始時と6月後半から8月にかけての猛暑による食欲不振の時期に多かったが、全給餌量の6%に止まっており、ウットンファイバーは乳牛の嗜好性に問題はない成績であった。
【0052】
また、上記期間の泌乳成績は表8のとおりであった。
【0053】
【表8】
Figure 2004121118
【0054】
表8に示されるように、12ケ月間の試験期間中の泌乳量は試験区で53,119.1kg、1頭平均では8,853.2kgであるのに対し、対照区では43,991.8kg、1頭平均で7,332.0kgであった。この結果、試験区の泌乳量は対照区に比べ、17.2%多かった。
【0055】
更に、試験開始から試験終了時までに計4回検査用サンプリングを行い、ウットンファイバーが乳質に与える影響について調べた。供試牛により固体差の多い細胞数を除き、乳のpH、比重、脂肪率および無脂固形分については統計学的に有意差は認められなかった。また、官能検査(臭覚・視覚・味覚)においても通常の牛乳とかわらないと判定され、ウットンファイバー杉特有の匂いが牛乳へ移行しないかという懸念も払拭された。
【0056】
以下の表9に、牛乳1kg生産に要した栄養量について、試験全期間中に給与した栄養量及び泌乳量をまとめた。この結果より、試験区の牛は、対照区の牛に比較し、TDN(可消化養分総量)で10.7%、DCP(可消化蛋白質)で9.2%少ない量で牛乳1kgを生産していることが示された。
【0057】
【表9】
Figure 2004121118
【0058】
更にまた、分娩後1ケ月の泌乳量を100の指数として10ケ月を指数化し た成績を図4にまとめた。この図からわかるように、試験区の成績は標準的な泌乳曲線を描いており、ウットンファイバーの給与が泌乳曲線に何らの影響も与えていないことがわかる。逆に、対照区の成績は牛の固体差があるとしても試験区より劣る成績であった。
【0059】
実 施 例 4
肥育牛に対する家畜粗飼料製品の給与試験:
供試動物は、黒毛和種とホルスタインのF1、導入時月例7〜9ケ月、体重200kg前後の雌を試験区6頭対照区6頭の計12頭とし、平成12年9月18日から14年2月15日迄の17ケ月間飼育し、最後に、と殺解剖を行なった。
【0060】
試験全期間中の飼料及び栄養摂取量(給与量から残餌量を差し引いた正味給与量)は表10のとおりであった。
【0061】
【表10】
Figure 2004121118
【0062】
上記表から明らかなように、試験区での摂取TDN(可消化養分総量)は21,848.53kgで1頭平均3,641kgであり、DCP(可消化蛋白質)は2,741.90kgで1頭平均456.98kgであった。一方、対照区ではTDN21,005.09kgで1頭平均3,500.85kgであり、DCPは2,728.07kgで1頭平均454.67kgであった。試験区についてのウットンファイバーの試験期間中の1頭当りの摂取量は594.42kgで、試験区全頭で3,566.5kgを摂取した。ウットンファイバーの嗜好性については残餌量25kg(残餌率0.698%)でよく食していることから、肥育牛についても問題はない成績であった。
【0063】
次に、試験期間中の肥育牛の体重増加については、表11に示す結果を得た。この結果から明らかなように、本試験を開始からと殺前日までの514日間に、試験区の平均体重増加量は460kg(と殺前日平均体重704kg−導入時平均体重244kg)であった。これに対し、対照区の同期間の平均体重増加量は428kg(と殺前日平均体重679kg−導入時平均体重251kg)であって、統計学的に5%水準で有意差があった。また、この増体をもとにDG(1日増体量)を求めると、試験区は0.894kg、対照区は0.833kgであって統計学的に5%水準で有意差がある。
【0064】
【表11】
Figure 2004121118
【0065】
一方、体重1kg増加に要する栄養量は表12のとおりである。この表から明らかなように、体重1kg増加に要する栄養量は、試験区ではTDNが7,938g/頭/日で、DCPが994g/頭/日であるのに対し、対照区では、TDNが8,446g/頭/日で、DCPが1,062g/頭/日の成績で試験区のほうが優れていた。
【0066】
【表12】
Figure 2004121118
【0067】
上記試験期間中の健康状況は、試験供試牛、特に試験区牛は穏やかで良く寝そべり反芻も良く、事故・疾病もなく健康状態は順調に推移した。
【0068】
また、試験供試牛の臨床生化学的検査は、平成12年9月18日の試験開始時、平成13年2月27日、平成13年9月18日、平成14年2月14日の4回、検査材料(第1胃胃液・尿・血液・血清)を採取して、財団法人畜産生物科学安全研究所で検査した。その結果は次のとおりである。
【0069】
1)第1胃胃液検査(色調、臭気、粘張性、pH、VFA濃度及び組成、  乳酸、アンモニア、細菌及びプロトゾアの数及び組成)
試験開始時の検査では試験群のイソ吉草酸値が低値を示し対照群との比較において有意差が認められた。試験開始5ケ月時の検査では試験群のイソ酪酸値及びイソ吉草酸値が高値を示し対照群との比較において有意差が認められた。試験開始12ケ月時の検査では、いずれの項目についても試験群と対照群との間に有意な変化は認められなかった。試験開始17ケ月時の検査では試験群のpHがアルカリ傾向を、また、乳酸値が低値を示し対照群との比較において有意差が認められた。しかしこの所見はむしろ対照群の乳酸が増加し、それに伴いpHが相対的に酸性に傾いた結果と考えられる。
【0070】
2)尿検査(比重、pH、タンパク、ブドウ糖、ケトン体、潜血、ウロビ  リノーゲン、ビリルビン)
試験開始時、試験開始5ケ月時、試験開始12ケ月時及び試験開始17ケ月時の検査において、いずれの項目とも試験群と対照群との間に有意差は認められなかった。
【0071】
3)血液学的検査(赤血球数、血色素量、平均赤血球容積、平均赤血球血  色素量、平均赤血球血色素濃度、血小板、白血球数、白血球百分率)
血液学的検査においても、いずれの検査時点とも試験群と対照群との間に有意差は認められなかった。各群牛とも成長に伴う赤血球に関する変化は認められたが異常なものではない。
【0072】
4)血液生化学的検査(LDH、GOT、GPT、CPK、SLP、総タ  ンパク、アルブミン、グロブリン、A/G比、総コレステロール、中  性脂肪、血糖、総ビルリビン、尿素窒素、クレアチン、カルシュウム  、無機リン、ナトリウム、カリウム、クロール)
試験開始時の検査では、試験群の血糖値が対照群に比べてやや高値を示し有意差が認められた。試験開始5ケ月時の検査、12ケ月時の検査、17ケ月時の検査においていずれの項目においても試験群と対照群との間に有意差は認められなかった。
【0073】
更に、病理解剖及び肉質検査のため、試験供試牛全頭を宮崎市食肉センターでと殺し、1頭毎に解剖所見を得るとともに病理検査材料を採取し、臨床病理学的検査を行った。解剖所見のなかからルーメン粘膜乳頭の発達状況、ルーメンパラケラトーシス、肝臓の点状出血斑の所見を表13にまとめた。
【0074】
【表13】
Figure 2004121118
【0075】
上記の解剖所見では、試験群は正常で、第1胃の胃壁、ルーメン粘膜乳頭、冠状溝、縦溝の発達は正常で内蔵廃棄も皆無であった。一方、対照群では第1胃の胃壁、ルーメン粘膜乳頭、冠状溝、縦溝の発達が悪く、5頭にルーメンパラケラトーシスが見られ、大きいものでは小児頭大のものもあった。また、第1胃空袋重量は、試験群平均9.92kg、対照群は9.5kgで、試験群の方が420g重かった。
【0076】
最後に、試験供試牛の肉質格付及び枝肉歩留まり検査を、BSE及び食肉衛生検査の終了後に(社)日本食肉格付協会九州支所宮崎事務所所長が行なった。この結果を表14にまとめた。
【0077】
【表14】
Figure 2004121118
【0078】
上記表14から明らかなように、格付け成績は試験区がB−3が3頭、B−2が2頭、C−2が1頭であるのに対し、対照区はA−4が1頭、B−3が3頭、C−3が2頭という成績でA−4の突出した牛以外は試験区と差がなく、Cク ラスが1頭多いという結果であった。
【0079】
以上、実施例3および実施例4において、本発明方法により製造された家畜粗飼料製品の給与試験について説明したが、この結果から安全性については何ら問題ないことが明らかになった。また、各試験項目について試験牛の方が優れている結果が多いことから、本発明の家畜粗飼料製品は有効性を有していると判断される。
【0080】
【発明の効果】
本発明方法により製造された家畜粗飼料は、上記実施例から明らかなように、牛の良好な粗飼料として使用することができるものであり、しかも肥育牛の後期(生後18ケ月以降)においては、この家畜粗飼料を給与粗飼料の全部として使用することも可能である。
【0081】
しかも、本発明の家畜粗飼料は、現在、利用価値の少ない杉間伐材を原料として有効に利用することができるため、経済的であると共に森林の荒廃防止にも有用である。
【0082】
更に、国内産の木材を原料とし、蒸煮工程を経るものであるため、家畜に対する病原性微生物が混入するおそれはなく、この面からも安全性が高いものである
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の家畜粗飼料を製造するための製造プラントを模式的に示す図面
【図2】製造プラントで用いる蒸煮缶の正面図
【図3】蒸煮缶の右側面図
【図4】分娩後1ケ月の泌乳量を100の指数として10ケ月を指数化した成績を折れ線グラフ化したもの
【符号の説明】
1 … … 蒸煮缶
2 … … 台車レール
3 … … ホイストコンベア
4 … … ホイストクレーン
5 … … 収納網篭
6 … … レシプロサイロ
7 … … スクリューコンベア
8 … … 搬送コンベア
9 … … リファイナー入口
10 … … リファイナー
11 … … スロートスクリュー
12 … … 回転刃物・固定刃物部
13 … … リファイナー出口
14 … … 風送ファン
15 … … 風送管
16 … … サイクロン
17 … … 集積室
18 … … 蒸気入口
19 … … 圧力計
20 … … 温度計
以  上[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing livestock roughage from wood, and more particularly, to wood chips such as thinned cedar thinned wood as chips, which are steamed and ground to form a shape suitable for the taste of livestock such as cows. The present invention relates to a method for producing a wooden livestock roughage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, rice straw has been crushed and introduced into plows or incinerated as a result of introducing self-removable combine harvesters for paddy rice cultivation. As a result, the use of rice straw as a rough feed for cattle has been drastically reduced.・ The current situation of roughage demand in Japan is to import wild hay, bar and oats hay from Australia.
[0003]
However, when importing feed from abroad, there is a concern that the introduction of pathogenic microorganisms into livestock will be accompanied by this. For example, the foot-and-mouth disease virus that first occurred in 2000 in Japan in 93 years has invaded from China. Straw and wild hay imported from countries contaminated with foot-and-mouth disease are believed to be the cause.
[0004]
On the other hand, as a new technology, research was conducted using sawdust (sawdust), which is a wood powder, directly as roughage. However, because the shape of the sawdust is small, the rumen does not exhibit the sieving effect and the low stagnation remains. This causes a problem of causing food stagnation due to the stagnation, and thus pressing on the adjacent left lobe of the liver, causing damage such as a decrease in liver function.
[0005]
In addition, the results of research using conventional wood for feed show that compared to hardwoods, conifers are less digestible even when roughened, and when digested with chemicals, digestibility increases, but hardness decreases significantly as powder becomes harder. He said that it could hardly be expected as an energy source and could only serve as a source of roughage factors.
[0006]
Recently, various attempts have been made to use mixed wood chips and sawdust for livestock feed in order to effectively use the chips and sawdust, and pressurized feed has been produced by steaming and explosion treatment under high pressure and high temperature (for example, see Patent Reference 1). However, the feed produced by this production method contains several thousand ppm of a harmful substance furfural which causes anemia and dyskinesia in cattle, which hinders practical use.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-60618 [0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, it has been required to promote livestock by finding a new feed material for livestock such as cattle in Japan, and producing a safe feed from the new feedstock and stably supplying it to livestock farmers.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventor of the present invention has conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, wood, especially cedar thinned wood, which has almost no use, is used as a raw material. They found that the product could be used as feed for livestock such as cattle, and that it did not contain any components that would be problematic for livestock, and completed the present invention.
[0010]
That is, the present invention provides a method for producing livestock rough feed, characterized in that chip raw material obtained from wood is steamed under pressure, and then the obtained steamed material is ground and fibrous.
[0011]
The present invention also provides a livestock rough feed obtained by steaming a chip raw material from wood, grinding the steamed material into a fibrous form.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The livestock roughage of the present invention is obtained by steaming a chip material from wood, and grinding the steamed material into a fibrous form.
[0013]
The chip used as the raw material of the livestock roughage of the present invention is obtained by using a device such as a chipper and making wood into a size of about 6 to 16 cm 2 and a thickness of about 2 to 3 mm.
[0014]
There is no particular limitation on the wood for obtaining chips, but it is preferable to use raw wood, not old wood, and in particular, it is preferable to use cedar thinned wood that is required to be developed for new uses .
[0015]
The steaming of the chip raw material is performed at a pressure of about 3 to 6 atm, preferably about 4 to 5 atm, at a temperature of about 130 to 160 ° C, preferably about 150 to 160 ° C, for about 90 to 180 minutes.
[0016]
The steamed chip raw material (hereinafter referred to as “steamed chips”) is then ground and made into a fibrous form.
[0017]
This grinding is performed, for example, by grinding the fixed blade and the rotary blade of a refiner (refining machine) with a distance of about 2 mm (when the cutting edge is worn down, it is allowed to be about 0.85 mm).
[0018]
By this crushing, a fibrous material is obtained, which is allowed to cool and dry, and can be used as livestock roughage.
[0019]
In the present invention, as described above, for example, steam is cooked at a pressure of about 6 atm or less at a temperature of about 150 ° C., so that the wood is softened, and the cellulose and hemicellulose in the wood are softened. Then, it is fibrillated by the action of a refiner or the like to produce livestock roughage. In particular, if the chips are treated with the skin on, the fragrance is increased and the palatability of the cow is enhanced, resulting in a more excellent livestock roughage. Moreover, the livestock roughage prepared by the method of the present invention hardly contains the harmful substance furfural (at most 2 ppm or less) and is safe for livestock such as cattle.
[0020]
Next, an example of a manufacturing plant used to carry out the present invention advantageously will be described.
[0021]
Fig. 1 is a drawing schematically showing a production plant used for producing the livestock roughage of the invention, Fig. 2 is a front view of a steaming can used in this production plant, and Fig. 3 is a right side view thereof. is there. In the figure, 1 is a steaming can, 2 is a bogie rail, 3 is a hoist conveyor, 4 is a hoist crane, 5 is a storage net basket, and 6 is a reciprocating silo. Reference numeral 7 denotes a screw conveyor, 8 denotes a conveyor, 9 denotes a refiner inlet, 10 denotes a refiner, 11 denotes a throat screw, 12 denotes a rotary blade / fixed blade portion, and 13 denotes a refiner outlet.
[0022]
Two storage net baskets 5 are stored in the steaming can 1 used in the plant of the present invention. When viewed from the front, this steaming can is in a state where an opening / closing door is attached as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, a pressure gauge 19 and a thermometer 20 are provided on the side surface of the steaming can 1 to provide a function of keeping the pressure and temperature constant. A steam inlet 18 for introducing steam from the boiler is also provided.
[0023]
The storage net basket 5 is moved in and out on the detachable bogie rail 2 by an electric motor. The storage net basket 5 is lifted by the hoist crane 4 and transported to the reciprocating silo 6 by the hoist conveyor 3.
[0024]
The reciprocating silo 6 receives the steamed chips, sends the steamed chips to the screw conveyor 7 by a built-in rake automatically operated by a sensor, and the screw conveyor 7 automatically sends the steamed chips to the conveyor 8 at a fixed time. It is a formula operation silo.
[0025]
Further, the transport conveyor 8 is a facility for transporting the chips to the refiner 10 in a fixed amount at a fixed time.
[0026]
The refiner 10 receives the raw material chips from the inlet 9, sends the raw chips to the rotary blade / fixed blade portion 12 for grinding the steamed chips by the throat screw 11, where they are ground and discharged from the outlet 13 as fibrous livestock roughage. . The discharged livestock roughage passes through the air blowing pipe 15 with the air feeding fan 14 and reaches the accumulation chamber 17 via the cyclone 16.
[0027]
To prepare livestock roughage in the manufacturing plant shown in FIG. That is, first, the opening / closing door of the steaming can 1 is opened, and the storage net basket 5 stored therein is rolled out on the carriage rail 2 and taken out. The storage net basket 5 is lifted by the shovel loader, the chips are received by the chip silo, put on the truck rail 2, and then collected in the steaming can 1 again. The pressure-resistant door is closed, and steam from the boiler is taken in from the steam inlet 18 and steam is pressurized. This step is for softening the cellulose and hemicellulose of the chips to soften the wood.
[0028]
When the steaming process is completed in this manner, the door of the steaming can 1 is then opened, the storage net basket 5 is taken out using the bogie rail 2, lifted by the hoist crane 4, and the hoist conveyor 3 is moved to move the reciprocating silo 6 To In this case, when the storage net basket 5 reaches the upper part of the reciprocating silo 6, the bottom plate of the storage net basket 5 is automatically opened, and the steamed chips are put into the reciprocating silo 6.
[0029]
The reciprocating silo 6 receives the steamed chips, sends the steamed chips to the screw conveyor 7 by a built-in rake automatically operated by a sensor, and the screw conveyor 7 sends the steamed chips to the conveyor 8 at a fixed amount on a regular basis. The conveyor 8 conveys the steamed chips to the refiner 10 at a fixed time.
[0030]
In the refiner 10, the steamed chips received at the inlet 9 are sent to the rotary blade / fixed blade portion 12 by the throat screw 11, crushed, and discharged from the outlet 13 as livestock roughage. The discharged livestock roughage (woody roughage) passes through a blower pipe 15 by a blower fan 14, is separated into air and livestock roughage by a cyclone 16, and is accumulated in an accumulation chamber 17.
[0031]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples.
[0032]
Example 1
Production of livestock roughage products:
The cedar thinned wood was made into chips having a thickness of about 3 mm using a chipper. Put 2,000 kg of the raw material chips in a storage net basket in a steaming can (diameter 2 m, length 4.5 m) of the apparatus shown in FIG. Steamed using 690 kg of steam. Next, 1,000 kg of the steamed chips was ground with a refiner at a power of 3,300 V and 132 kW for 60 minutes to obtain a fibrous livestock roughage product.
[0033]
Example 2
Physical properties, quality, stability and safety of livestock roughage products:
About the roughage product (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “Wutton fiber”, which has been registered as a trademark) obtained from the cedar thinned wood by the low-pressure steam crushing method of Example 1, the physical properties of the product, the quality of the product, and the product The stability of the product and the safety of the product were investigated.
[0034]
(1) The physical properties of the product are brownish, have a fibrous shape when grasped, and have a faint aromatic character.
[0035]
(2) Product quality and stability We requested a quality inspection from the Japan Food Research Laboratories. The products manufactured between August 7 and August 27, 2001 were analyzed once every month for 12 months from September 25, 2001 and once every 14 months. Three samples were collected from one lot and analyzed, and the average value was determined. The analysis items were 11 items of water, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, soluble nitrogen-free material, NDF, number of molds, pH, water activity, and peroxide value. As for the peroxide value, since the crude fat of the product itself was not detected in the first test, the test was not conducted thereafter. In addition, the water activity was performed only for the first time. Tables 1 to 5 show the results of the first and ninth tests.
[0036]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004121118
[0037]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004121118
[0038]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004121118
[0039]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004121118
[0040]
[Table 5]
Figure 2004121118
[0041]
(3) Product safety The inspection of furfural, a hazardous substance, was requested to the Livestock Products Science and Safety Laboratory, and five products were tested. As a result, the furfural content was 2 μg / g (ppm) at the maximum, the minimum was below the detection limit (1 μg / g), and three of the samples were below the detection limit.
In addition, the reagent and apparatus used for the analysis of furfural, the measurement conditions, and the like are as follows.
[0042]
{Circle around (1)} Reagents and equipment Furfural (2-furaldehyde): All other reagents manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. were used for residual pesticide testing manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
Figure 2004121118
[0043]
(2) Gas chromatograph operating condition detector: Hydrogen flame ionization detector (DID)
Separation column: DB-210 (0.25 mm ID × 30 m, film thickness 0.25 μm) manufactured by J & W Scientific
Carrier gas: Helium make-up gas: Helium hydrogen gas: 1.2 kg / cm 2
Dry air: 3.2 kg / cm 2
Column oven temperature: 60 ° C (1 minute)-Temperature rise 5 ° C / min-160 ° C (1 minute)-Temperature rise 30 ° C / min-250 ° C (5 minutes)
Inlet temperature: 250 ° C
Detector temperature: 260 ° C
Injection volume: 2 μL
Sample introduction method: Splitless [0044]
{Circle around (3)} Preparation of calibration curve A 10 mg / mL standard stock solution was prepared by dissolving a furfural standard product in acetone. This was diluted with acetone to prepare standard solutions of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg / mL. 2 μL of this was injected into a gas chromatograph set under the condition of 3) and analyzed, and a calibration curve was prepared with the peak area (μV · S) on the vertical axis and the amount of furfural (ng) on the horizontal axis.
[0045]
{Circle around (4)} 150 mL of purified water was added to 10 g of the analysis operation sample, and left at room temperature for 1 hour. To this, 50 mL of a 20% sodium chloride solution and 100 mL of diethyl ether were added, and the mixture was vigorously shaken for 20 minutes, followed by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to collect the upper layer. 100 mL of diethyl ether was newly added to the lower layer, and the same extraction operation as above was performed. The upper layer was collected and combined with the upper layer. Further, the same extraction operation as described above was performed twice with 70 mL of diethyl ether, and all the upper layers were combined. Using a rotary evaporator controlled by a vacuum controller (780 hPa), the solution was concentrated at a temperature of 35 ° C. or lower to 2 to 3 mL, and the volume was adjusted to 10 mL with acetone to prepare a test solution.
This was injected into a gas chromatograph set under the conditions of 3) and analyzed, and the concentration of furfural in the sample was calculated using the calibration curve prepared according to 4).
[0046]
{Circle around (5)} Detection limit The minimum detection amount by this method was 2 ng. Since 10 mL of the sample was extracted to make the final volume 10 mL, and 2 mL thereof was subjected to gas chromatography, the detection limit was 1 μg / g according to the following equation.
2 (ng) × 10 (mL) / 2 (μL) × 1/10 (g) = 1 (μg / g)
[0047]
From the above results, it has been found that the amount of furfural contained in the livestock roughage product (Wutton fiber) of the present invention is a value that does not pose any problem for use as a feed.
[0048]
Example 3
Feeding of livestock roughage products to dairy cows:
In order to confirm the safety of the livestock roughage product of the present invention, a livestock roughage feeding test was conducted. This test was carried out in the following manner in accordance with “Feed Safety Confirmation Criteria” (Announced on April 1, 1988, 63 Livestock B617, Director of Livestock Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry).
[0049]
The test was started with a total of 12 test cows and 6 control cows. The test period was one year from October 1, 2000 to September 31, 2013. The amounts of feed (TDN, DCP conversion) until the end of the test are as shown in Tables 6 and 7.
[0050]
[Table 6]
Figure 2004121118
[Table 7]
Figure 2004121118
[0051]
During the test period, wooton fiber was fed at 365 kg per animal and 2,190 kg at all the test plots, but the remaining animal was 133.5 kg. Litters were mainly present at the beginning of the test and during the period of anorexia due to the extreme heat from late June to August. However, only 6% of the total feed was fed. Had no grades.
[0052]
Table 8 shows the results of lactation during the above period.
[0053]
[Table 8]
Figure 2004121118
[0054]
As shown in Table 8, the milk yield during the 12-month test period was 53,119.1 kg in the test plot, and 8,853.2 kg in the average of the animals, whereas the control plot was 43,991. The weight was 833 kg / head and the average was 7,332.0 kg. As a result, the milk yield in the test group was 17.2% higher than that in the control group.
[0055]
Further, a total of four samplings for inspection were performed from the start of the test to the end of the test, and the effect of the Woolton fiber on milk quality was examined. There was no statistically significant difference in milk pH, specific gravity, fat percentage, and non-fat solids, except for the number of cells with a large individual difference among the test cows. In addition, the sensory test (odor, vision, taste) was judged to be not different from ordinary milk, and concerns were raised that the unique smell of Utton fiber cedar would not be transferred to milk.
[0056]
Table 9 below summarizes the nutrients and milk yield fed during the entire test for the nutrients required to produce 1 kg of milk. Based on these results, the cows in the test plot produced 1 kg of milk in an amount smaller by 10.7% in TDN (total digestible nutrient) and 9.2% in DCP (digestible protein) than the cows in the control plot. It was shown that.
[0057]
[Table 9]
Figure 2004121118
[0058]
Furthermore, FIG. 4 summarizes the results obtained by indexing 10 months with lactation volume at one month after delivery as an index of 100. As can be seen from the figure, the results of the test plots draw a standard lactation curve, and it can be seen that the feeding of Wotton fiber has no effect on the lactation curve. Conversely, the results of the control group were inferior to those of the test group even if there was a difference in individual cows.
[0059]
Example 4
Feeding test of livestock roughage products to fattening cattle:
The test animals were F1 of Japanese black and Holstein, 7 to 9 months at the time of introduction, and 6 females weighing around 200 kg, 6 in the test plot and 6 in the control plot, totaling 12 animals. They were bred for 17 months until February 15, and finally killed.
[0060]
Table 10 shows the feed and nutrient intake (net feed amount obtained by subtracting the remaining feed amount from the feed amount) during the entire test period.
[0061]
[Table 10]
Figure 2004121118
[0062]
As is clear from the above table, the TDN (total digestible nutrient intake) in the test plot was 21,848.53 kg and the average per animal was 3,641 kg, and the DCP (digestible protein) was 2,741.90 kg and 1 in 1 animal. The head averaged 456.98 kg. On the other hand, in the control plot, TDN was 21,005.09 kg, the average was 3,500.85 kg per animal, and DCP was 2,728.07 kg, which was 454.67 kg per animal. During the test period, the amount of Wotton fiber per test group per animal was 594.42 kg, and 3,566.5 kg was ingested in all the test groups. Regarding the taste of Wootton fiber, since he ate well with 25 kg of remaining food (remaining food rate: 0.698%), the results were satisfactory for fattening cattle.
[0063]
Next, the results shown in Table 11 were obtained for weight gain of fattening cows during the test period. As is evident from the results, the average weight gain of the test plot was 460 kg (and the average weight of the day before the slaughter was 704 kg-the average weight of the body weight at the time of introduction was 244 kg) for 514 days from the start of this test and the day before the slaughter. On the other hand, the average weight gain during the same period in the control plot was 428 kg (and the average weight on the day before slaughter was 679 kg-the average weight at the time of introduction was 251 kg), and there was a statistically significant difference at the 5% level. When DG (amount of daily gain) was calculated based on this gain, the test plot was 0.894 kg and the control plot was 0.833 kg, which is statistically significant at the 5% level.
[0064]
[Table 11]
Figure 2004121118
[0065]
On the other hand, the nutrient amount required for 1 kg of body weight is as shown in Table 12. As is clear from this table, the nutrients required to increase the body weight by 1 kg were 7,938 g / head / day for TDN and 994 g / head / day for DCP in the test group, whereas the nutrient amount required for the control group was not higher than that in the control group. At 8,446 g / head / day, DCP was 1,062 g / head / day, and the test group was superior.
[0066]
[Table 12]
Figure 2004121118
[0067]
During the test period, the test cows, particularly the test cows, were calm and well lie down and rubbed well, and their health was well without any accidents or illnesses.
[0068]
In addition, the clinical biochemical examination of the test cattle was conducted at the start of the test on September 18, 2000, February 27, 2001, September 18, 2001, and February 14, 2002. Four times, test materials (ruminal gastric juice, urine, blood, and serum) were collected and tested at the Livestock Products Science and Safety Laboratory. The results are as follows.
[0069]
1) Rumen gastric fluid test (color tone, odor, stickiness, pH, VFA concentration and composition, number and composition of lactic acid, ammonia, bacteria and protozoa)
At the start of the test, the test group showed a low isovaleric acid value, which was significantly different from the control group. In the examination 5 months after the start of the test, the isobutyric acid value and isovaleric acid value of the test group were high, and a significant difference was observed in comparison with the control group. At the examination 12 months after the start of the test, no significant change was observed between the test group and the control group for any of the items. At 17 months from the start of the test, the pH of the test group tended to be alkaline, and the lactic acid value was low, indicating a significant difference in comparison with the control group. However, it is considered that this finding is rather the result of the increase in lactic acid in the control group and the accompanying tendency of the pH to be relatively acidic.
[0070]
2) Urinalysis (specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, ketone body, occult blood, urobilinogen, bilirubin)
No significant difference was observed between the test group and the control group in any of the tests at the start of the test, at the start of the test at 5 months, at the start of the test at 12 months, and at the start of the test at 17 months.
[0071]
3) Hematological examination (red blood cell count, hemoglobin content, average red blood cell volume, average red blood cell hemoglobin content, average red blood cell hemoglobin concentration, platelet, white blood cell count, white blood cell percentage)
Hematology showed no significant difference between the test and control groups at any time point. In each herd, changes in red blood cells with growth were observed, but not abnormal.
[0072]
4) Blood chemistry tests (LDH, GOT, GPT, CPK, SLP, total protein, albumin, globulin, A / G ratio, total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood glucose, total virribine, urea nitrogen, creatine, calcium, Inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chlor)
At the test at the start of the test, the blood glucose level of the test group was slightly higher than that of the control group, and a significant difference was observed. No significant difference was observed between the test group and the control group in any of the items at the test at 5 months, the test at 12 months, and the test at 17 months from the start of the test.
[0073]
Further, for the purpose of pathological dissection and meat quality inspection, all the test test cows were slaughtered at the Miyazaki City Meat Center, and anatomical findings were obtained for each cow, and pathological examination materials were collected to conduct clinicopathological examination. Table 13 summarizes the developmental state of the rumen mucosal papillae, the rumen parakeratosis, and the findings of punctate hemorrhage of the liver among the dissection findings.
[0074]
[Table 13]
Figure 2004121118
[0075]
According to the above anatomical findings, the test group was normal, and the development of the rumen stomach wall, the rumen mucosal papillae, the coronary sulcus and the longitudinal sulcus was normal, and there was no visceral disposal. On the other hand, in the control group, the development of the rumen stomach wall, the rumen mucosal papillae, the coronary sulcus, and the longitudinal sulcus was poor, and the rumen parakeratosis was observed in five animals, and some of the large animals were pediatric head-sized. The ruminal empty bag weight was 9.92 kg on average in the test group and 9.5 kg in the control group, and the test group was 420 gm heavier.
[0076]
Finally, the meat quality rating and carcass yield inspection of the test cattle were performed by the director of the Japan Meat Rating Association Kyushu Branch Miyazaki Office after the BSE and meat hygiene inspections were completed. The results are summarized in Table 14.
[0077]
[Table 14]
Figure 2004121118
[0078]
As is clear from Table 14 above, the test results show that the test group had three B-3, two B-2, and one C-2 animals, whereas the control group had one A-4 animal. , B-3 was 3 and C-3 was 2 and there was no difference from the test group except for the cow with the outstanding A-4, indicating that there was one more C class.
[0079]
As described above, in the examples 3 and 4, the feeding test of the livestock roughage product produced by the method of the present invention was described. From the results, it has been clarified that there is no problem in safety. In addition, since the test cattle has more excellent results for each test item, it is judged that the livestock roughage product of the present invention is effective.
[0080]
【The invention's effect】
The livestock roughage produced by the method of the present invention can be used as a good roughage for cattle, as is clear from the above examples, and in the late stage of fattening cattle (18 months after birth), It is also possible to use livestock roughage as all of the feed roughage.
[0081]
In addition, the livestock roughage of the present invention can be effectively used as a raw material of cedar thinned lumber, which is currently of little use value, and is therefore economical and useful for preventing forest degradation.
[0082]
Furthermore, since domestically produced wood is used as a raw material and undergoes the steaming process, there is no risk of pathogenic microorganisms entering livestock, and the safety is high in this respect as well.
1 is a diagram schematically showing a production plant for producing livestock roughage of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a front view of a steaming can used in the production plant; FIG. 3 is a right side view of the steaming can; FIG. The result of indexing 10 months with the lactation volume of the next month as an index of 100 is converted to a line graph.
1 ... Steaming can 2 ... Truck rail 3 ... Hoist conveyor 4 ... Hoist crane 5 ... Storage net basket 6 ... Reciprocating silo 7 ... Screw conveyor 8 ... Conveyor 9 ... Refiner entrance 10 ... Refiner 11 Throat screw 12 Rotating blade / fixed blade 13 Refiner outlet 14 Blower fan 15 Blower tube 16 Cyclone 17 Stacking chamber 18 Steam inlet 19 Pressure gauge 20…… thermometer and above

Claims (6)

木材より得られるチップ原料を加圧条件下で蒸煮し、次いで得られた蒸煮物を擂り潰し、繊維状とすることを特徴とする家畜粗飼料の製造方法。A method for producing livestock roughage, comprising steaming a chip material obtained from wood under a pressurized condition, and then grinding the obtained steamed material into a fibrous form. チップ原料が皮つきのものである請求項第1項記載の家畜粗飼料の製造方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the chip material has a skin. 木材が間伐材である請求項第1項または第2項記載の家畜粗飼料の製造方法。The method for producing livestock roughage according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wood is thinned wood. 蒸煮缶中、6気圧以下の圧力下、160℃以下の温度条件で、180分以内蒸煮を行う請求項第1項ないし第3項の何れかの項記載の家畜粗飼料の製造方法。The method for producing livestock rough feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the steaming is performed in a steaming can at a pressure of 6 atm or less and a temperature of 160 ° C or less for 180 minutes or less. 木材からのチップ原料を蒸煮し、この蒸煮物を擂り潰し、繊維状とすることにより得られる家畜粗飼料。Livestock rough feed obtained by steaming wood chips and crushing the steamed material into fibrous form. フルフラールの含量が2ppm以下である請求項第5項記載の家畜粗飼料。The livestock roughage according to claim 5, wherein the furfural content is 2 ppm or less.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012115263A (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-06-21 Miyazaki Midori Seiyaku Kk Fermentation floor material for chicken dropping treatment, method for producing the same, and method for treating chicken dropping using the same
RU2641729C1 (en) * 2017-01-12 2018-01-22 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Биотехника" Method of accelerated solid-phase fermentation of wastes of vegetable raw material for feed production
JP2020117684A (en) * 2019-01-18 2020-08-06 宮崎みどり製薬株式会社 Method for producing soil conditioner containing woody material as raw material and soil conditioning method
JP2021040606A (en) * 2019-09-06 2021-03-18 株式会社エース・クリーン Production method for livestock feed using forest resources, production apparatus for the livestock feed, and production plant for the livestock feed

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012115263A (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-06-21 Miyazaki Midori Seiyaku Kk Fermentation floor material for chicken dropping treatment, method for producing the same, and method for treating chicken dropping using the same
RU2641729C1 (en) * 2017-01-12 2018-01-22 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Биотехника" Method of accelerated solid-phase fermentation of wastes of vegetable raw material for feed production
JP2020117684A (en) * 2019-01-18 2020-08-06 宮崎みどり製薬株式会社 Method for producing soil conditioner containing woody material as raw material and soil conditioning method
JP6995386B2 (en) 2019-01-18 2022-01-14 宮崎みどり製薬株式会社 Manufacturing method and soil improvement method for soil improvement materials made from wood-based materials
JP2021040606A (en) * 2019-09-06 2021-03-18 株式会社エース・クリーン Production method for livestock feed using forest resources, production apparatus for the livestock feed, and production plant for the livestock feed

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