JP3999713B2 - Garbage disposal method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for treating garbage, and more particularly, to a method for fermenting and decomposing garbage with bacteria.

  As a method for treating garbage, in recent years, a method for fermenting and decomposing garbage with bacteria has been developed. According to this method, for example, the amount of petroleum fuel used can be reduced as compared with a method of incinerating raw garbage, and the treatment can be performed at low cost. Furthermore, since the product obtained by the decomposition process by fermentation can be used as compost, it attracts attention as a treatment method that can effectively use raw garbage as a resource (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  Here, various aerobic bacteria are generally used as fermentative bacteria for fermentative decomposition of raw garbage, but a large amount of moisture is contained in the leftover food, which occupies a large specific gravity among raw garbage from homes. For example, when fermenting and decomposing raw garbage containing a large amount of leftover food, the amount of water in the raw garbage is excessive, and fermentation by aerobic bacteria may not be performed satisfactorily. That is, when the amount of water in the garbage increases, the amount of oxygen supplied to the garbage decreases, which suppresses the growth of aerobic bacteria and promotes the growth of various anaerobic bacteria. When the growth of these anaerobic bacteria progresses, problems such as the generation of off-flavors in the fermented material fermented with garbage and the occurrence of off-flavors that cause insects to accumulate and the fertilizers to propagate on the fermented materials occur. For this reason, when decomposing | disassembling raw garbage by fermentation generally, in order to perform favorable fermentation, it is supposed that the moisture content in raw garbage needs to be kept low.

In order to adjust the moisture in the garbage, fiber materials such as sawdust are mixed in the garbage, and these fibers can absorb the moisture in the garbage. Since it takes a long time, the time required for the fermentation and decomposition of the whole raw garbage including the fiber material becomes long, and there is a problem that it is difficult to process a large amount of raw garbage in the same processing apparatus or processing space.
JP 2002-361214 A JP 2002-301449 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a garbage disposal method capable of quickly performing fermentation decomposition of garbage while suppressing generation of insects and off-flavors.

The method for treating garbage according to the present invention includes a step of making waste paper into small pieces to form small pieces of waste paper, and a step of mixing and fermenting the pieces of waste paper, nutrient sources, and fermentation bacteria, A waste paper fermentation process that reduces the mechanical strength of waste paper to produce a fermented waste paper that is almost entirely fermented and decomposed, and a fermented powder that combines fermented waste paper and raw waste to ferment and decompose raw waste and integrate it with fermented waste paper And a main fermentation process for obtaining a body.

The main fermentation process is a process comprising a mixing process for mechanically mixing the fermented waste paper and the raw garbage, and a post-fermentation process for fermenting the mixture obtained by the mixing process in the presence of air. Can do.

  The post-fermentation step is preferably performed while forcibly supplying air to the inside of the mixture.

The present fermentation process is preferably carried out at 50-70 ° C..

It is preferable that the nutrient source includes at least one selected from rice bran , edible waste oil , squeezed bean paste, dried bird droppings, and coffee grounds .

  The mixing step preferably includes a process of sieving the mixed mixture and returning the material remaining on the sieve back to the mixing step.

  The raw garbage may include fish bones and / or birds and bones.

  The mixing step is preferably performed by adding soil.

According to the method for treating garbage of the present invention, in the main fermentation process, the fermented waste paper is mixed with the fermented waste paper and fermented and decomposed, whereby the moisture in the raw garbage is absorbed by the fermented waste paper . For this reason, the water content of garbage can be adjusted to a desired water content by appropriately adjusting the amount of used fermented paper . As a result, it is possible to suppress the growth of bacteria other than fermenting bacteria such as anaerobic bacteria while promoting the growth of fermenting bacteria, and it is possible to perform fermentation decomposition of garbage while suppressing the generation of insects and off-flavors. .

In addition, since the waste paper is previously fermented with a fermenting fungus to reduce the mechanical strength, it is already decomposed when subjected to the main fermentation process. Therefore, the fermentation process is performed quickly despite the use of waste paper .

The processing method of the garbage of this invention has a used paper fermentation process and a main fermentation process.

Among these, the waste paper fermentation process is a process of making fermented waste paper that is fermented and decomposed by fermenting the waste paper with fermenting bacteria to reduce the mechanical strength. This waste paper fermentation process can be performed by adding water according to the water content of the waste paper used.

As waste paper used in the waste paper fermentation process , especially waste paper such as newspaper is particularly preferred because it can be obtained easily and inexpensively, absorbs moisture well, and is relatively easily decomposed by fermentation bacteria. .

As a fermenting bacterium, it is an aerobic bacterium, and one or a plurality of those usually used for the decomposition of garbage such as yeast and actinomycete can be selected and used. As described above, since the used paper is decomposed by the fermenting bacteria, at least one kind of bacteria capable of reducing the mechanical strength of the used paper is included.

In addition, what was prepared beforehand by culturing the fungal group which consists of desired microbe or several types of microbe can also be used for this fermenting microbe. However, for example, since the fermentation bacteria increases the space by performing the paper fermentation step described above with a constant space, when performing re-used paper fermentation step in the same space, without separately preparing a fermentation bacteria used paper Is fermented by fermenting bacteria in the space and becomes fermented waste paper .

This waste paper fermentation process is composed of a process including a step of making waste paper into pieces, and a step of mixing and fermenting the obtained pieces of waste paper , nutrients, and fermentation bacteria .

By the paper in the form of small pieces to increase the surface area per volume of waste paper, it is possible to easily contact the paper with the fermenters, to facilitate the fermentation of waste paper by the fermenting bacteria. And by mixing small pieces of waste paper and fermenting bacteria and fermenting the waste paper and the fermenting bacteria in a uniformly mixed state, the waste paper and the fermenting bacteria can be contacted more uniformly, and the fermentation of the waste paper Degradation can be further promoted.

Here, the fermentative decomposition of the waste paper by the fermenting bacteria is further promoted by further adding a nutrient source to the small pieces of waste paper and the fermenting bacteria. That is, waste paper generally contains a large amount of carbon components such as starch and cellulose, and is mainly a carbon source when fermenting bacteria grow. On the other hand, since nitrogen components such as proteins are generally not included so much, depending on the type of used paper , a nitrogen source may be insufficient for the growth of fermenting bacteria. In addition, depending on the type of fermenting bacteria, there are bacteria that are difficult to fermentatively decompose used paper . In this case, fermentation of used paper may be promoted by adding a carbon source separately. Therefore, as a nutrient source, a carbon source, a nitrogen source, or a carbon nitrogen source is preferably used. In particular, rice bran is easily and inexpensively available and is preferably used as a carbon nitrogen source. And waste edible oil can also be obtained easily and cheaply, and can be preferably used as a carbon source. In addition, for example, squeezed straw of beans such as okara, dried birds and animals feces, etc. can be used as a nitrogen source or a carbon nitrogen source.

In addition, the fermented waste paper obtained by these processes can also be used for the main fermentation process mentioned later as it is, or can be used for the main fermentation process after adjusting the dried water content.

The main fermentation process is a process of obtaining a fermented powder that is integrated with fermented waste paper by mixing fermented waste paper and raw waste and fermenting and decomposing the raw waste.

  Garbage can be used for plants, animals, and microorganisms, such as peels and slices of vegetables and fruits that appear when cooking food, fish bones and birds and animal bones, fish and birds and meat, and leftovers of cooked and provided foods. The derived heated or non-heated material can be used.

In the fermentation process, by mixing the fermented waste paper and garbage as described above, with water contained in garbage is absorbed by the fermentation waste paper, fermentative bacteria contained in the fermentation waste paper is dispersed in the garbage. At this time, the fermented bacteria are grown using various components contained in the raw garbage as nutrient sources, whereby the raw garbage is fermented and decomposed, and a fermented body integrated with the fermented waste paper is generated. At this time, garbage is fermented decomposed by fermenting bacteria become powdery, fermentation waste paper mechanical strength in the above-described used paper fermentation process becomes brittle reduced versa becomes powdery. Therefore, the fermented material produced by fermenting and decomposing the garbage is integrated with the fermented waste paper and becomes powdery. In addition, integration here means that the powdered fermented material and the powdered fermented waste paper are integrated as a whole. That is, not only the individual fermented material that has been pulverized into pieces, but also integrated with each fermented waste paper that has also been in the form of fine pieces, for example, a powdered fermented material is a fermented powder. A state in which the fermented material is mixed with waste paper and mixed with fermented waste paper is also called a fermented material integrated with fermented waste paper .

The mixing of the fermented waste paper and the garbage can be performed by using a mixing device having a known structure, or can be manually performed by using a device such as a straw or a straw.

The processing method of the garbage of this invention makes the fermented waste paper absorb the water | moisture content in garbage so that the moisture content of a garbage may be adjusted to a desired moisture content by implementing a used paper fermentation process and a main fermentation process. While being able to perform fermentation decomposition, it is possible to perform fermentation decomposition of garbage with fermentation bacteria while suppressing the growth of bacteria other than fermentation bacteria such as anaerobic bacteria. Therefore, it becomes possible to perform the fermentation decomposition of garbage while suppressing the generation of off-flavors and insects. Furthermore, since the used paper is previously fermented with the fermenting bacteria in the used paper fermentation process, the mechanical strength of the used paper is reduced and provided to the main fermentation process. Therefore, it is not necessary to further decompose the used paper in the main fermentation process, and the fermentation process is performed quickly despite the moisture absorption using the used paper .

This main fermentation process can be composed of a mixing process and a post-fermentation process. The mixing step is a step of mechanically mixing fermented waste paper and garbage, and the post-fermentation step is a step of fermenting the mixture obtained in the mixing step in the presence of air.

Among these, in the mixing step, since the fermentation decomposition of the garbage proceeds while being mixed, the garbage and the fermented waste paper containing the fermenting bacteria are in uniform contact. Therefore, it becomes possible to perform the fermentation decomposition of garbage more rapidly than in the case where the fermentation is not performed while mixing.

  Here, in the conventional garbage disposal method, since it takes a very long time for the fermentation and decomposition of fish bones, animal bones, etc., it is considered extremely difficult to treat garbage containing fish bones, animal bones, etc. It was. However, according to the garbage processing method of the present invention, since the fermentation bacteria and the garbage are uniformly contacted by the mixing step as described above, it includes fish bones and birds and bones that have been conventionally difficult to be decomposed by fermentation. Even raw garbage can be rapidly fermented and decomposed. Furthermore, by providing a long mixing step, it is possible to rapidly ferment and decompose even garbage that contains a large amount of fish bones, animal bones, and the like. In addition, in the case where materials that are more easily fermented than fish bones or birds and bones, for example, peels or pieces of vegetables or fruits, are further contained in the garbage, fermented bacteria grow and the number of bacteria increases due to these easily fermented materials. Therefore, fermentative decomposition of materials that are difficult to be fermented and decomposed, such as fish bones and animal bones, caused by fermenting bacteria proceeds. Therefore, it is preferable that the raw garbage to be subjected to the main fermentation step includes a material that can be more easily fermented than fish bones and wildlife bones together with fish bones and wildlife bones.

  Moreover, the mixing frequency in this mixing process, the length of a mixing process, etc. can be suitably set with the kind of garbage. The higher the mixing frequency, the faster the fermentation decomposition, and the longer the mixing process, the more difficult the fermentation decomposition can be.

Furthermore, the mixing step is preferably a step including a process of sieving the mixed mixture and returning the material remaining on the sieve to the mixing step again. As described above, the mixing process proceeds satisfactorily garbage approached fermented decomposed by fermenting bacteria in powdered, fermentation waste paper mechanical strength in the above-described used paper fermentation process it becomes brittle reduced versa It approaches powder. Therefore, what passed through the sieve when the mixture mixed in the mixing step is sieved can be regarded as a portion where fermentation is progressing, and what remains on the sieve can be regarded as a portion where fermentation is not sufficient. For this reason, by passing the mixture through a sieve and returning the material remaining on the sieve to the mixing step again, only those that have not undergone favorable fermentation will be subjected to the mixing step again, so that the fermentation decomposition can be performed efficiently. Is possible.

Moreover, it is preferable that the mixing process is further performed by adding soil. When performing the mixing step by adding soil by the soil acts as a binder with respect to garbage and fermentation waste paper, small pieces of the surface of the garbage and fermentation waste paper is becoming powdery mixing process soil Coated. For this reason, they are prevented from adhering to each other, and a powdery mixture or a powdered fermented material can be easily obtained.

  The soil used here may contain fermenting bacteria or may not contain fermenting bacteria. For example, when soil containing no fermenting bacteria is added, a binder-like action is obtained by the soil as described above, and when soil containing fermenting bacteria is added, not only fermented paper-derived fermenting bacteria but also soil-derived Since the fermented garbage can also be fermented with the fermentative bacterium, the fermentation of the garbage can be performed more quickly and satisfactorily.

In the method for treating garbage according to the present invention, the main fermentation process can be composed of only the mixing process. In this case, the entire main fermentation process is performed while being mixed, and the fermentation decomposition is performed more rapidly. On the other hand, however, there is a problem that labor required for mixing and operation cost of the apparatus are increased in the mixing step. Therefore, after fermentation decomposition progresses to some extent by the mixing step, the mixture is subjected to a post-decomposition step, whereby the raw garbage can be decomposed at a relatively low cost. Furthermore, for example, when the mixing step is performed in the mixing device, the mixture is transferred from the mixing device to another fermenter or the like in a state where fermentation of the mixture of raw garbage and fermented waste paper has progressed to some extent, and then the mixing step is performed. New garbage and fermented waste paper can be mixed by the apparatus, and the fermentation decomposition process can be performed efficiently.

  The post-fermentation step is a step of fermenting the mixture obtained by being sufficiently mixed in the mixing step in the presence of air. In the post-fermentation step, the mixture obtained in the mixing step is further fermented, and almost all of the mixture is used as a fermented product. The post-fermentation step is preferably performed while forcibly supplying air into the mixture. As described above, since the fermentation bacteria used in the main fermentation process are aerobic bacteria, the fermentation bacteria are more easily grown by forcibly supplying air into the mixture, and the fermentation proceeds more. Because it does.

  Moreover, the process which sifts a mixture can also be implemented also in a post-fermentation process similarly to the mixing process mentioned above. In this case, only the mixture that has passed through the sieve can be used as a fermenter, and the mixture remaining on the sieve can be returned to the post-fermentation step again. Furthermore, only the mixture that has passed through the sieve can be collected and further fermented to obtain a fermented product. In this case, the fermented material is composed only of the fermented material having substantially the same degree of fermentation. For example, when the fermented material is used as compost, the quality can be made uniform.

  In the method for treating garbage according to the present invention, the main fermentation step is preferably performed at 50 to 70 ° C. When fermenting bacteria grows smoothly and fermentation of raw garbage proceeds, the fermented raw garbage generates heat at about 50 to 70 ° C. Since this temperature range is a temperature suitable for the growth of the fermenting bacteria, the growth of the fermenting bacteria is further promoted by the heat generation of the garbage, and the fermentation decomposition of the garbage by the fermentation bacteria is further promoted. Moreover, since the evaporation of water in the garbage progresses due to the heat generation of the garbage, the fermentation decomposition of the garbage by the fermenting bacteria becomes easier and the fermented material obtained by the fermentation decomposition has a water content. Becomes lower and powdered.

  If the temperature of the fermented garbage is less than this range, the main fermentation process is performed while heating to about 50 to 70 ° C., thereby promoting the growth of fermenting bacteria and promoting the fermentative decomposition of the garbage. Is done.

Hereinafter, the garbage disposal method of the present invention will be described in detail.

Example 1
A method for treating garbage in Example 1 of the present invention will be described below.
(1) Waste paper fermentation process (1-A) Cutting process 10 kg of waste paper was cut with a cutting machine to form small pieces of waste paper .

(1-B) About 6 kg of water and about 1 kg of rice bran as a nutrient source are added to and mixed with the entire amount of small pieces of waste paper formed in the pre-fermentation process cutting step, and a mixed fiber material composed of waste paper , water and rice bran is mixed. Obtained. At this time, waste cooking oil or coffee grounds can be added as a nutrient source.

The mixed fiber material was placed in a concrete fiber fermenter and allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 week. At this time, the fermenting bacteria in the space where the fiber fermenter was installed adhered to the mixed fiber material in the fiber fermenter and grew, and the fermentation of the used paper progressed. After 1 week, the mixed fiber material was mixed again and the whole was exposed to air, and water was further added according to the amount of water in the mixed fiber material, and the mixture was left at room temperature for 7 weeks. After 7 weeks, fermented waste paper in which almost the entire waste paper was fermented was obtained. The obtained fermented waste paper was shade-dried and dried to adjust the water content.
(2) Main fermentation step (2-A) About 30 kg of raw garbage and about 4 kg of mountain soil were added to 10 kg of dried fermented waste paper obtained in the fermentation step before the mixing step, and the mixture was mixed for about 7 hours with a mixing device. As raw garbage, the thing which contains the leftovers which consist mainly of vegetables, fruit rice, meat, etc., and does not contain a fish bone or a wild animal bone was used. The raw garbage contained 10 parts by weight of vegetables, 2 parts by weight of fruits, 15 parts by weight of cooked rice, and 3 parts by weight of other things (eg, livestock meat). The mountain soil used was one containing a lot of clay. In this mixing step, mixing was performed once every 1.5 minutes. After 7 hours, the resulting mixture became small pieces on the order of several millimeters.

(2-B) Post-fermentation step The mixture obtained in the mixing step was transferred to a post-fermentor and fermented for one week while supplying air to the inside of the mixture. At this time, the supply amount of air was appropriately adjusted according to the progress of fermentation. After 1 week, a fine strip-shaped pre-fermented product was obtained. The obtained pre-fermented material was passed through a sieve, and only the powdered pre-fermented material that passed through the sieve was placed in another fermenter and further fermented for 1 month. After 1 month, a fine powdery fermented body integrated with fermented waste paper was obtained. This fermented product was an odorless fine powder.

(Example 2)
The method for treating garbage in Example 2 is the same as that in Example 1 except for the type of garbage used in the main fermentation process. In the second embodiment, as the raw garbage, a mixture of 100 parts by weight of the same raw garbage as in Example 1 and 150 parts by weight of fish ara was used. This fish ara contains fish bone and fish meat, and 20 parts by weight of fish skeleton is contained in 100 parts by weight of fish ara. According to the method for treating garbage in this Example 2, although it is garbage containing fish bones that are usually difficult to be fermented and decomposed, it is odorless after the end of the post-fermentation step, as in the method of Example 1. A finely powdered fermented product was obtained.

(Component evaluation test)
The components of the fermented material produced by the treatment method of Example 1 and the fermented material produced by the method of Example 2 were analyzed. The results are shown in Table 1.

  From the results shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the fermented material obtained by fermenting and decomposing garbage by the treatment methods of Example 1 and Example 2 has properties suitable for compost.

Moreover, the fermented material obtained by the processing method of the garbage of Example 1 and Example 2 is in the form of odorless fine powder, and the fermentation progressed while the moisture of the garbage was absorbed by the fermented waste paper. There was also no off-flavor. In general, fish arabic fish including fish bones is difficult to be fermented and decomposed, and in order to fermentate and decompose raw garbage mixed with fish ara, it is necessary to previously cut the fish arabic into strips. However, according to the processing method of the garbage of Example 2 of the present invention, even if it is directly subjected to the main fermentation step without cutting the fish ara, it is possible to obtain a fermented material in the form of a fine powder after the end of the post-fermentation step. did it.

  Moreover, the obtained fermented material can be used as compost and can be effectively used as a resource.

Further, incineration of normal garbage requires a large amount of power to dry the garbage with a lot of moisture, but according to the method for treating garbage of the present invention, the moisture of the garbage is absorbed by the fermented waste paper. At the same time, it evaporates with the heat generated by fermentation. Therefore, a small amount of electric power is required for the garbage disposal method of the present invention, and the garbage disposal can be performed at a very low cost. For reference, the electricity bill required to process about 4100 kg of raw garbage (breakdown is about 1800 kg of cooked rice, vegetable and fruit waste, about 2000 kg of fish ara, about 300 kg of bird bones) with the method of processing garbage of the present invention. Is about 8500 yen.

  Furthermore, fermentation decomposition of raw garbage containing normal fish bones and animal bones requires a long period of time, but according to the method of treating garbage in Examples 1 and 2, the fermentation decomposition of garbage is about 5 weeks. The fermentation decomposition of raw garbage was carried out quickly.

Claims (8)

Reducing the mechanical strength of the waste paper, comprising a step of forming the waste paper into small pieces to form a small piece of waste paper, and a step of mixing and fermenting the small pieces of waste paper with nutrients and fermenting bacteria. Waste paper fermentation process to make fermented waste paper almost entirely fermented and decomposed ,
A method of treating garbage, comprising: a main fermentation step of mixing the fermented waste paper and raw garbage, fermenting and decomposing the raw garbage to obtain a powdered fermented body integrated with the fermented waste paper, and a fermentation process.   The main fermentation step comprises a mixing step of mechanically mixing the fermented waste paper and the garbage, and a post-fermentation step of fermenting the mixture obtained by the mixing step in the presence of air. The processing method of the garbage described in 2.   The method for treating garbage according to claim 2, wherein the post-fermentation step is performed while forcibly supplying air to the inside of the mixture.   The said main fermentation process is a processing method of the garbage of Claim 1 performed at 50-70 degreeC.   The method for treating garbage according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient source includes at least one selected from rice bran, edible waste oil, bean squeezed rice, dried bird and animal droppings, and coffee grounds.   The said mixing process is a processing method of the garbage of Claim 2 including the process which sifts through the said mixed mixture and returns the thing which remained on the sieve to the said mixing process again.   The said garbage is a processing method of the garbage of Claim 1 containing a fish bone and / or a wild animal bone.   The garbage disposal method according to claim 2, wherein the mixing step is further performed by adding soil.