JP4698705B2 - Fermented fertilizer containing an active ingredient of bamboo and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for producing a fertilizer containing fermented fertilizers containing active ingredients such as husk and young bamboo.

  In recent years, the treatment of organic waste has become a serious social problem. Organic matter such as food waste and livestock manure can be adequately dealt with by returning to farmland or decomposing natural resources when the amount is small, but it is a source of pollution when the amount is large. A great deal of money is spent.

When plant fibers (cellulose), which is a raw material for compost in a natural environment, are piled up, yeast and bacteria first grow, and amino acids, water, and CO ₂ are produced from protein and sugar, respectively. As this fermentation progresses, the piles of cellulose start to generate heat, promote the activity of actinomycetes and fungi, and the fiber is decomposed to become fertilizer. Annoying presence in the process of aging healthy compost is spoilage bacteria, and when these bad bacteria (anaerobic) are propagated, nitrous acid and sulfide substances are generated and an unpleasant odor is generated.

  Even in the compost production method for general garbage, aerobic filamentous fungi and bacteria are mainly active during the initial decomposition of readily degradable substances, and only a limited amount of high-temperature aerobic radiation is used during hemicellulose and cellulose decomposition. Hemicellulose is decomposed by bacteria to expose the cellulose. Since oxygen is actively absorbed at this time, an oxygen-deficient environment is created around it, and an anaerobic cellulose-degrading bacterium acts to make an enzyme cellulase that decomposes cellulose. When the decomposition of cellulose exceeds the peak, the fermentation temperature gradually decreases and the decomposition of lignin begins. Degradation of lignin is performed by extracellular enzymes produced by filamentous fungi, basidiomycetes, white wood decay fungi, and the like.

  As for the characteristic effects of bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria can digest ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans and various hydrocarbons generated in waste to eliminate malodorous sources and at the same time produce various effective amino acids such as proline and methionine. Lactic acid bacteria have the effect of preventing waste decay, and when actinomycetes and yeast are used, the microbiota of Gram-positive bacteria that suppress the action of harmful microorganisms will be formed. Etc. are well known.

  In this way, organic composting has been actively developed from the viewpoint of maintaining the natural environment and effectively utilizing resources, and various types of waste materials, types of microorganisms used for fermentation, production methods, etc. have been devised. ing. For example, Patent Document 1 includes the antagonistic value of bacteria, pH, sealed state, etc., Patent Document 2 includes filamentous fungi suitable for low-temperature environments, and Patent Document 3 includes rice husks, acetic acid-containing materials, and the like as additives. The idea is shown. As a microorganism culture solution, for example, as in Patent Document 4, a polymer is used as it is as a composting accelerator. In addition, there are many disclosures regarding vegetable materials, wood chips, animal droppings, and the like regarding organic raw materials.

  By the way, there are garbage that is generated in a small amount in ordinary households and garbage that is generated in a large amount in business establishments. Some of these food wastes are composted at the household or business unit level, or at the municipal level level, and become organic fertilizers.

  On the other hand, an example of organic waste that is generated in large quantities at business sites and is disposed of without an appropriate treatment method is shark skin. Kaki is a seasonal product, and a small portion is sold to general consumers with a skin that has been dug out, but most of it is in a boiled state where the skin has been removed at the establishment where the koji is boiled. Sold all year round. In business establishments that process boiled sea bream, a large amount of persimmon skin is generated at one time, so this persimmon skin treatment is a major problem.

  In the boiled and boiled processing plant, the parts that are not made into a product (in this specification, these are called crusts) are removed before and after boiled, and these are regarded as unnecessary items. It has been disposed of. A large amount of discarded husk has a large fermenting power and causes a rot odor. Moreover, since it is a seasonal thing, there also exists a problem that it cannot spend much expense for a disposal process, and it has not been performed conventionally as a fermented fertilizer with the large amount of husks which generate | occur | produce in the boiled water processing factory.

  In addition, due to the aging and labor shortage of the digging workers in recent years, it has been left without mining edible firewood, and then left until it becomes a parent bamboo without cutting the grown young bamboo. Sufficient bamboo groves have become prominent. Inadequate management of bamboo forests will lead to invasion of bamboo, reducing water retention, and damage to other trees such as adjacent cedar and cypress, resulting in the loss of beautiful mountains. There is a problem that cannot be relaxed from the surface.

  In order to solve these problems, the applicant of the present application is that the growth of fermentable substances such as kinetin and tyrosine, including gibberellin, which supports the tremendous growth of bamboo, and that the husk has a high exothermic fermentability. Based on the knowledge that composting with husk and young bamboo as the main raw material can be an effective fertilizer for plant growth along with waste countermeasures, A method for producing a fertilizer by mixing at least one useful microorganism with a compost raw material mainly composed of either one or both has been proposed (see Patent Document 5).

JP-A-5-170579 Japanese Patent No. 3485345 JP 2000-16889 A JP 2003-192794 A Japanese Patent No. 4073441

  According to the fermented fertilizer manufacturing method proposed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 5, composting using husks and young bamboo as the main raw material yields fermented fertilizers containing growth promoting substances contained in the husks and young bamboos. It has the effect of becoming an extremely effective fertilizer for promoting growth.

  By the way, the inventor of the present application subsequently developed a growth-promoting substance that promotes the growth of plants, such as sugars, minerals, etc. Although amino acids are included, it has been found that the growth promoting substance is decomposed to some extent and disappears by heat of 70 to 80 ° C. generated in the process of fermentation. On the other hand, the parent bamboo has a hard tissue, so that the fiber is not decomposed unless it is fermented for a predetermined period, and it cannot be used as compost.

  Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to make the growth promoting substance contained in the young bamboo and husk significantly contribute to the growth of the plant, simplify the composting process, and improve the function as a fertilizer.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a compost that has been fermented by adding useful microorganisms to a compost raw material that contains or does not contain bamboo chips pulverized from parent bamboo, and any one of compost that has been fermented naturally, A fermented fertilizer containing an active ingredient of bamboo, characterized in that a material obtained by pulverizing one or both of them is mixed. Here, we have the bamboo material to grow a "parent bamboo" has become hard, the "young bamboo," refers to the bamboo up before leaving the branches of bamboo. Moreover, since it is common that the material which grind | pulverized either one or both of a husk and the young bamboo contains many growth promotion substances, it is hereafter called "the young bamboo material" for convenience.

  In addition, the present invention adds a useful microorganism to a compost raw material that contains or does not contain bamboo chips pulverized from parent bamboo, and ferments it, or fertilizes the compost raw material spontaneously to produce compost, and either potato or wakatake A method for producing a fertilizer containing fermented fertilizer containing an active ingredient of bamboo, wherein the compost is mixed with one obtained by drying one or both of the young bamboo materials.

  Bamboo in the growing process is said to grow 1m a day. On the other hand, when it becomes an old bamboo of about 2 years, the growth stops, it does not grow in length and thickness, and it dies out in a few years, but the underground stem grows, and the straw grows from the underground stem every year. Growth-promoting substances that are the source of its growth are included in cocoons, husks and young bamboos. In the present invention, attention is paid to a growth promoting substance contained in husk and young bamboo, and it is intended to effectively use it as a fertilizer.

  In other words, the waste husk and wakatake are fermented because fermentative heat of 70 to 80 ° C. may partially decompose the growth promoting substances such as carbohydrates, minerals and amino acids. Crush it to make the young bamboo material. When fertilized on the ground in order to use this as a fertilizer, the growth promoting substance as described above in the young bamboo material effectively acts on the plant and promotes the growth of the plant together with the fertilizer component in the compost.

  By the way, there is an item “EC (electric conductivity)” as a standard for displaying the quality of compost. It is said that compost with high EC should be careful because it causes root bruising. According to the recommended quality standards of the JA Central Association, it is 5 mS (milli-Siemens) / cm or less (From Shunroro Fujiwara, “How to make and use compost, from principles to practice” published by the Rural and Mountain Fishing Village Society, March 2003, p40 -43). In the case of cow manure compost, it is 4-6 mS / cm, but when EC was measured for unfermented husk and crushed wakatake, an analysis result of 1.6 mS / cm was obtained. Even when mixed, it has been proven that the compost quality standards are fully met.

  On the other hand, the parent bamboo harvested when maintaining the abandoned bamboo forest contains substances that are not suitable as fertilizers, such as lignin and tannin, and contains a lot of fiber that is difficult to be decomposed, so it is fermented and composted. When mixing the compost and the above-mentioned young bamboo material and packing it into a fertilizer bag as a fertilizer fertilizer, the young bamboo material has a raw water content of 50-80% so that the young bamboo material does not ferment before fertilization. Is dried, pulverized to a length of about 1 to 2 mm, for example, 40% or less, preferably 30% or less, mixed with fertilizer, and packaged.

According to the present invention, a compost fertilized by adding useful microorganisms to a compost raw material or fermented naturally, and a dried bamboo material obtained by pulverizing either one or both of husk and young bamboo are mixed. By making it a fertilizer, it is possible to greatly contribute to the growth of the plant by the growth promoting substance contained in the young bamboo and husk, to simplify the composting process and to improve the function as a fertilizer.
In addition, parent bamboo that cannot be used as fertilizer as it is is used as a raw material for compost, so that it is possible to effectively use industrial waste, and effectively use parent bamboo that is generated when preparing abandoned bamboo forests as a fertilizer material that promotes plant growth. And the generation of carbon dioxide that causes global warming can be suppressed.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
The greatest feature of the present invention is that either one or both of the husk and the young bamboo are dried without fermentation and crushed to a length of about 1 to 2 mm as a young bamboo material. It is to use the parent bamboo to be cut as one of the moisture control material and compost material.

  Here, the young bamboo refers to the bamboo in the growth process before becoming the parent bamboo, and it was not edible because it was not dug as an edible firewood. It was until before the bamboo branch appeared. . Speaking of the most common sect of bamboo in Japan, it is different depending on where it grows, but it usually has a height of about 1 to 4 meters (about 1 week to 1 month from the surface). A parent bamboo is a bamboo that has grown further and usually has become harder after 1 year. Bamboo up to about 1st year does not function as a parent bamboo, and the bamboo quality is soft, so it may be classified as a young bamboo. Sometimes. In this way, the classification method is not fixed, and is often called from the properties of bamboo.

  As the compost raw material, in addition to the parent bamboo, vegetable waste, food pomace, food waste, rice husk, vegetation and other organic materials can be used. Moreover, you may add the substance as fertilizer components, such as a shell, bone meal, and fishery processing waste, as needed. It is possible to select the most suitable microorganism among the useful microorganisms to be mixed, particularly the fermentation method most suitable for the compost raw material.

  The useful microorganism may be any microorganism that does not contain harmful substances and exhibits activity in the fermentation process. The useful microorganism actually used is a useful microorganism in which an anaerobic microorganism and an aerobic microorganism coexist, and preferably contains any one or more of actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts, and koji molds. Among these microorganisms, Streptomyces, Streptoverticillium, Nocardia, Micromonospora, Rhodococcus, Actinomyces, Corynebacterium as actinomycetes, Chlorobium, Chromatium, Chloroflexus, Rhodospirillum, Rhodobacter, Rhozobacter, Azotoacter, As Propionibacterium, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Leunostoc, As filamentous fungi Aspergillus, Mucor, Trichodema, As belonging to yeast Pichia, Saccharomyces, Candida, Bacteria as Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Celluribrio, Loss, It is desirable to select from among these.

Currently, a number of composting accelerators are sold as commercial products under the trade names such as EM, Thomas, Ores, Act TG, Scion, Byme Food, Uron C, NK-52, Cofna, Arseroun, Biofati, and Leewan. . However, these commercial products have various expressions such as useful microorganisms, gram positive, gram negative, aerobic, anaerobic, antagonistic, etc. regarding the content of the microorganisms that are the main components, and academic and quantitative expressions are sufficient. There are many things that are not.
In the present invention, since the main raw material of the compost raw material is specified as parent bamboo, it is possible to select the optimum microorganism for the environment in which the compost raw material is decomposed and fermented. In consideration of conditions such as air, temperature, and humidity for each of the above-mentioned microorganisms to exhibit activity, it is preferable to set the raw material processing conditions optimal for the decomposition fermentation of the compost raw material. For example, in general, when the pH is 5 or less and 10 or more, the reaction rate of composting is small, and therefore it is preferable to set the region close to neutrality.

  Furthermore, one or more of an auxiliary for promoting fermentation, a moisture adjusting agent, and a nutrient for microorganisms can be added to the compost raw material mainly composed of parent bamboo. Fermentation promoting aids that can be suitably used in the present invention include livestock dung, wood vinegar, and bamboo vinegar. Examples of moisture regulators include bamboo chips, wood chips, carbides, acetic acid or propionic acid-containing materials, and the like. A rice bran etc. are mentioned as a nutrient. Here, chicken manure or rice bran also serves as a supplement for nitrogen to help activate microorganisms, bamboo chips have water adjustment and deodorizing effects, and wood vinegar and bamboo vinegar are organic materials that are difficult to decompose in addition to adding fertilizer components. It softens the cell skin, prevents pH reduction, promotes fermentation, and decomposes malodorous substances.

An example of the fertilizer manufacturing process according to the present invention is shown below.
(1) 1st process Mixing useful microorganisms with compost raw material with about 60% water added to livestock dung and rice bran added to bamboo chips (about 3mm square crushed bamboo) from crushed bamboo And stir.
(2) Second step When the temperature of the compost floor rises to about 75 ° C., the same amount of husk as the first compost raw material is additionally mixed, and stirred back and forth. After about 1 day, the same amount of compost material is further mixed and stirred.
If the additional mixing of the compost raw material and the turn-back stirring are repeated a total of 4 times, the ratio of the parent bamboo in the compost floor becomes about 94%.
(3) Third step When the addition of the compost raw material is stopped, the temperature of the compost floor falls to about 45 ° C., and here, the mixture is stirred once a week. Repeat about 4 times.
(4) Fourth step The above compost floor is left at room temperature for about 1 month.
Through the above process, fermented fertilizer made from parent bamboo is made in about 2 months. Of course, this manufacturing process is an example, and the kind of parent bamboo as a raw material is not limited to 孟宗竹, and the mixing ratio of compost raw material, moisture of compost floor, temperature, pH, mixing stirring, air blowing, etc. By adjusting the conditions, the reaction rate and duration can be adjusted. In addition, this manufacturing process includes a mixing means and a means for performing reverse stirring, and further, if necessary, means for controlling and displaying the fermentation state such as moisture, temperature, air blowing, and deodorizing, raw material adjusting means, fermented fertilizer It can be carried out using a compost production apparatus equipped with sorting, weighing, packing means and the like.

  The compost raw material manufactured in the above process is A, and the ratio of B1 to B5 is a mixture of unfermented bamboo chips, birch, and young bamboo (all dried to a moisture content of 30% or less) And the degree of growth of color bell peppers was measured at the trunk circumference and height. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

B1: Bamboo compost + bamboo chip (10% by mass)
B2: Bamboo compost + bamboo chips (30% by mass)
B3: Bamboo compost + bamboo chip (20% by mass) + crust (10% by mass)
B4: Bamboo compost + bamboo chip (20% by mass) + crust (10% by mass) + Wakatake (10% by mass)
B5: Bamboo compost + husk (20% by mass) + Wakatake (20% by mass)

この結果を図１のグラフに示す。

The result is shown in the graph of FIG.

この結果を図２のグラフに示す。

The result is shown in the graph of FIG.

  From the above results, the fertilizer containing husk and young bamboo has better growth of trunk thickness and height than compost raw material A alone, and contains bamboo chips but no husk and young bamboo. , B2 was found to grow better than B2.

  In the above-mentioned example, fermented fermented microorganisms were used as compost, but fermented with microorganisms present in or attached to the compost raw material can also be used. . In the case of natural fermentation, compared to fermentation with useful microorganisms added, the fermentation rate is not stable, it is difficult to control fermentation, and there is a strong smell, but there is no problem as compost used in the present invention. Can be used.

  Table 1 shows the measurement results of a change in temperature, which is a barometer showing the state of fermentation when fermenting by adding useful microorganisms, compared to the case of natural fermentation.

  As shown in Table 3, in the case of natural fermentation, the progress of fermentation is slower than in the case of addition of useful microorganisms, but it should be used sufficiently as the compost of the present invention by performing work that assists fermentation, such as turning back the raw material. Can do.

  Since the present invention is made from non-fermented husk and young bamboo and fermented parent bamboo, the waste of the young bamboo and parent bamboo that accompanies the management of the husk and bamboo forest generated in the water boiled processing plant of firewood It can be used for processing and effective utilization.

It is a graph which shows the growth of a color bell pepper using the fertilizer containing the active ingredient of the bamboo of this invention as a measurement result of a trunk. It is a graph which shows the growth of the color pepper using the fermented fertilizer containing the active ingredient of the bamboo of this invention with the measurement result of height.

Claims (7)

Fermented fertilizer containing an active ingredient of bamboo characterized by mixing compost and dried material obtained by pulverizing either or both of the young bamboo, which is the bamboo before the bamboo bark and bamboo branches appear .   The fertilizer containing an active ingredient of bamboo according to claim 1, wherein the compost is fermented by adding useful microorganisms to a compost raw material.   The fertilizer containing an active ingredient of bamboo according to claim 1, wherein the compost is a natural fermented compost raw material.   The fertilizer containing an active ingredient of bamboo according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the compost raw material includes bamboo chips obtained by pulverizing a parent bamboo, which is a bamboo that has grown and becomes hard. Add useful microorganisms to the compost raw material, ferment it to produce compost, dry the material obtained by pulverizing either or both of the young bamboo, which is bamboo before the birch and bamboo branches come out, and the compost A method for producing fermented fertilizer containing an active ingredient of bamboo, characterized in that Compost is produced by naturally fermenting compost raw materials, and mixing the compost with the dried material obtained by pulverizing one or both of the young bamboo, which is bamboo before the bamboo branches and bamboo branches come out The manufacturing method of the fertilizer containing the active ingredient of the characteristic bamboo.   The method for producing a fertilizer containing fermented fertilizer according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the compost raw material includes bamboo chips obtained by pulverizing a parent bamboo, which is a bamboo that has been grown and hardened.

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