JP4799112B2 - Method for producing fungus bed for mushroom cultivation and fungus bed for mushroom cultivation - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fungus bed for mushroom cultivation used for artificial cultivation of edible or medicinal mushrooms and a method for producing the same.

  Conventionally, in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms, using broad-leaved wood such as strawberries and strawberries, they are chopped to a length of about 1 m, which is convenient for handling. Log cultivation has been used in which the mycelia such as shiitake mushrooms are stretched on the raw wood by being left under an artificial shade. In such log cultivation, mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms are generated on the log about 2 years later and can be harvested.

  However, instead of raw wood cultivation, the main fungus is hardwood sawdust (sawdust) in order to reduce the amount of work due to the aging of producers and shorten the cultivation period, etc. Bacteria bed cultivation using the floor has been carried out, and the production amount has also increased. For example, in the case of shiitake mushrooms, block-shaped or cylindrical media that are hardened by mixing hardwood sawdust (sawdust) such as persimmon and persimmon and a small amount of nutrients such as bran and sugar are used. Mushrooms are cultivated by placing a fungus bed mainly composed of wood chips in plastic bottles. Furthermore, a cultivation technique using a polyurethane foam using a wood material-modified polyol has also been reported (see Patent Document 1). Moreover, as a culture medium used for cultivation, a technique using bamboo is known in the case of Aglyx koji (see Patent Document 2).

  Examples of the fungus bed cultivation method for mushrooms using a fungus bed include, but are not limited to, bag cultivation, bottle cultivation, and box cultivation. Regarding the cultivation process, for example, in the case of bag cultivation, it undergoes the steps of medium preparation, bagging, sterilization, inoculation, culture, ripening, generation, and harvesting.

The culture medium preparation refers to a step of metering and mixing various base materials used for fungus bed cultivation to adjust moisture. The water content is suitably 55 to 65%.
Bagging refers to a process in which the prepared medium is solidified into a cylindrical shape of 1.2 kg to 2.5 kg, a hole of about 2 to 2.5 cm is formed in the center, and the bag is packed in a bag made of polypropylene or the like with a filter.
Sterilization is a process of killing all microorganisms in the medium with steam, and is performed at 120 to 125 ° C. for 15 to 30 minutes, for example.
Inoculation is a process of inoculating inoculated bacteria in a medium that has been allowed to cool. For example, it is appropriate to aseptically inoculate 30-50 ml per bag of shiitake bacteria cultured in a medium at 23-25 ° C for 2-3 weeks. is there. The culture medium inoculated with the liquid inoculum obtained in the above step can be cultured at 23 to 25 ° C. for 20 to 30 days, and the whole culture medium infested with shiitake mycelium can be used as a solid inoculum, for example, It is appropriate to aseptically inoculate 10-20 g per bag.

Cultivation is a process of spreading mycelia in an inoculated culture medium at 20 to 23 ° C. and a humidity of 65 to 75%, and is performed for about 3 months.
Aging is a process having a primordial formation ability by absorbing the nutrients in the culture medium and accumulating in the mycelium, which is preferably performed for 20 to 30 days.
Occurrence is a process of forming a fruiting body primordium and further forming a mature fruiting body from the fruiting body primordium, under conditions of a temperature of 15 to 17 ° C., a humidity of 90 to 95%, and an illuminance of 500 to 1000 lux. ~ 14 days. For outbreak, it is better to remove the culture medium from the bag to expose the surface, and perform 10-dispersed water. In addition, in the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, there are 2-3 fruiting body peaks during the period of 90 to 180 days, and it is appropriate to harvest each.

JP 2004-65195 A JP 2004-173615 A

  Conventionally used fungus beds have difficulty in obtaining raw materials, and the fungus beds must be replaced every time in a mushroom cultivation cycle of about 2 months, and become a waste after industrial cultivation. Yes.

In addition, the agaric cocoon medium described in Patent Document 2 uses bamboo as a raw material, preferably raw bamboo, but does not use husks, and only describes a small amount of examples. .
Here, the crust will be described. Kaki is a seasonal product, and a small portion is sold to general consumers with a skin that has been dug out, but most of it is in a boiled state where the skin has been removed at the establishment where the koji is boiled. Sold all year round. In business establishments that process boiled sea bream, a large amount of persimmon skin is generated at one time, so this persimmon skin treatment is a major problem.

  In the boiled and boiled processing plant, the parts that are not considered to be commodities such as boiled skin, ear tips and roots are removed before and after the boiled water (generally referred to as crusted skin in this specification), and these are discarded as unnecessary items. It has been disposed of. A large amount of discarded husks have a greater fermenting power than raw bamboo and cause a rot odor, which is a problem. In addition, since it is seasonal, there is a problem that it is not possible to spend a lot of money on disposal, and it has been a conventional practice to dispose of a large amount of husk generated at the boiled simmering processing plant by fermentation. I have not been told.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a fungus bed for cultivating mushrooms that can significantly promote the growth of edible or medicinal mushrooms using compost mainly composed of bamboo, and industrial waste after use The aim is to provide a fungus bed for mushroom cultivation that can be returned to the soil as compost, and to treat and effectively utilize the waste of the crust.

  The inventors of the present invention have solved the above problems by applying the results of research on the method of producing compost using bamboo for many years to the mushroom fungus bed. The present inventors have found that husks are highly fermentable and husks and bamboos (especially young bamboos) contain growth-promoting substances such as gibberellin, kinetin, and tyrosine that support the tremendous growth of bamboo. Therefore, the present invention has been completed based on the knowledge that composting with husks and young bamboo as the main raw material can be an effective fungus bed for mushroom growth in combination with waste countermeasures.

  That is, the present invention is a method for producing a fungus bed for cultivating mushrooms characterized by including a fermentation step in which useful microorganisms are mixed and fermented with compost raw materials mainly composed of either husk or bamboo or both. is there. Here, the useful microorganisms may include at least one selected from actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, filamentous fungi, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and koji molds. Moreover, it is desirable that the fermentation step further includes a step of adding at least one selected from a fermentation promoting aid, a moisture adjusting agent, and a microbial nutrient to the compost raw material. Here, in the fermentation process, at least one selected from wood chips, grain scraps, grain straws, sugar cane residue, and okara can be added to the compost raw material.

  In addition, the method for producing a fungus bed for mushroom cultivation according to the present invention comprises adding a useful microorganism to a compost raw material mainly comprising either husk or bamboo, or a fermentation promoting aid and a moisture adjusting agent. First step of adding at least one of microbial nutrients, mixing and stirring, second step of repeating the additional mixing and turning stirring of the compost raw material several times, and stopping the addition of the compost raw material It can also be set as the manufacturing method including the 3rd process which carries out switching stirring, and the 4th process left to stand at normal temperature after that. Here, without separating the first step from the third step, the compost raw material may be blended at a predetermined ratio from the beginning, and the stirring may be performed a plurality of times.

  In any of the above production methods, in order to exert the effect of the bamboo component as a nutrient that promotes the growth of mushrooms, when the bamboo is divided into a young bamboo and a parent bamboo, The ratio of one or both of the young bamboos is 5% or more, desirably 20% or more, and the ratio of parent bamboo added is 40% or more. In terms of being able to dispose of the fungus bed after use as it is, it is better to have a large proportion of bamboo and a small amount of wood components containing a lot of lignin. Furthermore, it is desirable that the ratio of either one or both of crust and bamboo in the fungus bed as the final product is 20% or more. The ratio means mass%, and the same shall apply hereinafter.

  The feature of the present invention is that at least one useful microorganism selected from actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, filamentous fungi, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and koji molds is added to compost raw materials mainly composed of either husks or bamboo. And, if necessary, to produce a fungus bed for mushroom cultivation that includes a fermentation process in which at least one selected from an auxiliary for promoting fermentation, a moisture adjusting agent, and a nutrient for microorganisms is added, mixed and fermented is there. As a result, if fermented with compost made from husk and bamboo (preferably young bamboo) and composted, it becomes a fungus bed for growing mushrooms containing growth-promoting substances contained in husk and wakatake. It becomes a very effective fungus bed for promoting the growth of plants. Moreover, the working efficiency and cultivation efficiency of mushroom cultivation can be improved.

When husk is used as the main raw material, it can be used as a fungus bed for mushroom cultivation at low cost without disposing of husk generated in the boiled water processing plant as industrial waste at low cost. In addition to solving waste disposal problems in processing plants, it is possible to effectively utilize husks.
In addition, when bamboo (preferably young bamboo) is added to the husk as the main ingredient, the growth-promoting substance contained in the young bamboo has the effect of compensating for the decrease in the growth-promoting substance in the husk by boiling in water. is there.

  The production of firewood and the cutting of young bamboo are limited seasonally, but the annual operation as a fertilizer production line can be achieved by using the husk and young bamboo as raw materials for composting while preserving boiled firewood and harvested young bamboo. Can be possible. In general, in the boiled water processing factory, the persimmon mined in early spring is boiled and stored in large-capacity cans, which can be opened as necessary to produce processed packed products. Is going. In this processing pack packing process, a new crust that is unnecessary is generated each time, and can be used as a fungus bed material. Moreover, the crusts removed in advance can be stored in a dry state and used sequentially. In addition, the harvested young bamboo can be stored in a silo or the like while securing the initial state, and can be used sequentially. In terms of labor, digging firewood is a short work day and heavy labor, while cutting young bamboo is light work and has a sufficient work period, so it has the effect of making bamboo forest management easier.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The greatest feature of the present invention is that either one or both of husk and bamboo is used as the main raw material for compost. A preferable ratio of either one or both of bark and young bamboo is 5% or more, desirably 20% or more, and 40% or more when parent bamboo is added. Thereby, the effect of the bamboo component as a nutrient which promotes the growth of mushrooms can be exhibited. Moreover, it is better that the ratio of bamboo is large and the amount of woody components containing a large amount of lignin is small in that the fungus bed after use can be discarded directly into the soil.

  As the mushrooms in the present invention, various edible or medicinal products are used regardless of the types of fungi such as basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, shiitake mushrooms, semi-bamboo shoots, shimeji mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, maitake mushrooms, enokitake mushrooms, mushrooms, scallops, garlic mushrooms, mushrooms, eryngii, etc. Examples include mushrooms. Naturally, the cultivation conditions differ depending on the type of mushrooms to be cultivated, but factors that affect the growth of mycelia include temperature, humidity, light, aeration, pH, nutrient sources, and the like. In addition, there are various cultivation methods such as bagging, bottling, and molded bacterial bed.

  Moreover, as compost raw materials other than husk and bamboo, a small amount of organic raw materials such as vegetable waste, food squeezed rice cake, food waste, rice husk, vegetation and the like can be used. Moreover, you may add the substance as fertilizer components, such as a shell, bone meal, and fishery processing waste, as needed. By using 50% or more of the compost raw material as the so-called bamboo component of husk and bamboo, it can be differentiated from fermented fertilizer using compost raw material other than other bamboo components, and it is safe from the point of traceability. It becomes a fungus bed for mushroom cultivation. It is also possible to select an optimal fermentation method for compost raw materials, particularly an optimal microorganism among useful microorganisms to be mixed.

  Here, bamboo is roughly divided into young bamboo and parent bamboo. Wakatake refers to bamboo that was in the process of growth before it became a parent bamboo, and it was not edible because it was not dug as an edible mushroom, and the bamboo quality until the first grade was soft. In addition, a bamboo that is harder than about 2nd grade is called a parent bamboo. In this way, the classification method is not fixed, and is often called from the properties of bamboo.

  The useful microorganism used in the present invention may be any microorganism that does not contain harmful substances and exhibits activity in the fermentation process. For example, in a composition containing a large amount of husk as the main raw material, fermentation starts early and rises to about 75 ° C., and when turning back stirring is insufficient, it drops to about 45 ° C. Therefore, mainly thermophilic aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria It is desirable to use a combination of two or more microorganisms including

  The useful microorganism actually used is a useful microorganism in which an anaerobic microorganism and an aerobic microorganism coexist, and preferably contains at least one selected from actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts, and koji molds. . Among these microorganisms, Streptomyces, Streptoverticillium, Nocardia, Micromonospora, Rhodococcus, Actinomyces, Corynebacterium as actinomycetes, Chlorobium, Chromatium, Chloroflexus, Rhodospirillum, Rhodobacter, Rhozobacter, Azotoacter, As Propionibacterium, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Leunostoc, As filamentous fungi Aspergillus, Mucor, Trichodema, As belonging to yeast Pichia, Saccharomyces, Candida, Bacteria as Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Celluribrio, Loss, It is desirable to select from among these.

  Currently, a number of composting accelerators are sold as commercial products under the trade names such as EM, Thomas, Ores, Act TG, Scion, Byme Food, Uron C, NK-52, Cofna, Arseroun, Biofati, and Leewan. . However, these commercial products have various expressions such as useful microorganisms, gram positive, gram negative, aerobic, anaerobic, antagonistic, etc. regarding the content of the microorganisms that are the main components, and academic and quantitative expressions are sufficient. There are many things that are not. In the present invention, since the main raw material of compost raw material is specified as husk and bamboo (especially young bamboo), it is possible to select an optimal microorganism for the environment in which the compost raw material is decomposed and fermented. In consideration of conditions such as air, temperature, and humidity for each of the above-mentioned microorganisms to exhibit activity, it is preferable to set the raw material processing conditions optimal for the decomposition fermentation of the compost raw material. For example, in general, when the pH is 5 or less and 10 or more, the reaction rate of composting is small, and therefore it is preferable to set the region close to neutrality.

Furthermore, at least one or more selected from an auxiliary for promoting fermentation, a moisture adjusting agent, and a nutrient for microorganisms can be added to compost raw materials mainly composed of husk and bamboo as well as useful microorganisms. Fermentation promoting aids that can be suitably used in the present invention include livestock dung, wood vinegar, and bamboo vinegar. Examples of moisture regulators include bamboo strips, wood chips, carbides, acetic acid or propionic acid-containing materials, and microorganisms. Examples of such nutrients include rice bran and the like, and the same effect can be obtained by adding at least one selected from wood chips, grain scraps, grain straws, sugar cane residue, and okara.
Here, chicken manure, rice bran, and okara also help rejuvenate microorganisms by supplementing nitrogen content, bamboo strips have moisture adjustment and deodorizing effects, and wood vinegar and bamboo vinegar can be used in addition to adding fertilizer ingredients Softens the cell skin of persistent organic matter, prevents pH drop, promotes fermentation, and decomposes malodorous substances.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with Example 1 of bottled cultivation of enoki mushrooms, but this is merely an example and does not limit the present invention, and changes are made without departing from the scope of the present invention. You may let them. Hereinafter, a comparative test was performed for the comparative example used as a control in the prior art and the blending example of the present invention (Table 1), and the steps were as follows.
(1) A fungus bed (Comparative Examples and Formulation Examples 1 to 15 (Table 1)) is filled into a plastic wide-mouth bottle (bore diameter: about 20 cm, height: about 30 cm).
(2) Sterilize at high temperature and plant and plant Enoki fungus.
(3) Incubate in a cool dark place at 18 ° C for about 1 month (white fungus grows to the bottom of the bottle).
(4) In about one month, enoki grows about 15 cm onto the bottle and collects it.

Here, the said microbial bed is demonstrated. In the comparative example, a mixture of 85% wood chips, 5% rice bran and 10% corn chips was used as a fungus bed in order to obtain a conventional enoki mushroom bottling cultivation method.
Moreover, in an Example, the compost raw material of the compounding example shown in Table 2 is mixed, and what was fermented for about 1 to 2 weeks (henceforth, bamboo chip (refer Table 1)) is obtained. And what mixed wood chip | tip (wood waste) and the rice bran with the mixture ratio shown in Table 1 to this bamboo chip | tip was used as a fungus bed.

  Here, the bamboo chip will be described. Useful microorganisms are added to compost raw materials mainly composed of either husk or bamboo (preferably young bamboo), and at least one of a fermentation promoting aid, a water conditioner and a microorganism nutrient is added. A first step of mixing and stirring, a second step of repeating the additional mixing of the compost raw material and switching back a plurality of times thereafter, a third step of stopping the addition of the composting raw material and performing switching back stirring, Thereafter, it is manufactured by a manufacturing method including a fourth step that is allowed to stand at room temperature.

The manufacturing process of the bamboo chip will be described in more detail. 650 kg of husks, 240 kg of chicken manure, 360 kg of bamboo strips and 36 kg of rice bran were used as composting raw materials for 2 to 3 days after boiled in boiled water. 14 kg (1 × 10 ⁸ cells / g) of microorganisms to be mixed were mixed and stirred.

After about 2 days, the temperature of the compost floor rose to about 75 ° C. Therefore, 650 kg of husk of the same amount as that of the first husk was further mixed and stirred back. Although the temperature of the compost bed falls to about 45 ° C., the temperature rises again as fermentation by turning over proceeds. One day later, the same amount of 1300 kg of husk as the compost floor husk was further mixed and stirred back. Further, 1600 days later, 2600 kg of husk of the same amount as that of the compost floor was further mixed and stirred back. Further, one day later, the same amount of 5200 kg of the composition shown in Table 2 (comprising husk, young bamboo, parent bamboo, rice bran, and microorganism) in the same amount as the compost floor husk was mixed and stirred back. The ratio of the husks in the total amount of compost floor by the additional mixing of the above four husks etc. varies depending on the blending ratio in Table 2, but is about 88% to 94%, mainly husks. Get compost. Considering the bamboo strips introduced in the early stage, the total share of the husk and bamboo (young bamboo + parent bamboo) in the compost floor is about 97%. Therefore, it is considered that the content of the readily decomposable components in the bamboo compost floor, which is relatively slowly decomposed, is close to 100%.
Here, the raw materials are blended from the beginning so that the blending ratio shown in Table 2 is obtained, and the mixture is stirred back as necessary (mixed once a day for several days, once a week after a week has passed) Degree) can also be taken.

注：配合例１５においては、木質チップの他に穀物屑を添加したものを「木質チップ」と称して試験を行った。 Next, the fungus bed composition will be described.
As shown in Table 1, the bacterial composition was produced by changing the blending composition (mass%) to obtain blending examples 1 to 4 and blending example 15. The compost raw materials to be bamboo chips of these blending examples were blended compositions (mass%) of blending examples 1 to 4 and blending example 15 in Table 2.
Moreover, about the blending examples 5-14, it is set as the same blending composition (mass%) as the blending example 3, the composition of the compost raw material used as a bamboo chip is changed, and the blending composition (mass%) of the blending examples 5-14 of Table 2 and did.

Note: In Formulation Example 15, a test in which grain chips were added in addition to the wood chips was referred to as “wood chips”.

The results of mushroom cultivation show that the growth of the fungus is not inferior to the comparative example of the conventional wood chip fungus bed. When placed for about 1 month, white fungus spreads to the bottom of the bottle, and then the enoki mushroom is about 1 month later. A good yield was obtained after growing about 15 cm upward.
The yield was slightly lower in Formulation Example 1 than in Comparative Example, equal in Formulation Example 2, and equal or greater in Formulation Examples 3 and 4. As for the growth and yield trends, mushroom fungi grow faster when semi-aged (semi-fermented state) is more mature than half-ripe compared to parent bamboo as a kind of bamboo. Showed a trend. In addition, the period until collection can be shortened by changing compost components, temperature and humidity, switching conditions, and the like.
As mentioned above, it becomes a high quality mushroom cultivation fungus bed by making 40% or more of bamboo chips in the fungus bed (skin, wakatake, parent bamboo as compost raw materials) and a ripening period of 7-10 days.

  Here, the minimum required amount of husk and bamboo in the raw material compost will be described. In Formulation Example 15, the test was performed with 40% bamboo chips in the fungus bed for mushroom cultivation, 5% young bamboo, 55% parent bamboo, and 20% other (cereal vegetable waste) as compost raw materials. As a result, the growth of mushrooms was good. Therefore, if the ratio of one or both of husk and bamboo in the compost raw material is 5% or more and the ratio of parent bamboo added is 40% or more, it is effective as a fungus bed for mushroom cultivation. And the sum total of a husk, a young bamboo, and a parent bamboo in the fungus bed for mushroom cultivation at this time will be 24%. That is, in the fungus bed for mushroom cultivation, it is desirable that the ratio of either one or both of crust and bamboo is 20% or more. In Formulation Example 15, it is considered that a high-quality fungus bed can be formed even if the young bamboo is replaced with a husk.

In addition, the conventional woody fungal bed needs to be drained with water, and is discarded after being cultivated once. However, since a lot of lignin is produced, it cannot be discarded as it is. However, the fungus bed for mushroom cultivation of the present invention can solve such problems. Of course, it can be solved by using a composition containing a small amount of wood.
The fungus bed of the present invention can be easily removed from the bottle, for example, if vibration is applied, and can be used as compost in the field as it is.

  In addition, different types of mushrooms were used to inoculate and cultivate Hakata bean shimeji (temperature 15 ° C., humidity 90%), shiitake mushroom (at 23 ° C.), maitake and eringgi. As a result, the mycelium stably spread and grew, and good quality mushrooms were obtained.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the manufacturing process of the bamboo chip in Example 1 described above, instead of the husk (650 kg), the blending amount of the husk, the young bamboo, and the parent bamboo was appropriately adjusted to produce as follows. A mixing | blending ratio changes with manufacturing time (The availability of a crust and a young bamboo changes with time), It can manufacture by adjusting a ripening period by it. For example, as an example in which the husk is not used, it can be manufactured by the following process, but is not limited thereto.

That is, 650 kg of total amount (hereinafter referred to as “bamboo total”) composed of husk, young bamboo, and parent bamboo, 240 kg of chicken manure, and 36 kg of rice bran were used as compost raw materials. Here, the total bamboo was mixed so as to be bamboo mixing examples 1 to 4 in Table 3, and four types of test sections were obtained. In addition, each ratio of the total bamboo is based on the blending ratio of the husk, the young bamboo, and the parent bamboo in the blending examples 6, 8, 10, and 12 in Table 2, and the bamboo blending example (kg) and its It was set as a percentage (%).

In each of these bamboo mixing examples 1 to 4, 14 kg (1 × 10 ⁸ / g) of microorganisms mainly composed of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhodobacter, Streptomyces, Pichia, Saccharomycopsis, and Aspergillus are mixed and stirred. In about 2 days (depending on the mixing ratio), the temperature of the compost floor in each section rises to about 75 ° C. Therefore, 650 kg of the same amount of bamboo as the first bamboo total (bamboo mixing examples 1 to 4) is added to each test section. The mixture was further mixed and stirred back. Although the temperature of the compost floor in each section falls to about 45 ° C., the temperature rises again as fermentation by turning over proceeds. In the subsequent work, the bamboo total is sequentially added in the same manner as in Example 1, but they are mixed so that the ratio of the crust, the young bamboo, and the parent bamboo is constant in each test section. That is, one day later, 1300 kg of bamboo in the same amount as the bamboo in the compost floor of each ward (twice the amount of the bamboo mixing example in Table 3) was additionally mixed and stirred back and forth for each ward. Further, one day later, 2600 kg of bamboo in the same amount as the total bamboo in each compost floor (four times the amount of the bamboo mixing example in Table 3) was additionally mixed for each section, and stirred back and forth. Furthermore, after one day, the blends of the blending examples 6, 8, 10, and 12 shown in Table 2 as a total bamboo of 5200 kg (8 times the amount of the bamboo mixture in Table 3) equal to the total amount of the bamboo in the compost floor of each district The mixture was further mixed and stirred back.

  Even when the compost (bamboo chips) produced in this way, especially bamboo chips with a low ratio of crusts, was used for the fungus bed, good quality mushrooms were obtained. Therefore, when a large amount of husks occurs, it is possible to produce a fungus bed using a large amount of husks, and when it is difficult to obtain crusts, a fungus bed mainly composed of bamboo (young bamboo, parent bamboo) is used. Since it can manufacture, a fungus bed can be manufactured, adjusting the compounding ratio of a raw material with time.

Next, as Example 3, a microorganism to be used will be described.
Indigenous bacteria collected and cultured by the following method (hereinafter referred to as bamboo indigenous bacteria) were used as microorganisms, and the same amount of chicken manure was added as a fermenting agent.
(1) Bamboo indigenous bacteria collection When bamboo is harvested in a bamboo forest (3-4 years old) at a height of about 15cm above the ground surface, nutrients are placed in a tube and placed for about 1 month. Collect this because it grows. Although not identified, it is considered to be a so-called aerobic microorganism. This is collected and cultured as a bamboo indigenous fungus on a seed bed.
(2) Cultivation of Bamboo Indigenous Bacteria A mixture of 6 l of rice bran and 30 ml of Bamboo Indigenous Bacteria is sprayed with an aqueous solution of 6 ml of black honey dissolved in 600 ml of lukewarm water to adjust the water content. Stir every few days (when the water is insufficient, adjust with the aqueous solution). If this is repeated, the bacteria spread in about one month, the temperature drops to room temperature, and the culture is completed. Then, dry and store to make the inoculum.
Using this indigenous bamboo as a microorganism in Table 2, tests were conducted in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2 in Formulation Examples 6, 8, 10, and 12 in Table 2. As a result, it became a good bamboo chip and a fungus bed for mushroom cultivation was obtained, and the growth of the mushroom was good.

Next, as Example 4, a manufacturing process of compost (bamboo chips) will be described.
In Example 4, compost was produced using the fermentation product (compost) produced in Example 1 and Example 2 as a microbial raw material (seed fungus) at the time of the next compost production. That is, once compost is produced according to Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention, the fermentation product is used as an inoculum for the subsequent production without passing through the production steps as in Examples 1 and 2. You can continue. In the present invention, in the formulation examples 6, 8, 10, and 12 shown in Table 2 with different formulation compositions, the compost produced using the useful microorganisms of Examples 1 and 2 was used as a seed fungus. As a result, the growth of mushrooms was good. In this case, strictly speaking, the ratio of nutritional components such as microorganisms and rice bran slightly varies from the initial value, and therefore, fermentation conditions such as raw material composition, temperature, humidity, and number of turnovers may be selected as necessary. .

  The manufacturing process of each of the above blending examples is an example in which compost raw materials are input in multiple stages, but different conditions may be advantageous from the amount of raw materials, line space, cost, and the like. Therefore, a mass production experiment of a total amount of 5.2 tons was conducted by a method in which all raw materials blended at a predetermined ratio from the beginning were charged. The raw material blending ratio is a blending example shown in Table 2, and the inoculum obtained in Example 3 or Example 4 was used as the microorganism. Separately from this, not all the raw materials were charged from the beginning, but an experiment was conducted in which the raw materials were charged three times at intervals of 3 hours in Formulation Example 8 in Table 2. As a result of turning back and stirring as necessary, a good quality bamboo chip was obtained, and as a result of using it as a fungus bed, the growth of mushrooms was good.

  Moreover, in this Example 1-5, when a wood chip | tip is finally mixed with fermented material (bamboo chip | tip) and used as a fungus bed for mushroom cultivation (Table 1), when a bamboo chip | tip itself can also be used. Conceivable. Moreover, since the growth of the mushroom was good even if the grain chips were used for the wood chips as shown in Formulation Example 15 in Table 1, it is considered that wood chips, grain scraps, food scraps and the like can also be used.

The present invention is a method of composting husks, young bamboos, and parent bamboos as main raw materials to make fungus beds for mushroom cultivation. It can be effectively used with waste treatment of Otake.

Claims (6)

Either or both of bamboo shoots skin and bamboo compost material as a main, saw including a fermentation step of fermenting a mixture of useful microorganisms, the bamboo is composed of a young bamboo and Shintake, bamboo shoots skin of the compost material A method for producing a fungus bed for cultivating mushrooms, characterized in that the proportion of either or both of the bamboo and the young bamboo is 5% or more, and the proportion of parent bamboo added is 40% or more .   The method for producing a fungus bed for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the useful microorganism is at least one selected from actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, filamentous fungi, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and koji molds.   The fungal bed for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fermentation step further includes a step of adding at least one selected from a fermentation promoting aid, a moisture adjusting agent, and a microbial nutrient to the compost raw material. Manufacturing method.   The said fermentation process further adds at least 1 sort (s) selected from a wood waste, a grain waste, a grain waste, sugarcane waste, and okara to the said compost raw material in any one of Claim 1 to 3 characterized by the above-mentioned. The manufacturing method of the fungus bed for mushroom cultivation of description. Useful microorganisms are added to compost raw materials mainly composed of either husks or bamboo, and at least one of an auxiliary for promoting fermentation, a water conditioner and a nutrient for microorganisms is added and mixed and stirred. The first step, the second step of repeating the additional mixing of the compost raw material and the turn-back stirring a plurality of times, the third step of stopping the addition of the compost raw material and performing the turn-back stirring, and then leaving at room temperature look including the fourth step, wherein the bamboo is composed of a young bamboo and Shintake, wherein is the proportion occupied by either of one or both of bamboo shoots skin and young bamboo compost in the raw material is 5% or more, further adding parent bamboo The manufacturing method of the fungus bed for mushroom cultivation whose ratio is 40% or more . A fungus bed for cultivating mushrooms produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the ratio of either one or both of crust and bamboo is 20% or more.