CN105474984A - Shiitake mushroom culture method - Google Patents
Shiitake mushroom culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105474984A CN105474984A CN201410482838.9A CN201410482838A CN105474984A CN 105474984 A CN105474984 A CN 105474984A CN 201410482838 A CN201410482838 A CN 201410482838A CN 105474984 A CN105474984 A CN 105474984A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a shiitake mushroom culture method and belongs to the cultivation techniques of edible mushrooms. Compost in the shiitake mushroom culture method provided by the invention comprises the components in parts by weight: 8-9 parts of fresh corn coatings and 3-4 parts of fresh corn stigma. The method comprises the steps of: simultaneously processing the fresh corn coatings and the fresh corn stigma by using smashing and kneading machine to respectively process the corn coatings into flexible filaments, cutting the corn stigma short and snapping the corn stigma, and fully mixing the two processed raw materials at the same time, wherein the water content of the compost is controlled at 66-71%; and after the compost is processed, using the compost for shiitake mushroom culture or filling the compost in a storer and compacting the compost in a storage room and hermetically storing the compost. By virtue of annual production of harmless shiitake mushrooms by using waste materials after processing of sweet corn, wastes are turned to wealth, resources are recycled, water resources can be saved, sewage discharge is reduced, the ecological environment is protected, the production cost is lowered, the product quality is enhanced, and the economical benefit is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fungus growing technique, particularly utilize the waste material of fresh and sweet corn processing (corn stigma, corn husk coat) to be made into cultivating champignon raw material, replace the method for waste cotton annually cultivating mushroom.
Background technology
The composts or fertilisers of cultivating mainly waste cotton of current production mushroom, traditional production model is in the middle of operating process, and the immersion having to pass through raw material is trampled, stack retting process.Want the water resource that loss is a large amount of in process of production; Many sewage can be produced affect environment stepping in cotton process; Because cotton is not food, the agricultural chemicals used in cotton culture process is more malicious, more, and therefore the persticide residue of waste cotton is higher; Cottonseed simultaneously containing some in waste cotton, cottonseed contains the free gossypol of trace, and gossypol is poisonous to human body, may produce adverse influence when quantity is many to human body; In addition, current cotton planting have employed many transformed varieties, uses the waste cotton mushroom culture of output thus may cause harmful effect to human body; Lentnus edodes insect pest (nematode, mushroom fly, mushroom mosquito and fly) is comparatively serious, Pesticide use does not have effective supervisory system, the phenomenon abusing, abuse agricultural chemicals often occurs, and cause mushroom product residue of pesticide often to exceed standard, mushroom product food-safety problem can not be guaranteed; The waste cotton cost of material applied in mushroom industry is too high, and inconvenience of drawing materials, and the overwhelming majority relies on the long-distance transport of cotton producing region to call in, and has a strong impact on the enthusiasm for production of mushroom specialist.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method for cultivating mushroom, utilize the waste material whole year production after processing of sweet corn without trouble evil mushroom, to reduce production cost; the quality of improving product, increases economic benefit, and using water wisely resource; reduce sewage discharge, preserve the ecological environment.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
Prepared by a, composts or fertilisers of cultivating
Processed by the fresh corn stigma grinding and wire kneading machine of the fresh corn clothing of 8 ~ 9 parts and 3 ~ 4 parts simultaneously, be processed into by corn clothing soft thread respectively, prescinded by corn stigma and break, the raw material after simultaneously processing two kinds fully mixes, and the moisture control of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is at 66-71%; After composts or fertilisers of cultivating machines, for cultivating champignon or put into reservoir, storage between compacting sealing preserve;
B, Compost ferment
When fermentation reactor system, lime consumption accounts for 4% ~ 7% of composts or fertilisers of cultivating consumption, turns over even during composting as far as possible, and the pH value of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 9, and water content is 66 ~ 71%, and the number of days of composting is 3 ~ 5 days, and the turning of every 2 ~ 3 days of period once;
C, enter room secondary fermentation
After Compost fermentation, before composts or fertilisers of cultivating enters room, mushroom bed application plastic film is rebasing, or rebasing with ventilative braiding adhesive plaster, composts or fertilisers of cultivating thickness 11 ~ 16cm; Material when composts or fertilisers of cultivating enters room on mushroom bed can not compacting; After composts or fertilisers of cultivating enters room, bed surface wants cover film, then carries out secondary fermentation, and during secondary fermentation, mushroom room temperature to 91 DEG C also keeps more than 11 hours;
D, sowing
After secondary fermentation, open the plastic film covered at charge level, open door and window to ventilate, Deng material in temperature drop to 41 DEG C, charge level temperature drop to 37 DEG C time, according to the seeding quantity of 0.33 ~ 0.36kg/mz, bacterial classification is sprinkling upon composts or fertilisers of cultivating surface equably, and then cover the plastic film originally opened, charge level temperature is controlled at 37 DEG C; Sow after 4 days and all opened by the plastic film covering charge level, the place shower nozzle that bedside and charge level are done is mended wet, to keep charge level moistening;
E, spray fruiting water
After planting the 5th day spray fruiting water, material moisture control, 81 ~ 86%, suitably ventilates after water spray, then shuts door and window and rise again, make the temperature in mushroom room be increased to 34 ~ 36 DEG C;
F, fruiting period management
Spray water and suitably increase illumination afterwards in one day, promote that the former base of mushroom fruiting body is formed, period, material temperature controlled at 34 ~ 37 DEG C, mushroom room relative air humidity controls 81 ~ 96%, and suitable moisturizing makes charge level moisten and not wet, the ventilation of mushroom room, avoid and allow wind directly blow bed surface, mushroom room keeps certain scattered beam, and illumination is 51 ~ 101LUX about, avoids sunshine shining directly mushroom bed;
G, adopt mushroom
Start picking head mushroom after 5 days, next day receives main damp mushroom, and mushroom plucks 4 ~ 5 times every day, is removed by the impurity of mushroom pin clean after gathering, and calibrate and packaging, the freezer putting into 16 DEG C is fresh-keeping;
H, expect room clearly
After room mushroom is all gathered, by composts or fertilisers of cultivating complete liquidation mushroom room, mushroom room and plastic film are washed with water totally for subsequent use.
Mechanism of the present invention is that mushroom originates in subtropical and tropical zones, it is a kind of S large edible fungus being typically Major Nutrient with fragrant fiber, can only decompose and utilize ready-made organic matter, wild mushroom is the saprophytic withered rotten bar leaf soil this plant fragrant usually.Artificial cultivation mushroom is simulation, creates good self-sow environment, utilizes composts or fertilisers of cultivating to cultivate.
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating must meet following nutritional condition:
(l) carbon source: Main Function forms cellular material and the energy required for the growth of supply mushroom growth.Mushroom is non-photosynthetic organism, carbonic acid gas and inorganic states carbon can not be utilized to be carbon source, organic carbon and carbohydrate can only be utilized, comprise the small organic molecules such as glucose, sucrose, maltose, and the macromolecule organic such as cellulose, hemicellulose and starch.Small organic molecule directly can be absorbed by mushroom mycelium, and the hydrolase (as cellulase, hemicellulase, amylase) that macromolecule organic must first be produced by mushroom mycelium could absorb after being degraded to the monose such as glucose.So can as the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of mushroom containing cellulosic multiple kinds of crops straw, as rice perfume, waste cotton, straw, bagasse, cotton seed hulls etc. all can be used to mushroom culture, current waste cotton be the most frequently used composts or fertilisers of cultivating.
(2) nitrogenous source: be the necessary material of synthesis mushroom cell protein.Mushroom mycelium absorbs effect poorly to inorganic nitrogen-sourced, can directly absorb Small molecular organic nitrogens such as amino acid, and the macromolecule organic nitrogens such as protein, could absorb after the protease must secreted by mushroom mycelium is decomposed into Small molecular organic nitrogen.
Whether the Carbon and nitrogen sources ratio of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is suitable, directly has influence on growing and output of mushroom.At growth period of hypha, C/N ratio (C/N) is advisable with 21:1, be advisable with 31-41:1 in sporophore growth phase C/N ratio (C/N), it is generally acknowledged and want point in vegetative growth phase C/N ratio, the ratio of nitrogen is slightly high is conducive to mycelial growth, and want a little bigger in generative growth phase C/N ratio, the slightly low formation being conducive to fruit body of ratio of nitrogen.Similar to general cereal, the too high levels of later stage nitrogen, will affect cereal fruit ear solid, and mushroom will cause over growth of hyphae, postpones fruiting, directly affects seed output and quality.Be below the C/N ratio (C/N) of several conventional composts or fertilisers of cultivating: the fragrant 73:1 of rice; Waste cotton 42:1; Straw 99:1; Bagasse 85:1; Cotton seed hulls 29:1.
(3) mineral matter and vitamin: the effect of mineral matter to promote the activity of enzyme and nuclear formation, also a certain amount of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulphur etc. will be contained in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, these macroelement have certain content in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating such as crops tangerine bar, waste cotton, substantially the needs that mushroom growth is grown can be met, suitably add some if desired, and trace element is as very micro-in the requirement in mushroom growth such as iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, its content in natural composts or fertilisers of cultivating and common water can meet its requirement of growing completely.Vitamin is that mushroom growth grows indispensable and special organic matter, particularly Cobastab l that requirement is little, and its Main Function is the coenzyme as enzyme, plays an important role in metabolism.Be deficient in vitamin and the activity decrease of many enzymes can be made even to lose, directly affect growing of mushroom.
The nutrition of processing of sweet corn waste material (corn clothing, corn stigma) and value
Sweet corn can be used as fruits and vegetables, sweet except having, fragrant, crisp, outside tender feature, nutritive value is very high, sugar content is 3 ~ 21 times of conventional corn, its sugar has sucrose, glucose, maltose and melitose, be rich in by the dietary fiber of people's pay attention to day by day and multivitamin and mineral matter, and the acid of hydrogen base forms close to human body in its protein, plant oil content content, the unsaturated fatty acid of needed by human is also higher than conventional corn, and containing sitosterol, have and prevent hypertension, the effect of coronary heart disease and cell ageing, sweet corn is also containing anticancer factor one glutathione of generally acknowledging, good antitumaous effect can be played.Often edible sweet corn, highly beneficial to health, particularly to the elderly and children advantageously.
Be the sweet corn fresh bud choosing high-quality during processing sweet corn kernel can, after divesting luxuriant clothing and corn stigma, use machinery before the plumule of sweet corn kernel by under iblet ring cutting.Sweet corn belongs to this plant fragrant, the carbon source of its processing waste material and vitamin sufficient with mineral matter. various nutrient is very abundant, is mixed with it nutritional requirement that champignon compost can meet mushroom growth growth completely.The composts or fertilisers of cultivating C/N ratio of the present invention's preparation is about 31:1 after tested, the nutritional requirement that the C/N ratio of conventional composts or fertilisers of cultivating several compared with other is grown closer to mushroom growth.In sum, traditional cultivating champignon raw material can be replaced as a kind of composts or fertilisers of cultivating of novel high-quality with the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of the present invention's preparation.
Advantage of the present invention to reduce production cost 31%, the quality of improving product, increases economic benefit 31%-41%, have extraordinary development prospect; The present invention utilizes the nuisanceless mushroom of waste material whole year production after processing of sweet corn, turns waste into wealth, resource circulation utilization, and using water wisely resource more than 51%, can reduce sewage discharge, preserve the ecological environment.
Embodiment
The preparation of composts or fertilisers of cultivating:
Fresh corn husk coat 8100kg, fresh corn stigma 2100kg, utilize grinding and wire kneading machine (power of motor 23 kilowatts) to process.First the mixed foreign material such as stone, iron block, rope, sack are in the feed removed with artificial before processing, then utilize conveyer belt that fresh corn husk coat, fresh corn stigma are conveyed into grinding and wire kneading machine simultaneously and process.Respectively fresh corn clothing is processed into soft thread; Fresh corn stigma is prescinded and breaks.Waste material after simultaneously processing two kinds fully mixes, and moisture control, 66 ~ 71%, namely completes mechanical process, and namely raw material is processed into champignon compost.
After composts or fertilisers of cultivating machines, cultivating champignon can be applied at once, or put into storage between warehouse, storage.
The preservation of composts or fertilisers of cultivating:
Use diameter 61cm, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating that the large glue barreled of blueness of high 94cm (capacity 200L) processed the same day, water content about 71%, layering pin is treaded as far as possible, the polyethylene agricultural film that on bucket cover, 5 layers of 0.06mm is thick, cut with motorcycle tyre tube the rubber strip made and tighten sealing, make it airtight, put into warehouse and preserve.Or put into compacting between storage, after composts or fertilisers of cultivating fills compacting, covered closely with two to three-layer plastic film, then between storage to the thick wet soil of another skull 16 ~ 21cm, extruded wherein remaining aeroseal preservation.In order to improve the preservation effect of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, the effective microbe preparations such as lactic acid bacteria can be added in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, accelerating the activity suppressing putrefactive microorganisms, promoting the sinking of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, extending the holding time.Holding time was generally half a year by 1 year, the even longer time.
Compost ferments:
Get composts or fertilisers of cultivating (calculating with wet feed) 1600kg and add 76kg pulverized limestone, fully mix thoroughly, the water content control of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 66 ~ 71%, and the pH value of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 9, stockpile builds up about long om, wide 2m, high 0.6m, then cover by woven cloth, the stack retting time is 4 days, turns over and once pile after one and half.
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating enters room and secondary fermentation:
Compost ferments laggard room, and composts or fertilisers of cultivating pH value is 9; The polyethylene agricultural plastic film entering mushroom bed 0.06mm before room thick is rebasing, and material loading thickness is about l1cm.On composts or fertilisers of cultivating after complete bedstead, then cover charge level with agricultural film, to prevent from drying composts or fertilisers of cultivating when secondary fermentation.Use honeycomb briquette to carry out xeothermic heating, namely carry out secondary fermentation, make mushroom room space temperature rise to 91 degrees centigrade and keep more than 11 hours, to ensure high-temperature sterilization effect.
Sowing:
After composts or fertilisers of cultivating secondary fermentation, open mushroom room door window aeration-cooling, and open the plastic film covered at mushroom bed level, spray water and partially dry bedside and charge level are mended wet, Deng material in temperature drop to 41 DEG C, charge level temperature drop to about 37 DEG C time, (350g/ wrap: cotton seed hulls) mushroom kind (bacterium numbering is No. VL5, is black mushroom strain) is wrapped, according to the seeding quantity uniform broadcasting of 0.31kg/mz at bed surface by 56.Finish kind of a rear charge level and cover film again, and attentional manipulation charge level temperature is at about 36 DEG C, suitably closes the doors and windows according to room temperature decline situation.Temperature after planting will be controlled well, and the dead bacterial classification of too high meeting heat, too low meeting makes mycelium germination bad.
Within second day, observe this mushroom room mycelium germination good.
Spray fruiting water and mushroom real estate management reason:
Within after planting the 4th day, all opened by the plastic film covering charge level, the place shower nozzle that bedside and charge level are done is mended wet, to keep charge level moistening.
After planting the 6th day spray fruiting water, material moisture control, 81 ~ 86%, suitably ventilates after water spray, then shuts door and window and rise again, make the temperature in mushroom room be increased to 34 ~ 36 DEG C, make mycelia grow energetic.
Rise next day and suitably increase illumination (being linked into 2 40w fluorescent lamps), promote that the former base of mushroom fruiting body is formed, period, material temperature controlled at 34 ~ 37 DEG C, mushroom room relative air humidity controls 81 ~ 95%, suitable moisturizing is made every effort to charge level profit and does not wet, and notes the ventilation of mushroom room, avoids allowing wind directly blow bed surface, mushroom room keeps certain scattered beam (illumination is 51 ~ 1O1LUX about), can not allow sunshine shining directly mushroom bed.
Adopt mushroom:
Sow and start picking head mushroom after 12 days, next day receives main damp mushroom.Mushroom plucks 4 ~ 5 times every day, removes clean after gathering by the impurity of mushroom pin, and calibrate and packaging, puts into that the freezer of about 16 DEG C is fresh-keeping can go on the market.Package packing supplies will meet hygienic practice, and fresh-keeping ice house, haulage vehicle all will carry out sanitary work, prevents the link pair in fresh-keeping, transport, sale
Product pollutes.Sow this room mushroom after 16 days all to gather complete (receiving a damp mushroom), total results fresh mushroom 121kg, according to the conversion of input siccative, biological transformation ratio is 27.6% (using the biological transformation ratio of waste cotton mushroom culture at present generally 19 ~ 251/).This room mushroom in the overall process of producing without use any chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, the health of the equal strict implement country of production process and
Food security specification, the fresh mushroom of institute's output is the hygienic requirements reaching pollution-free food completely.
Clearly expect room
Sow the composts or fertilisers of cultivating complete liquidation mushroom room after 17 days, this room being harvested mushroom, sell as high-quality organic manure, mushroom room and plastic film are washed with water totally for subsequent use.
Claims (1)
1. a method for cultivating mushroom, is characterized in that
Prepared by a, composts or fertilisers of cultivating
Processed by the fresh corn stigma grinding and wire kneading machine of the fresh corn clothing of 8 ~ 9 parts and 3 ~ 4 parts simultaneously, be processed into by corn clothing soft thread respectively, prescinded by corn stigma and break, the raw material after simultaneously processing two kinds fully mixes, and the moisture control of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is at 66-71%; After composts or fertilisers of cultivating machines, for cultivating champignon or put into reservoir, storage between compacting sealing preserve;
B, Compost ferment
When fermentation reactor system, lime consumption accounts for 4% ~ 7% of composts or fertilisers of cultivating consumption, turns over even during composting as far as possible, and the pH value of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 9, and water content is 66 ~ 71%, and the number of days of composting is 3 ~ 5 days, and the turning of every 2 ~ 3 days of period once;
C, enter room secondary fermentation
After Compost fermentation, before composts or fertilisers of cultivating enters room, mushroom bed application plastic film is rebasing, or rebasing with ventilative braiding adhesive plaster, composts or fertilisers of cultivating thickness 11 ~ 16cm; Material when composts or fertilisers of cultivating enters room on mushroom bed can not compacting; After composts or fertilisers of cultivating enters room, bed surface wants cover film, then carries out secondary fermentation, and during secondary fermentation, mushroom room temperature to 91 DEG C also keeps more than 11 hours;
D, sowing
After secondary fermentation, open the plastic film covered at charge level, open door and window to ventilate, Deng material in temperature drop to 41 DEG C, charge level temperature drop to 37 DEG C time, according to the seeding quantity of 0.33 ~ 0.36kg/mz, bacterial classification is sprinkling upon composts or fertilisers of cultivating surface equably, and then cover the plastic film originally opened, charge level temperature is controlled at 37 DEG C; Sow after 4 days and all opened by the plastic film covering charge level, the place shower nozzle that bedside and charge level are done is mended wet, to keep charge level moistening;
E, spray fruiting water
After planting the 5th day spray fruiting water, material moisture control, 81 ~ 86%, suitably ventilates after water spray, then shuts door and window and rise again, make the temperature in mushroom room be increased to 34 ~ 36 DEG C;
F, fruiting period management
Spray water and suitably increase illumination afterwards in one day, promote that the former base of mushroom fruiting body is formed, period, material temperature controlled at 34 ~ 37 DEG C, mushroom room relative air humidity controls 81 ~ 96%, and suitable moisturizing makes charge level moisten and not wet, the ventilation of mushroom room, avoid and allow wind directly blow bed surface, mushroom room keeps certain scattered beam, and illumination is 51 ~ 101LUX about, avoids sunshine shining directly mushroom bed;
G, adopt mushroom
Start picking head mushroom after 5 days, next day receives main damp mushroom, and mushroom plucks 4 ~ 5 times every day, is removed by the impurity of mushroom pin clean after gathering, and calibrate and packaging, the freezer putting into 16 DEG C is fresh-keeping;
H, expect room clearly
After room mushroom is all gathered, by composts or fertilisers of cultivating complete liquidation mushroom room, mushroom room and plastic film are washed with water totally for subsequent use.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410482838.9A CN105474984A (en) | 2014-09-19 | 2014-09-19 | Shiitake mushroom culture method |
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| CN201410482838.9A CN105474984A (en) | 2014-09-19 | 2014-09-19 | Shiitake mushroom culture method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106258481A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of straw rubbing processes the method for culturing edible fungus |
| CN106718025A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 河池市农业科学研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of phoenix-tail mushroom |
-
2014
- 2014-09-19 CN CN201410482838.9A patent/CN105474984A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106258481A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of straw rubbing processes the method for culturing edible fungus |
| CN106718025A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 河池市农业科学研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of phoenix-tail mushroom |
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