CN101306962B - Kitchen waste composting method using mushroom bran as conditioner - Google Patents

Kitchen waste composting method using mushroom bran as conditioner Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101306962B
CN101306962B CN2008101163335A CN200810116333A CN101306962B CN 101306962 B CN101306962 B CN 101306962B CN 2008101163335 A CN2008101163335 A CN 2008101163335A CN 200810116333 A CN200810116333 A CN 200810116333A CN 101306962 B CN101306962 B CN 101306962B
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China
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bacterium chaff
kitchen waste
amendment
compost
waste
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CN2008101163335A
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CN101306962A (en
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汪群慧
邹德勋
隋克俭
潘斯亮
郑瑾
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kitchen waste composting method taking mushroom residue as a conditioner, and belongs to the waste resource utilization direction in the environmental field. The method comprises the following specific steps: crushing the kitchen waste, and then uniformly mixing the mushroom bran into the kitchen waste, wherein the ratio of the kitchen waste to the mushroom bran is 1: 0.5-1: 5; adding other conditioning agents or corrosion promoters; adjusting the water content of the mixed materials to 55-65%, adjusting the C/N to 20: 1-30: 1, adjusting the pH to 7-8, and adjusting the particle size of the materials to be not more than 3 cm; and performing composting treatment by adopting an aerobic composting process. Compared with the prior composting method, the composting speed is fast by 3 to 10 days, the odor generation and the nitrogen loss are less, the final product is stable, and various products can be prepared according to different requirements and the like, thereby saving a large amount of energy and manpower.

Description

A kind of with the kitchen waste compost method of bacterium chaff as amendment
Technical field
The changing waste into resources that the invention belongs in the environmental area utilizes direction, is specifically related to a kind of with the kitchen waste compost method of bacterium chaff as amendment.
Background technology
Changing food waste is meant family, school, food waste and remnants that machine-operated canteen and catering industry produced, is the chief component of domestic waste.At present, the changing food waste proportion constantly increases in the domestic waste, has accounted for 30%~40% of domestic waste.Changing food waste causes it to be difficult for carrying out common landfill and burning disposal because it has high-moisture percentage and low-calorie characteristics; On the other hand because it is contained nutritious and noxious pollutant content is less, but be that a kind of good renewable resources utilizes raw material.Changing food waste not only can be eliminated its pollution to environment behind composting, its product also can be used as fertilizer, soil improvement agent etc. and is used.
But, since changing food waste oleaginousness and water cut greatly, salinity is higher, makes it be unfavorable for directly carrying out compost treatment, therefore, lot of domestic and international investigator improves the condition and the effect (Yang Yanmei, 2007) of kitchen waste compost through adding various amendments.Amendment at present commonly used has agricultural wastes such as stalk, wood chip, corn cob, but before using these amendments, often will pre-treatment, not only consumes energy and waste of manpower such as pulverize to it.
Bacterium chaff (claiming mushroom residue, bacterium slag etc. again) is meant institute's depleted culture material in plantation edible mushrooms process; Rich in protein, amino acid, polysaccharide, Mierocrystalline cellulose isoreactivity composition still have been rich in the depleted bacterium chaff; Major elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, and trace element such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron.And wherein also residual a certain amount of living microorganism arranged, have stronger degradation capability.Along with the continuous development of China's mushroom industry, cause the bulk deposition of bacterium chaff, this not only pollutes peripheral water body and soil etc., and has seriously disturbed the optimum operation of mushroom industry.
Current; All existing part Study person has carried out the research of changing food waste or the independent compost treatment of bacterium chaff; For example Chinese patent " rubbish from cooking being converted into the method for fertilizer " (CN1858027A), Chinese patent " a kind of edible fungus chaff green fertilizer " (CN1785923A) etc.; But previous methods technology is complicated, step such as for example need sterilize, and do not appear in the newspapers and the bacterium chaff is carried out the research of kitchen waste compost as amendment.Therefore; The present invention make full use of the bacterium chaff loosely organized, be prone to degraded, be rich in a large amount of active substances and degradation property mikrobe and characteristics such as do not need to pulverize once more; Carry out compost treatment as amendment and changing food waste, not only reduced the pollution of environment but also can obtain high value added product.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to make full use of the good characteristic of bacterium chaff, provide a kind of, with composting speed that improves changing food waste and the quality of improving the finished product with the kitchen waste compost method of bacterium chaff as amendment as the compost amendment.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention realizes through following steps and main points:
1. at first changing food waste is pulverized, then the bacterium chaff is evenly admixed in the changing food waste, changing food waste is 1: 0.5~1: 5 with the ratio of bacterium chaff; Also can add other amendments such as a certain amount of stalk, or functional microbial inoculum such as short rotten agent, will mixing afterwards, moisture content of material is adjusted between 55%~65%; C/N is adjusted to 20: 1~between 30: 1; Between pH regulator to 7~8, raw meal particle size is not more than 3cm, adopts aerobic composting process to carry out compost treatment.
Changing food waste before pulverizing removes the excessive moisture drop, chooses difficult degradation foreign material such as plastics bag, bulk bone.
2. used bacterium chaff can be waste mushroom leftover behind the various edible fungus culturings in above-mentioned 1; The employing staple is the bacterium chaff of cellulosic materials such as cotton seed hulls, straw powder, corn cob; Or staple is the bacterium chaff of lignin substance; But staple is the bacterium chaff of lignin substance, and its compost treatment time can increase to some extent;
3. the total amount of other amendments that added in above-mentioned 1 is no more than 1/3 (mass ratio) of compost material total amount; Other amendments comprise one or more in stalk, corn cob, cotton seed hulls, rice bran, wood chip, furfural dregs, coal gangue, the vegetable mould etc.; But be not limited in above-mentioned; And these amendments are not really wanted certain interpolation, can decide as the case may be;
4. functional microbial inoculum such as short rotten agent comprises short rotten agent of commodity or microbial inoculum in above-mentioned 1; And the bacterial strain or the microbial inoculum of separation, enrichment voluntarily; Addition requires decide according to himself, defined etc. in the request for utilization in the commodity microbial inoculum for example, and generally inoculum size is less than 10%; And these microbial inoculums are not really wanted certain interpolation, can decide as the case may be;
5. composting process adopts the aerobic compost mode; Can adopt static intermittent aeration formula, static bar buttress formula, stir slot type, tunnel like and silo-type etc., but be not limited in this, temperature should be controlled and be no more than 70 ℃ in the composting process; One time fermentation cycle 7~15d, Secondary Fermentation cycle 20~60d;
6. according to the difference of the contained nutrient of compost final product, proterties etc., and combine that other join that technology such as fertilizer can be made into that organic fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, compound are fertile, soil improvement agent and basin pot culture kind matrix etc.
Characteristics of the present invention are: the bacterium chaff is loosely organized, be prone to degraded, be rich in a large amount of active substances and degradation property mikrobe and characteristics such as do not need to pulverize once more; Carry out compost treatment as amendment and changing food waste; Compost method relatively in the past, its compost speed fast 3-10 days, stink produce and nitrogen loss less, end product is stable; And can process multiple product according to different needs etc., save mass energy and manpower.
Embodiment
Choose a certain amount of changing food waste, drop removes excessive moisture and chooses foreign material such as big bone, plastics bag and rubs also fully mixing;
The bacterium chaff is the discarded culture material of Pleurotus nebrodensis, and this material staple is a cotton seed hulls; Corn straw is pulverized, and particle diameter is less than 2cm.Above-mentioned three kinds of materials are carried out proportioning according to table 1, and regulate about water ratio to 65%, C/N to 25: about 1, about pH to 7.0.Composting process adopts static intermittent aeration formula, one time fermentation cycle 15d, Secondary Fermentation cycle 40d.
Handle each test of post analysis through aerobic compost and handle relevant index, as shown in table 1.Can find out by test-results and all can heighten the speed of kitchen waste compost and the degree etc. of becoming thoroughly decomposed after adding the bacterium chaff.
Table 1 is respectively handled the relevant index of material proportion and compost treatment
Handle numbering A B C
Quality of material is than (changing food waste: bacterium chaff: stalk) 1∶0.8∶0 1∶0.4∶0.2 1∶0∶0.2
The entering pliotherm period is got the time (d) 3 3 4
Time length pliotherm period (d) 9 9 6
The institute reach top temperature (℃) 55.8 54.0 51.3
Foul smell distributes Less Generally More
Germination index (%) 55.59 47.63 39.78
Can be found out by embodiment, can accomplish composting process with the bacterium chaff smoothly as the amendment of kitchen waste compost, it gets into very fast, pliotherm period longer duration of pliotherm period, explains that compost rapid speed and innoxious degree are high; The stink loss less, this compost product of the high explanation of germination index is stable, quality is good.

Claims (6)

1. one kind with the kitchen waste compost method of bacterium chaff as amendment, it is characterized in that, changing food waste is pulverized, and then the bacterium chaff evenly admixed in the changing food waste, and changing food waste is 1: 0.5~1: 5 with the ratio of bacterium chaff; Add other amendments; To mix the back moisture content of material and be adjusted between 55%~65%, C/N is adjusted to 20: 1~and between 30: 1, between pH regulator to 7~8, raw meal particle size is not more than 3cm; Adopt aerobic composting process to carry out compost treatment.
2. claim 1 is said is characterized in that with the kitchen waste compost method of bacterium chaff as amendment, and changing food waste before pulverizing removes the excessive moisture drop, chooses difficult degradation foreign material such as plastics bag, bulk bone.
3. claim 1 is said with the kitchen waste compost method of bacterium chaff as amendment; It is characterized in that; Used bacterium chaff is a waste mushroom leftover behind the various edible fungus culturings, and staple is the bacterium chaff of cotton seed hulls, straw powder, corn cob cellulosic material, or staple is the bacterium chaff of lignin substance.
4. claim 1 is said is characterized in that with the kitchen waste compost method of bacterium chaff as amendment the interpolation total amount of other amendments is no more than 1/3 of compost material total amount mass ratio.
5. claim 4 is said is characterized in that with the kitchen waste compost method of bacterium chaff as amendment other amendments comprise one or more in stalk, corn cob, cotton seed hulls, rice bran, wood chip, furfural dregs, coal gangue, the vegetable mould.
6. claim 1 is said with the kitchen waste compost method of bacterium chaff as amendment; It is characterized in that; The aerobic compost mode comprises static intermittent aeration formula, static bar buttress formula, stirs slot type, tunnel like and silo-type; Temperature should be controlled and be no more than 70 ℃ in the composting process, one time fermentation cycle 7~15d, Secondary Fermentation cycle 20~60d.
CN2008101163335A 2008-07-08 2008-07-08 Kitchen waste composting method using mushroom bran as conditioner Expired - Fee Related CN101306962B (en)

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Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101962304A (en) * 2010-07-09 2011-02-02 买日江·热西提 Method for producing compost by treating rural waste with biological agent
CN102115345A (en) * 2010-12-02 2011-07-06 北京工商大学 Set of movable efficient aerobic composting processes for food waste
CN102206105A (en) * 2011-04-22 2011-10-05 湖州绿韵生物科技有限公司 Compost treatment method for food residues
CN102746035B (en) * 2012-07-19 2014-12-10 东莞市环境科学研究所 In-situ reduction method for kitchen wastes in residential communities
CN103819235B (en) * 2014-01-23 2015-08-05 浙江工商大学 A kind of rubbish from cooking aerobic fermentation treatment process based on regulation and control water morphology
CN104016738A (en) * 2014-05-28 2014-09-03 中国计量学院 Method for utilizing kitchen waste to prepare culturing material of edible fungi
CN104072224A (en) * 2014-07-15 2014-10-01 广西师范大学 Method for preparing compost by mixing kitchen waste with Chinese medicine residue and bagasse, used as conditioners and external carbon sources
CN104387137A (en) * 2014-11-13 2015-03-04 中国农业大学 Method for preparing mixed compost of mushroom residue and kitchen garbage
CN104774098A (en) * 2015-04-01 2015-07-15 何治坪 Compound biological bacterium fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN106187336A (en) * 2016-07-19 2016-12-07 金发科技股份有限公司 More than a kind of kitchen, Organic substance aerobic compost builds heaping method
CN106316596A (en) * 2016-08-18 2017-01-11 张政权 Ecotypic fertilizer prepared from kitchen garbage, prepared ecotypic fertilizer cake and preparation method
CN107778101A (en) * 2016-08-24 2018-03-09 德阳市明润农业开发有限公司 A kind of fermentation process that biological organic fertilizer is prepared using bacteria residue and stalk
CN106396773A (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-02-15 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 Kitchen food waste composting method, and technology using method in treatment of secondary salinization land
CN106831193A (en) * 2017-03-23 2017-06-13 上海鲲鹏环保科技有限公司 A kind of kitchen waste compost conditioner and Food waste treatment method
CN107244949A (en) * 2017-06-13 2017-10-13 广西力源宝科技有限公司 Municipal sludge and kitchen garbage collaboration processing prepare fertilizer production system and method
CN107311708A (en) * 2017-06-13 2017-11-03 广西力源宝科技有限公司 The production system and method for fertilizer are prepared using kitchen garbage
CN107188758A (en) * 2017-06-15 2017-09-22 柳城新天地生态农业发展有限公司 The preparation method of bacteria residue fertilizer
CN109401927A (en) * 2018-11-03 2019-03-01 浙江大学 A kind of food garbage and rubbish from cooking collaboration processing equipment for recycling and method
CN112125750A (en) * 2020-09-02 2020-12-25 中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司 Method for preparing organic fertilizer for rice by combined composting of kitchen waste and sawdust
CN112400396A (en) * 2020-11-09 2021-02-26 华东师范大学 Method for improving soil of reclaimed land in reclamation area
CN112919942A (en) * 2021-02-23 2021-06-08 苏州和青环境科技有限公司 Method for eliminating salt damage of organic waste compost products

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