JP3753627B2 - Organic waste treatment methods - Google Patents

Organic waste treatment methods Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3753627B2
JP3753627B2 JP2001142103A JP2001142103A JP3753627B2 JP 3753627 B2 JP3753627 B2 JP 3753627B2 JP 2001142103 A JP2001142103 A JP 2001142103A JP 2001142103 A JP2001142103 A JP 2001142103A JP 3753627 B2 JP3753627 B2 JP 3753627B2
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organic waste
waste
added
mixture
weight
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JP2002336822A (en
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山元正博
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山元 正博
山元紀子
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Priority to JP2001142103A priority Critical patent/JP3753627B2/en
Priority to SG200202523A priority patent/SG109970A1/en
Priority to NZ518617A priority patent/NZ518617A/en
Priority to US10/135,784 priority patent/US6703054B2/en
Priority to DE60200850T priority patent/DE60200850T2/en
Priority to EP02291165A priority patent/EP1256282B1/en
Priority to AT02291165T priority patent/ATE272325T1/en
Priority to AU38208/02A priority patent/AU774236B2/en
Priority to DK02291165T priority patent/DK1256282T3/en
Priority to CN02121508A priority patent/CN1385091A/en
Publication of JP2002336822A publication Critical patent/JP2002336822A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/78Recycling of wood or furniture waste

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  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、有機性廃棄物の新規な処理方法に係り、より詳しくは、酒かす、残飯等のBODが10000ppm以上の高濃度有機性廃棄物を処理方法に関する。また、本発明は、かかる処理方法により処理されて得られた木質系基質からなる粗繊維飼料にも関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
これまで残飯等の高濃度有機性廃棄物の処理は公害問題化している。その理由はこれらが水分を多量に含み腐敗して悪臭を発生するからである。更にこれらの物質を埋め立て処分すれば土中で腐敗分解して多量の硝酸態窒素を生産し地下水汚染の原因となる。また、焼却処分するとダイオキシンやNOXを発生して大気汚染の原因となる。しかも、有機性廃棄物の量は年々増大する傾向にある。
そこで、より多くの廃棄物を回収し、再資源化するために、近年、有機性廃棄物を醗酵させて堆肥とする方法や分解する処理方法が講じられてきているが、従来の方法では、その処理に数ヶ月を要してしまったり、堆肥に含まれる塩分の問題で大量に利用する場合には塩害発生の恐れがあり利用量に限界があった。
【0003】
本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、本発明の主たる目的は、酒かす、残飯等の有機性廃棄物、特にBODが10000ppm以上の高濃度有機性廃棄物を極めて効率的に短時間で処理することができる処理方法を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、大量の廃棄物を容易に処分することができる形態とすることができる有機性廃棄物の処理方法及びそのように処理された処理物の用途を提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
かかる目的を達成するために鋭意研究した結果、本出願人は、基質原料に有機性廃棄物を加えて糸状菌により有機性廃棄物を処理するに際して、更に油脂を組み合わせると、糸状菌が油脂を資化し、効率よく発酵熱に変換することを見出した。つまりエネルギー源として油脂を活用し、糸状菌による有機物の分解乾燥速度を飛躍的に向上させることにより、効率よく有機性廃棄物を処理することができることを知見した。そしてさらに驚くべきことにはアンモニアガスと酢酸が発生した場合、油脂をある程度混ぜるとその発生を見事に防止できるということ、つまり油脂の添加により酢酸菌に代表される腐敗菌の繁殖を抑制することができることも見いだした。
しかして、本発明に係る有機性廃棄物の処理方法は、基質原料に有機性廃棄物と油脂を加えて混和物とし、混和物に糸状菌を生育させてその発酵により有機性廃棄物を処理することを特徴とする。
このように油脂を栄養分として添加することにより、有機性廃棄物、特に高濃度有機性廃棄物の処理速度を格段と向上することができる。
【0005】
本発明において、処理の対象とされる有機性廃棄物は、如何なるものでもよいが、特にBOD10000ppm以上の高濃度有機性廃棄物であって、50%以上の水分を有しているものが対象とされる。かかる有機性廃棄物には、例えば、酒かす、ジュースの絞り粕、残飯、ビール粕、蒸留酒の蒸留廃液、おから、蓄糞が含まれる。
かかる有機性廃棄物は、好適には、基質原料に対して水分が20〜70重量%、好ましくは20〜40重量%になるような量で加えられる。
【0006】
また、本発明の処理方法において使用する基質原料は、発明の目的を達成できるものであれば如何なるものでも構わないが、基本的に粉砕された木質系材料であることが好ましく、好適にはオガクズ、カンナ屑又はその混合物を用いるのが好ましい。
上記において、糸状菌は混和物に自然発生させてもよいし、混和物に外部から添加してもよい。添加量は、好ましくは混和物乾物量の総重量の0.01%から0.1%の量である。
本発明の方法では、一般には、有機性廃棄物が処理されるに応じて、新たな有機性廃棄物と油脂を逐次添加していく。ここで、基質原料も必要に応じて補填するのが好ましい。
【0007】
本発明において使用される油脂は、本発明の目的が達成されるものであれば如何なるものでも構わず、動物系、植物系、鉱物系又はこれらの混合物から選択することができる。例えば天ぷら油、ラード、しょうゆ油、食肉工場廃油、オリーブ油等の食用油又は切削油等、入手容易なものでかまわないが、沸点が100℃以上のものが特に好ましい。油脂は、好適には有機性廃棄物の3重量%以上、好ましくは5重量%以上、より好ましくは10重量%以上の重量であるように調整される。
また、よく知られているように、廃油も産業廃棄物としてその処理が公害問題化しており、その処理法としては焼却処理が主流であるが大気汚染の二次公害が問題となっている。しかも廃油は燃料として利用するには廃油の精製装置が別途必要となる。しかして、本発明の処理方法では、前述の油脂として廃油を使用することができる。廃油は、切削油、天ぷら油等の一般に廃棄されるもの等、如何なるものでも構わない。
【0008】
また本発明における糸状菌は、糸状体の真核菌類(カビ)を意味し、特にAspergillus属、Monasucus属、Mucor属及びRhizopus属を意味し、特にアミラーゼ並びにリパーゼ活性を有するAspergillus属及び/またはMonasucus属が好適に選択される。
本発明に係る処理方法では、好適には、混和物を50℃以下、好ましくは40〜50℃に調整する。この温度調整は、送風により行うことが好ましく、特に送風機の発電機の排熱を利用して温乾風を送風するのが好ましい。
更に、本発明においては、本発明に係る有機性廃棄物の処理方法によって有機性廃棄物を処理して得た基質を粗繊維飼料として使用することをも対象とする。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の好適な実施の形態を説明する。
本発明の処理方法の好適な実施形態では、基質原料に有機性廃棄物と油脂を加えて混和物とし、混和物に糸状菌を生育させてその発酵により有機性廃棄物を処理する。
本方法によって処理される有機性廃棄物は、特に酒かす、ジュースの絞り粕、残飯、ビール粕、蒸留酒の蒸留廃液等のBODが10000ppmを超える高濃度の有機性廃棄物で水分が50%以上の腐敗しやすい物質である。
基質原料は、繊維質原料、デンプン質原料等如何なるものでも構わないが、例えば、オガクズ、カンナ屑、ビートパルプ、干草、フスマ、米ぬか及び麦ぬか等が挙げられる。特に好適にはオガクズ、カンナ屑が使用される。ここで、有機廃棄物の量に対する基質原料の割合は、混和後に混和物の水分が20〜70重量%、好ましくは20〜40重量%になるような割合に調整する。
【0010】
糸状菌として例えば麹菌を使用して廃棄物を処理することはこれまでにも行われていたが、ごみ処理等には例えばフスマが使用されていた。しかし、フスマの場合には麹菌生育のための表面積が非常に大きくその生育には多量の酸素を必要とするが、フスマの物性が柔らかく製麹の過程で空隙がその重量により圧縮されて通風性が非常に悪くなるため、必要となる酸素を十分に供給することが非常に難しかった。これに対して、本処理方法におけるオガクズ等の木質系基質原料の場合は、比重がフスマ比重0.5に対して0.25と極めて軽く麹菌の生育対象となる表面積は更に大きくなるがその物性が比較的硬いので、製麹過程で重量により圧縮される割合が非常に少なく、全課程を通じて間隙を維持し、麹菌等の繁殖に必要な多量の酸素を十分に供給することができるという利点がある。
【0011】
また、本処理方法で使用される糸状菌としては、特に麹菌が好適である。従来、残飯等の高濃度有機性廃棄物の処理には高温菌が利用されてきた。これらの高温菌は一般に60℃以上で発酵するのでその発酵熱のカロリーは非常に高く、より効果的であると考えられてきた。しかし発酵の際必要とされる通気により、高温菌は気化潜熱を奪われ品温はその発酵最適温度をはるかに下回る温度まで低下してしまう。これに対して、麹菌は発酵温度は確かに40℃前後と高温菌に比較して低いが、十分な酸素を供給することで総体でのカロリーはむしろ高温菌より高い。すなわち、発酵を行う際には通気を行うが(例えば1トンの麹が発酵する場合、1分当たり10mの通気を必要とする)、これを高温菌に対して行うと気化潜熱を奪われ、発酵最適温度をはるかに下回ってしまう。この結果、むしろ総体的に麹菌の方が高温菌よりも処理速度が速くなるのである。
更に、麹菌は木質系基質原料では約20〜70重量%の水分で生育できる。特に50%以下に調整することで水分活性を0.9以下に保持可能なので細菌類の増殖が抑えられる。この点麹菌は0.9以下の低い水分活性で生育可能である。また、杉や桧等の木質系基質原料の場合には樹脂に抗菌作用があるので細菌類は生育を抑制されるが、麹菌は生育阻害を受けない。
【0012】
更に、従来、発酵菌として使用される麹菌等の中温菌を培養するには、有害細菌等を排除するために培地の殺菌が不可欠であった。その殺菌のため、有用菌も排除することになる。しかしながら、木質系原料と油脂という極めて限られた環境の中では有害細菌以外の菌体外に脂肪分解酵素を多量に分泌する麹菌等の微生物のみが優先的に生育するため、殺菌の必要が無く、Mucor、Rhizopus等の微生物の相互作用で更に処理速度を速くすることができる。
また、細菌類を使用した有機物の分解においてはタンパク質を分解する際に発生するアンモニア等の悪臭が二次公害として問題となり特別に消臭装置の設置が必要となるが、麹菌等で処理することによりアンモニア等の悪臭の発生は一切無くなるという効果も奏する。
【0013】
上記糸状菌は混和物に必ずしも事前に添加する必要はない。本発明の処理方法では、培地が繊維質原料と油脂という極めて限られた栄養素であるため、糸状菌以外の微生物は非常に生育しにくく、時間さえかければ、糸状菌、特に麹菌が必ず自然発生するからである。 とはいえ、糸状菌を添加する方が有機性廃棄物を短時間で処理することが可能になることは言うまでもない。従って、通常は、糸状菌の胞子を添加する。その際の添加量は、総重量の約0.01%から約0.1%を添加する。ここで、添加量は麹菌育成基質となるフスマと合わせた重量である。0.01%以上でないと処理速度の有意な増加が望めず、また0.1%を越えて添加してもそれ以上に処理速度が有意に増加することはない。最適には総重量のおよそ0.05%添加する。
なお、ここで若干量のフスマ等のデンプン質材料を更に添加させると、糸状菌の生育速度を速くすることができる。添加量は増やす程生育速度は速くなるがそれに反比例して腐敗の危険性が高まるので無殺菌の場合には好ましくは約10%である。
【0014】
上記方法で添加される油脂は特に廃油を使用することにより、有機性廃棄物と廃油を同時に処理できる。すなわち、麹菌等は菌体外に脂肪性分解酵素を分泌することで、水に不溶性の油脂類も水溶性脂肪酸に分解して細胞内に取り込み利用することが可能である。従って、食品工業による廃油、使用済み切削油でも分解するものであり、このことは本出願人が実験にて確認している。
上記油脂は、麹菌等の栄養分として添加する有機性廃棄物の3重量%以上、好ましくは5重量%以上添加する。
【0015】
こうして、麹菌の添加後、40時間ほど経過すると、麹菌が十分にそして優勢的に生育するようになる。そして、麹菌は油脂からのエネルギーを代謝して発酵熱を発散する。それを、適宜送風発散させることで温度を50℃以下、好ましくは40〜50℃に調節すれば、約24時間で水分は50%のものが20%台にまで乾燥し、有機物は二酸化炭素と水に分解される。従って、連日有機性廃棄物を添加し、乾燥消滅処理することができる。
【0016】
上記のようにして最終的に処理された木質系基質は添加油脂として食用油脂使用のものに限り牛の粗繊維飼料として有効に活用できる。すなわち、現在国内における牛の粗繊維飼料は平均飼料価格と比較しても非常に高く、さらに木質系の粉砕物は、1)牛の嗜好性が悪く食べない、2)木質原料に含まれる樹脂の抗菌力により牛のルーメン内の微生物層が乱され健康を害する、等の理由により、飼料としてはこれまで十分に活用できていない。ところが、本発明に係る処理方法によって得られた木質系基質からなる粗繊維飼料は、表面に麹菌等が生育している結果、牛の嗜好性が高く喜んで食べた。更に樹脂類を麹菌が消化する結果、牛の内臓の健康状態の変化も見られなかった。つまりこれまで有効活用方のなかった杉や桧チップが麹化することで有用な粗繊維飼料となるのである。
【0017】
上記のような方法で有機性廃棄物を処理した場合、通風に要する送風機の電力コストが主な経費である。このコストは、海洋投棄、火力等による強制乾燥等の別の処理方法による場合と比較すると極めて低い。
また、送風においては、マイクロタービンからの電力でターボファンをインバータ制御しながら送風冷却を行うが、マイクロタービンの排熱を外気と熱交換させることにより送風される風を温乾風にすると、麹菌の品温を上昇させることなく麹菌の含む水分からの気化潜熱を奪うことになり、より少ない風量で麹菌の品温を前述の所定範囲に維持することができる。
【0018】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例を用いて更に詳細に説明する。実施例によって発明の範囲が限定されないことは言うまでもない。
実施例1
カンナ屑100Kgに焼酎廃液50リットルと切削油30リットル、種麹100gを混和して十分に攪拌した。この時、水分は35%前後であった。これを保温性の高い容器に投入して30℃の室温にて静置する。すると、12時間後から発熱が始まり、品温が35℃から40℃に達した。その後、適宜送風を行いながら品温を常時50℃以下に制御した。
麹添加後40時間が経過すると、発熱も緩やかとなり水分は概ね25%以下となった。これに焼酎廃液70リットルを添加すると、水分は50%前後となり添加後30分を経過したころから再び発熱が盛んになったので、適宜送風を行い品温を50℃以下に制御した。
添加後24時間を経過すると発熱は緩やかになり添加した焼酎廃液の水分は殆ど蒸発し水分は25%以下となった。
その後この操作を連日繰り返すことにより、1日当たり70リットルの焼酎廃液を半永久的に処理することが可能であった。なお、発熱が弱くなった時点では新たに廃油を添加することで急速に発熱が再開することを確認した。また、焼酎廃液70リットルを処理するには3.5リットル以上の廃油があれば十分であった。
【0019】
実施例2
カンナ屑100Kgに焼酎廃液50リットルとてんぷら油30リットル、種麹100gを混和して十分に攪拌した。この時、水分は35%前後であった。これを保温性の高い容器に投入して30℃の室温にて静置する。すると、12時間後から発熱が始まり、品温が35℃から40℃に達した。その後、適宜送風を行いながら品温を常時50℃以下に制御した。
麹添加後40時間が経過すると、発熱も緩やかとなり水分は概ね25%以下となった。これに焼酎廃液70リットルを添加すると、水分は50%前後となり添加後30分を経過したころから再び発熱が盛んになったので、適宜送風を行い品温を50℃以下に制御した。
添加後24時間を経過すると発熱は緩やかになり添加した焼酎廃液の水分は殆ど蒸発し水分は25%以下となった。
その後この操作を連日繰り返すことにより、1日当たり70リットルの焼酎廃液を半永久的に処理することが可能であった。なお、発熱が弱くなった時点では新たに廃油を添加することで急速に発熱が再開することを確認した。また、焼酎廃液70リットルを処理するには3.5リットル以上の廃油があれば十分であった。
【0020】
実施例3
実施例2において処理した木質系基質(麹)を飼料として牛に与えたところ、嗜好性が非常に高かった。更に牛の内臓の健康状態の変化も見られず、下痢も無かった。
【0021】
実施例4
本発明で処理した資材に麹菌が優勢的に繁殖しているかを見るために、実施例2において処理した資材について一般細菌試験を行い、対照としてフスマに散水して水分を35%に調節して種麹を添加し3日間通風したものの細菌数と比較した。結果を次表に示す。
【表1】

Figure 0003753627
この結果から、本発明の方法によれば、無殺菌でも一般細菌の繁殖は大幅に抑制されることが明白である。
更に、この処理物にどの程度麹菌が繁殖しているかを確認するために各々の糖化力を測定した。測定法は国税庁所定分析法に従いサンプル15gを100mlの生理食塩水にて抽出ろ過したものを酵素液として30℃にて澱粉液を加え、1時間後、2時間後に生成するブドウ糖の量を定量して糖化酵素力価とした。結果を次表に示す。
【表2】
Figure 0003753627
この結果から、明白に本処理物には麹菌が優勢に生育していることが証明された。
【0022】
実施例5
フスマ6トンに焼酎廃液3トンの混合物を蒸気殺菌し、40℃まで冷却した。この時、水分は36%前後であった。ここに種麹4Kgを混和して製麹した。72時間後、水分は概ね17%以下となった。これに焼酎廃液1トンと廃油100リットルを添加すると、水分は30%前後となり、適宜送風を行い品温を40〜50℃以下に制御した。
添加後24時間を経過すると焼酎廃液の水分は殆ど蒸発し再び17%以下となった。また、この時点で一部を飼料とし、それと同量のフスマ(米ぬかを混ぜてもよい)を加えることもできた。
その後この操作を連日繰り返すことにより、1日当たり1トンの焼酎廃液を半永久的に処理することが可能であった。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel method for treating organic waste, and more particularly, to a method for treating high-concentration organic waste having a BOD of 10,000 ppm or more such as sake lees and leftovers. The present invention also relates to a crude fiber feed comprising a woody substrate obtained by the treatment method.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Until now, the treatment of high-concentration organic waste such as leftover rice has become a pollution problem. The reason for this is that they contain a large amount of water and rot and produce malodors. Furthermore, if these materials are disposed of in landfills, they will decompose in the soil and produce a large amount of nitrate nitrogen, causing groundwater contamination. Incineration also generates dioxins and NOX, causing air pollution. Moreover, the amount of organic waste tends to increase year by year.
Therefore, in order to collect and recycle more waste, in recent years, methods of fermenting organic waste into compost and processing methods for decomposition have been taken, but in conventional methods, If it takes several months for the treatment, or if it is used in large quantities due to the problem of salt contained in compost, there is a risk of salt damage and there is a limit to the amount of use.
[0003]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the main object of the present invention is to make organic waste such as sake lees and leftovers, particularly high-concentration organic waste with a BOD of 10,000 ppm or more extremely efficiently in a short time. It is providing the processing method which can be processed by.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic waste treatment method capable of easily disposing a large amount of waste and a use of the treated material treated in such a manner. .
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent research to achieve this object, the present applicant added organic waste to the substrate raw material and treated the organic waste with the filamentous fungus. It was found that it is assimilated and efficiently converted to fermentation heat. In other words, it was found that organic waste can be treated efficiently by utilizing fats and oils as an energy source and dramatically improving the decomposition and drying rate of organic matter by filamentous fungi. And even more surprisingly, when ammonia gas and acetic acid are generated, it can be brilliantly prevented by mixing fats and oils to some extent, that is, by adding fats and oils, the growth of spoilage bacteria represented by acetic acid bacteria can be suppressed. I also found that I can do it.
Thus, the organic waste processing method according to the present invention is a method of adding organic waste and fats and oils to a substrate raw material to make an admixture, growing filamentous fungi on the admixture, and processing the organic waste by fermentation. It is characterized by doing.
Thus, by adding fats and oils as nutrients, the processing speed of organic waste, particularly high-concentration organic waste, can be significantly improved.
[0005]
In the present invention, the organic waste to be treated may be any, particularly high-concentration organic waste having a BOD of 10000 ppm or more and having a moisture content of 50% or more. Is done. Such organic waste includes, for example, sake lees, juice pomace, leftover rice, beer lees, distilled liquor from distilled liquor, and okara.
Such organic waste is suitably added in such an amount that the water content is 20 to 70% by weight, preferably 20 to 40% by weight, based on the substrate raw material.
[0006]
The substrate raw material used in the treatment method of the present invention may be any material as long as the object of the invention can be achieved, but is basically a ground woody material, preferably sawdust. It is preferable to use canna waste or a mixture thereof.
In the above, the filamentous fungus may be naturally generated in the mixture, or may be added to the mixture from the outside. The amount added is preferably 0.01% to 0.1% of the total weight of the admixture dry matter.
In the method of the present invention, generally, new organic waste and fats and oils are sequentially added as the organic waste is processed. Here, it is preferable to supplement the substrate raw material as necessary.
[0007]
The oil and fat used in the present invention may be any oil and fat as long as the object of the present invention is achieved, and can be selected from animal systems, plant systems, mineral systems, or mixtures thereof. For example, tempura oil, lard, soy sauce oil, meat factory waste oil, edible oil such as olive oil or cutting oil may be readily available, but those having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or higher are particularly preferable. The fats and oils are suitably adjusted to a weight of 3% or more, preferably 5% or more, more preferably 10% or more by weight of the organic waste.
As is well known, waste oil is also treated as an industrial waste and its pollution has become a pollution problem. As a treatment method, incineration is the mainstream, but secondary pollution due to air pollution is a problem. Moreover, in order to use the waste oil as a fuel, a waste oil refining device is separately required. Therefore, in the treatment method of the present invention, waste oil can be used as the above-mentioned fat. The waste oil may be any oil, such as cutting oil and tempura oil, which are generally discarded.
[0008]
Further, the filamentous fungus in the present invention means a filamentous eukaryotic fungus (mold), particularly the genus Aspergillus, Monasucus, Mucor, and Rhizopus, and particularly the genus Aspergillus and / or Monasucus having amylase and lipase activity. The genus is preferably selected.
In the treatment method according to the present invention, the admixture is suitably adjusted to 50 ° C. or lower, preferably 40 to 50 ° C. This temperature adjustment is preferably performed by blowing air, and it is particularly preferable to blow warm dry air using the exhaust heat of the generator of the blower.
Furthermore, in this invention, it also makes object also to use the substrate obtained by processing the organic waste by the organic waste processing method according to the present invention as a crude fiber feed.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described.
In a preferred embodiment of the treatment method of the present invention, organic waste and fats and oils are added to a substrate raw material to form an admixture, and filamentous fungi are grown on the admixture and the organic waste is treated by fermentation.
The organic waste treated by this method is high-concentration organic waste with a BOD of more than 10,000 ppm, such as sake lees, juice pomace, leftover rice, beer lees, distilled liquor distillate, etc. It is a material that is easy to rot.
The substrate raw material may be any fibrous raw material, starchy raw material, etc., and examples thereof include sawdust, canna waste, beet pulp, hay, bran, rice bran and wheat bran. Particularly preferred are sawdust and canna waste. Here, the ratio of the substrate raw material to the amount of the organic waste is adjusted to such a ratio that the water content of the mixture becomes 20 to 70% by weight, preferably 20 to 40% by weight after mixing.
[0010]
For example, bran has been used for waste disposal and the like, although wastes have been treated using, for example, koji molds as filamentous fungi. However, in the case of bran, the surface area for the growth of Aspergillus oryzae is so large that a large amount of oxygen is required for its growth. However, it was very difficult to supply the necessary oxygen sufficiently. On the other hand, in the case of woody substrate raw materials such as sawdust in this treatment method, the specific gravity is extremely low at 0.25 with respect to 0.5 of the specific gravity of the bran, and the surface area for the growth of koji mold is further increased, but the physical properties Is relatively hard, so the ratio of being compressed by weight during the koji making process is very low, and the gap can be maintained throughout the entire process, and the large amount of oxygen necessary for the growth of koji molds can be sufficiently supplied. is there.
[0011]
Moreover, as a filamentous fungus used by this processing method, a koji mold is especially suitable. Conventionally, thermophilic bacteria have been used for the treatment of high-concentration organic waste such as leftovers. Since these thermophilic bacteria generally ferment at 60 ° C. or higher, the calorie of the fermentation heat is very high and has been considered to be more effective. However, due to aeration required during fermentation, the thermophilic bacteria are deprived of the latent heat of vaporization, and the product temperature falls to a temperature far below the optimum fermentation temperature. On the other hand, as for the koji mold, the fermentation temperature is certainly around 40 ° C., which is lower than that of the high temperature bacteria, but by supplying sufficient oxygen, the total calories are rather higher than that of the high temperature bacteria. That is, when aeration is performed, aeration is performed (for example, when 1 ton of koji is fermented, aeration of 10 m 3 per minute is required). , Far below the optimum fermentation temperature. As a result, as a whole, the gonococcus is faster than the thermophilic bacterium.
Furthermore, koji molds can grow with about 20 to 70% by weight of water in the woody base material. In particular, by adjusting to 50% or less, the water activity can be maintained at 0.9 or less, so that the growth of bacteria can be suppressed. This koji mold can grow with a low water activity of 0.9 or less. In the case of woody substrate raw materials such as cedar and cocoons, the resin has an antibacterial action, so that the growth of bacteria is suppressed, but the gonococcus is not affected by growth inhibition.
[0012]
Furthermore, conventionally, in order to cultivate mesophilic bacteria such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae used as fermenting bacteria, it has been essential to sterilize the medium in order to eliminate harmful bacteria and the like. Because of the sterilization, useful bacteria are also eliminated. However, in a very limited environment of woody raw materials and oils and fats, only microorganisms such as koji molds that secrete a large amount of lipolytic enzyme outside the cells other than harmful bacteria grow preferentially, so there is no need for sterilization. , Mucor, Rhizopus and other microorganisms can further increase the processing speed.
In addition, when decomposing organic substances using bacteria, malodor such as ammonia generated when degrading proteins becomes a problem of secondary pollution, and it is necessary to install a special deodorizing device. This also has the effect of eliminating any bad odor such as ammonia.
[0013]
The filamentous fungus does not necessarily need to be added to the mixture in advance. In the treatment method of the present invention, since the medium is an extremely limited nutrient such as fibrous raw materials and fats and oils, microorganisms other than filamentous fungi are very difficult to grow. Because it does. However, it goes without saying that organic waste can be treated in a shorter time by adding filamentous fungi. Therefore, usually filamentous fungal spores are added. The amount added is about 0.01% to about 0.1% of the total weight. Here, the added amount is the weight combined with the bran serving as a substrate for gonococcal growth. If it is not 0.01% or more, a significant increase in the processing speed cannot be expected, and even if it is added in excess of 0.1%, the processing speed will not increase significantly. Optimally add about 0.05% of the total weight.
Here, if a small amount of starchy material such as bran is further added, the growth rate of the filamentous fungus can be increased. The growth rate increases as the amount added increases, but the risk of spoilage increases in inverse proportion to the growth rate. Therefore, the amount is preferably about 10% in the case of no sterilization.
[0014]
The fats and oils added by the above method can treat organic waste and waste oil simultaneously by using waste oil in particular. In other words, gonococci and the like secrete fatty-degrading enzymes outside the cells, so that water-insoluble oils and fats can be decomposed into water-soluble fatty acids and taken up into cells for use. Therefore, waste oil and used cutting oil from the food industry are also decomposed, and this has been confirmed by the applicant through experiments.
The fats and oils are added in an amount of 3% by weight or more, preferably 5% by weight or more of organic waste added as a nutrient such as koji mold.
[0015]
Thus, after about 40 hours have elapsed since the addition of Aspergillus, the Aspergillus grows sufficiently and predominantly. And the koji mold metabolizes the energy from fats and oils and releases the heat of fermentation. If the temperature is adjusted to 50 ° C. or less, preferably 40 to 50 ° C. by appropriately ventilating the air, the water will be dried to about 20% in about 24 hours, and the organic matter will be carbon dioxide. Breaks down into water. Therefore, it is possible to add organic waste every day and dry and extinguish it.
[0016]
The woody substrate finally treated as described above can be effectively used as a raw feed for cattle as long as it uses edible fats and oils as added fats and oils. In other words, the raw fiber feed of cattle in Japan is very high compared to the average feed price. Furthermore, wood-based pulverized products are not 1) poor in palatability of cattle and 2) resin contained in wood raw materials. Because of its antimicrobial activity, the microbial layer in the rumen of cattle is disturbed and is detrimental to health. However, the crude fiber feed comprising the woody substrate obtained by the treatment method according to the present invention was happily eaten with high cattle preference as a result of the growth of Aspergillus or the like on the surface. Furthermore, as a result of digestion of the resin by Aspergillus, there was no change in the health of the internal organs of the cow. In other words, cedar and straw chips, which have not been used effectively so far, become useful crude fiber feed by hatching.
[0017]
When organic waste is processed by the above method, the power cost of the blower required for ventilation is the main expense. This cost is extremely low as compared with the case of another processing method such as ocean dumping, forced drying by thermal power or the like.
Moreover, in air blowing, air cooling is performed while inverter-controlling the turbofan with electric power from the micro turbine. However, if the air blown by heat exchange of the exhaust heat of the micro turbine with the outside air is changed to warm dry air, The latent heat of vaporization from the water contained in the koji mold is removed without increasing the product temperature of the koji mold, and the koji mold temperature can be maintained within the predetermined range with a smaller air volume.
[0018]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. It goes without saying that the scope of the invention is not limited by the examples.
Example 1
50 liters of shochu waste liquid, 30 liters of cutting oil, and 100 g of seed mash were mixed with 100 kg of can scrap, and stirred thoroughly. At this time, the water content was around 35%. This is put into a highly heat-retaining container and allowed to stand at a room temperature of 30 ° C. Then, heat generation started after 12 hours, and the product temperature reached 35 ° C. to 40 ° C. Thereafter, the product temperature was always controlled to 50 ° C. or lower while appropriately blowing air.
When 40 hours passed after the addition of soot, the heat generation became mild and the water content was approximately 25% or less. When 70 liters of shochu liquor was added to this, the moisture became around 50%, and heat generation started again after 30 minutes after the addition. Therefore, air was appropriately blown to control the product temperature to 50 ° C. or less.
When 24 hours had elapsed after the addition, the exotherm became mild and the water in the added shochu liquor was almost evaporated to a water content of 25% or less.
Thereafter, by repeating this operation every day, 70 liters of shochu waste liquid per day could be treated semipermanently. In addition, when heat generation became weak, it was confirmed that heat generation resumed rapidly by newly adding waste oil. Also, it was sufficient to have more than 3.5 liters of waste oil to treat 70 liters of shochu waste liquid.
[0019]
Example 2
50 liters of shochu liquor, 30 liters of tempura oil and 100 g of seed meal were mixed with 100 kg of canna waste and stirred thoroughly. At this time, the water content was around 35%. This is put into a highly heat-retaining container and allowed to stand at a room temperature of 30 ° C. Then, heat generation started after 12 hours, and the product temperature reached 35 ° C. to 40 ° C. Thereafter, the product temperature was always controlled to 50 ° C. or lower while appropriately blowing air.
When 40 hours passed after the addition of soot, the heat generation became mild and the water content was approximately 25% or less. When 70 liters of shochu liquor was added to this, the moisture became around 50%, and heat generation started again after 30 minutes after the addition. Therefore, air was appropriately blown to control the product temperature to 50 ° C. or less.
When 24 hours had elapsed after the addition, the exotherm became mild, and the water in the added shochu liquor was almost evaporated to a water content of 25% or less.
Thereafter, by repeating this operation every day, 70 liters of shochu waste liquid per day could be treated semipermanently. In addition, when heat generation became weak, it was confirmed that heat generation resumed rapidly by newly adding waste oil. Also, it was sufficient to have more than 3.5 liters of waste oil to treat 70 liters of shochu waste liquid.
[0020]
Example 3
When the woody substrate treated in Example 2 was fed to cattle as feed, the palatability was very high. Furthermore, there was no change in the health of the internal organs of the cows, and there was no diarrhea.
[0021]
Example 4
In order to see if the koji molds predominately propagate in the material treated in the present invention, a general bacterial test was performed on the material treated in Example 2, and water was sprayed on the bran as a control to adjust the moisture to 35%. It was compared with the number of bacteria in the seeds added and ventilated for 3 days. The results are shown in the following table.
[Table 1]
Figure 0003753627
From this result, it is apparent that according to the method of the present invention, the propagation of general bacteria is greatly suppressed even without sterilization.
Furthermore, each saccharification power was measured in order to confirm how much the gonococci were propagated in the treated product. The measurement method is according to the National Tax Agency's prescribed analysis method. Extraction and filtration of 15 g of sample with 100 ml of physiological saline is used as an enzyme solution and starch solution is added at 30 ° C. The amount of glucose produced after 1 hour and 2 hours is determined. The saccharifying enzyme titer was used. The results are shown in the following table.
[Table 2]
Figure 0003753627
From these results, it was clearly proved that the koji molds predominately grow in this treated product.
[0022]
Example 5
A mixture of 6 tons of bran and 3 tons of shochu waste liquor was steam sterilized and cooled to 40 ° C. At this time, the water content was around 36%. Here, 4 kg of seed meal was mixed to prepare a koji. After 72 hours, the water content was approximately 17% or less. When 1 ton of shochu waste liquor and 100 liters of waste oil were added to this, the water content was around 30%, and air was blown as appropriate to control the product temperature to 40-50 ° C or lower.
After 24 hours from the addition, the water in the shochu liquor was almost evaporated to 17% or less again. Also, at this point, a part of the feed was used, and the same amount of bran (may be mixed with rice bran) could be added.
Thereafter, by repeating this operation every day, it was possible to treat 1 ton of shochu waste liquid per day semipermanently.

Claims (17)

木質系基質原料に有機性廃棄物と食用油脂を加えて水分が20〜40重量%混和物とし、混和物に麹菌を生育させてその発酵により有機性廃棄物を処理することを特徴とする牛の粗繊維飼料を製造する方法。Organic waste and edible fats and oils are added to a wooden substrate material to make a mixture of 20 to 40% by weight of water, and koji molds are grown on the mixture and the organic waste is treated by fermentation. A method for producing cattle crude fiber feed. 木質系基質原料がオガクズ、カンナ屑又はその混合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。  2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the woody substrate raw material is sawdust, canna waste, or a mixture thereof. デンプン質原料を更に添加することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の方法。  The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising adding a starchy raw material. 混和物に麹菌を自然発生させることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。  The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein koji molds are naturally generated in the mixture. 混和物に麹菌を添加することを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。  The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein koji mold is added to the mixture. 混和物乾物量の総重量の0.01%から0.1%の量の基質を含む麹菌の胞子を添加することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。  6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that gonococcal spores containing the substrate in an amount of 0.01% to 0.1% of the total weight of the admixture dry matter are added. 食用油脂が食用油脂の廃油であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし6の何れか1項に記載の方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the edible fat is a waste oil of edible fat . 有機性廃棄物の処理に応じて新たな有機性廃棄物と食用油脂を逐次添加していくことを特徴とする請求項1ないしの何れか1項に記載の方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein new organic waste and edible oil and fat are sequentially added according to the treatment of the organic waste. 有機性廃棄物は、基質原料に対して水分が20〜40重量%になるような量で加えられることを特徴とする請求項1ないしの何れか1項に記載の方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the organic waste is added in an amount such that the water content is 20 to 40% by weight with respect to the substrate raw material. 食用油脂が有機性廃棄物の3重量%以上の重量であることを特徴とする請求項1ないしの何れか1項に記載の方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the edible fat is 3% by weight or more of the organic waste. 混和物を50℃以下に調整することを特徴とする請求項1ないし10の何れか1項に記載の方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 , wherein the admixture is adjusted to 50 ° C or lower. 麹菌の品温を送風により調整することを特徴とする請求項1ないし11の何れか1項に記載の方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein the temperature of the koji mold is adjusted by blowing air. 送風機の発電機の排熱を利用して温乾風を送風することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。The method according to claim 12 , wherein hot air is blown using exhaust heat of a generator of a blower. 有機性廃棄物が、BOD10000ppm以上の高濃度有機性廃棄物であって、50%以上の水分を有しているものであることを特徴とする請求項1ないし13の何れか1項に記載の方法。Organic wastes, a high-concentration organic waste or BOD10000ppm, according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it has more than 50% moisture Method. 有機性廃棄物が、酒かす、ジュースの絞り粕、残飯、ビール粕、蒸留酒の蒸留廃液、おから、蓄糞から選択される廃棄物であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし14の何れか1項に記載の方法。Organic waste, wine lees, pomace juice, leftover food, beer lees, stillage spirits, Okara, any claims 1, characterized in that a waste selected from蓄糞14 The method according to claim 1. 麹菌が、Aspergillus属から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1ないし15の何れか1項に記載の方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15 , wherein the koji mold is selected from the genus Aspergillus. 請求項1ないし16の何れか1項に記載の方法によって得られる粗繊維飼料。A crude fiber feed obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 .
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SG200202523A SG109970A1 (en) 2001-05-11 2002-04-26 Method for treating organic waste
NZ518617A NZ518617A (en) 2001-05-11 2002-04-29 Method for treating organic waste by adding an oil inoculum so that the oil concentration is at least 3% with that of the water concentration with a mold (koji)
US10/135,784 US6703054B2 (en) 2001-05-11 2002-04-30 Method for treating organic waste
EP02291165A EP1256282B1 (en) 2001-05-11 2002-05-07 Method for treating organic waste
AT02291165T ATE272325T1 (en) 2001-05-11 2002-05-07 METHOD FOR TREATING ORGANIC WASTE
DE60200850T DE60200850T2 (en) 2001-05-11 2002-05-07 Process for the treatment of organic waste
AU38208/02A AU774236B2 (en) 2001-05-11 2002-05-07 Method for treating organic waste
DK02291165T DK1256282T3 (en) 2001-05-11 2002-05-07 Process for the treatment of organic waste
CN02121508A CN1385091A (en) 2001-05-11 2002-05-11 Method for treating organic waste material

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JP2003235465A (en) 2002-02-21 2003-08-26 Masahiro Yamamoto Method for producing malt feed using oil and fat
WO2007049755A1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2007-05-03 Yamamoto, Noriko Feed, or feed additive, for livestock weight increase
US20100233319A1 (en) * 2006-01-24 2010-09-16 Masahiro Yamamoto Method of treatment of alcoholic fermentation residue with koji mold
WO2009034615A1 (en) * 2007-09-11 2009-03-19 Haruo Uehara System for treating alcohol distillation residue
JP2010107056A (en) * 2008-10-28 2010-05-13 Asahi Kagaku Kogyo Kk Water-containing waste oil-derived fuel

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