TWI728262B - Method for fermenting organic matter rapidly - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for fermenting organic matter rapidly as well as organic fertilizer, potting soil, and a feed manufactured by the method. The method includes the steps of: deciding a fermentation raw material by selecting one or a combination from the group consisting of animal manure, kitchen waste, agricultural plant waste, and organic sludge; adding oxygen-rich material to the fermentation raw material; placing the fermentation raw material in a reaction space, wherein a working temperature is controlled between 55℃ and 90℃, and performing aeration in the reaction space; adding an additive to the fermentation raw material, wherein the ratio of the fermentation raw material to the additive is between 10,000:1 and 20,000:1, so that the organic material is fermented at the working temperature to generate an organic matter; and drying the organic matter to obtain an end product. The end product is organic fertilizer, potting soil, or a feed.

Description

Method for fast fermentation of organic matter

The invention relates to a method for quickly fermenting organic matter, and the organic fertilizer, cultivating soil and feed produced by the method.

The raw materials generally used for organic composting mainly include Platycodon grandiflorum, corn stalks, animal manure (pig manure/chicken manure/cow manure, etc.), as well as kitchen waste generated by restaurants, central kitchens, group meals, and traditional (fruit and vegetable) markets. Fruit and vegetable residue) and so on. The traditional method of composting mainly uses thermal environment, fermenting and drying methods. It takes about 2 months in summer, and longer in winter, which takes up to 3 months. . Because the composting time is too long and a large area of land is required for composting, it is time-consuming and space-consuming, and the output is limited. And during the composting period, it often emits foul smell, causing air pollution.

The patent case of Invention No. I298715 "Method and Application of Biological Compost Accumulation and Decomposition" announced on July 11, 1997, disclosed: a two-stage compost accumulation method and its application, which are related to composting Inoculate beneficial microbial strains before inoculating, and then inoculate microbial strains again in a suitable temperature range in the middle of composting. Use the microbial strains to inoculate the second microbial strains in the process of composting, so as to accelerate the compost maturity and improve The nutrient content in the compost composition can also obtain a product with a higher bacterial concentration, which can be further used to enhance the efficiency of biological composting.

There is also a patent case of Invention No. I320404 "Method for producing organic fertilizer by adding humic plant matter to organic matter raw materials" announced on February 11, 1999, which discloses that a certain amount of humic acid is added to the palm oil waste residue. Oil residue and humic acid are mixed in a ratio of 10:1, and After 30 minutes of heating at 150°C, it is transformed into an applicable organic fertilizer. It mainly involves adding a certain amount of saprophyte to organic raw materials for mixing and reaction, and heating, so that the organic raw materials are quickly converted into applicable organic fertilizers to provide agricultural fertilization applications.

The above-mentioned prior art obtains organic matter through composting. Although it is obtained by inoculating beneficial microorganisms or adding a certain amount of humic acid to obtain organic fertilizer, it is still a known concept of composting. Composting is still too long and has many restrictions. For example, the moisture content of the feed should be below 60%, and additional rice bran needs to be added. The added bacterial agents can be processed in a low proportion, which will increase the processing cost. The reaction temperature during composting was too high (150°C). The subsequent drying time is lengthy, which is easy to cause secondary fermentation and maturation and energy consumption, which increases the processing cost.

In view of this, the method of obtaining organic fertilizer through composting has the above-mentioned shortcomings. The present invention provides a method for quickly fermenting organic matter, which comprises: selecting one or a combination of the following as a fermenting raw material: animal manure, kitchen waste, agricultural plant waste, organic sludge; adding to the fermenting raw material An oxygen-enriched substance; placing the fermented raw material in a reaction space, controlling a working temperature of the reaction space, the working temperature is between 55°C and 90°C, and performing an aeration on the reaction space; adding An additive is added to the fermented raw material. The addition ratio of the fermented raw material to the additive is between 10000:1 and 20000:1, so that the additive and the fermented raw material will ferment organic matter at the working temperature. , To obtain an organic substance, and the additive system is selected from one or any combination of the following: probiotics, spores, molasses, urea, calcium powder, charcoal powder, and enzymes; the organic substance is in the reaction space or outside the reaction space A drying treatment is applied to obtain a final product.

Before the above-mentioned fermented raw materials are put into the reaction space, a crushing process is performed to crush the fermented raw materials.

During the above reaction process, the fermented raw material is stirred.

The above-mentioned oxygen-enriched material is an ozone water or a total clear strong oxidant.

The above additives further include phosphorus or potassium.

In the present invention, an electric heating is applied to regulate the working temperature.

The above-mentioned working temperature includes a first working temperature and a second working temperature, wherein the first working temperature is between 60°C and 90°C, the second working temperature is between 55°C and 85°C, and the first working temperature is between 55°C and 85°C. At temperature, the aeration system draws hot air and/or water vapor into the reaction space to assist the reaction space to maintain the first working temperature and have an oxygen-rich environment; when the second working temperature, the additives are added, The aeration is to draw the hot air into the reaction space, assist the reaction space to maintain the second working temperature and dry the organic matter.

The above-mentioned first working temperature is maintained for 15 minutes to 60 minutes, and the second working temperature is maintained for 60 minutes to 180 minutes.

The water content of the above organic matter is less than 85%, and the pH value is between 5.0 and 9.0.

The moisture content of the final product is controlled below 35%.

The above-mentioned end product is one of the following: organic fertilizer, culture soil, and feed.

The present invention is also an organic fertilizer, which is manufactured by using the above-mentioned method of fast fermentation of organic matter.

The present invention is also a kind of cultivating soil, which is manufactured by using the above-mentioned method of fast fermentation of organic matter.

The present invention is also a kind of feed, which is manufactured by using the above-mentioned method of fast fermenting organic matter.

The above technical features have the following advantages:

1. Adding ozone water or total clear strong oxidant to the fermented raw materials can eliminate anaerobic bacteria in the fermented raw materials and reduce the emission of peculiar smell in the process of fermenting organic matter. The ozone water is liquid and the total clear strong oxidizer is powder. Both can be fully mixed with fermented raw materials with the aid of stirring to effectively remove anaerobic bacteria.

2. Precisely control the working temperature of the reaction space, and then use the probiotics, spores, molasses, urea, calcium powder, charcoal powder, enzymes, etc. in the additives to increase the number of decomposing bacteria and other types of bacteria, and at the same time The fermented raw materials are stirred, so that the operation of fermenting organic matter can be completed quickly.

3. In the process of fermenting organic matter, the aeration system at the first working temperature introduces hot air or/and water vapor, which can assist in heating the reaction space and construct an oxygen-rich environment, while the aeration at the second working temperature is introduced Hot air can help maintain the temperature of the reaction space and dry the organic matter.

4. Through crushing treatment, agricultural plant waste can be effectively crushed, so that it can increase the contact area with bacteria or microorganisms to speed up the fermentation and reaction speed.

5. The moisture content of the final product such as organic fertilizer, culture soil, feed, etc. can reach 35% or less, which is in line with the norms of poultry manure organic fertilizer.

1: Fermented raw materials

A: Fermentation device

A1: reaction space

A2: Stirring rod

[The first figure] is a flow chart of the steps of the method for quickly fermenting organic matter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[The second figure] is a schematic diagram of the fermented raw materials placed in the reaction space according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[The third figure] is the comparison result of the sprouting of cultivated Chinese cabbage for the final products A, B, and C prepared in the examples of the present invention.

[Fourth figure] is the control result of the cultivation of Chinese cabbage sprouting with Taiwan fertilizer Heiwangte, raw chicken manure and chemical fertilizers in the examples of the present invention.

[The fifth figure] is the control result of the cultivation of mung bean sprouting with distilled water and the final products D, E, F, G, H and I in the embodiment of the present invention.

Please refer to the first and second figures. The present invention is a method for fast fermentation of organic matter. The embodiment includes the following steps: one or a combination of the following is selected as a raw material for fermentation: animal feces, kitchen waste, Agricultural plant waste, organic sludge. Among them, the animal feces can be pigs, cows, sheep, chickens, ducks, or Poultry manure such as geese. The food waste includes: fruit and vegetable residues, coffee residues, tea residues, leftovers, expired starches such as corn flour or sweet potato flour, etc., vinasse or bean dregs. The agricultural plant waste can be corn stalks, rice bran, coarse bran, platycodon, mushroom-planting waste space bag, palm residue or fallen leaves. Organic sludge can be sludge waste produced in the process of a food factory, a pulp factory or a winery. However, the above various fermented raw materials are just examples, not limited to them.

Oxygen-enriched materials are added to the fermented raw materials. The oxygen-enriched materials can be ozone water or a total clear strong oxidant. The added oxygen-enriched materials help remove anaerobic bacteria in the fermented raw materials and reduce the emission of peculiar smell. Liquid ozone water or powdered total cleansing strong oxidant will help to fully mix with fermented raw materials.

Put the animal manure, the food waste, the agricultural plant waste, organic sludge and other fermented raw materials (1) into a reaction space (A1) of a fermenter (A), and the reaction space (A1) ) A stirring rod (A2) with spiral blades is arranged across the inner system. The reaction space (A1) is maintained at a first working temperature through electric heating or other heat sources, the first working temperature is between 60°C and 90°C, and the time is maintained between 15 minutes and 60 minutes. In addition, an aeration is applied to the reaction space (A1), such as diverting hot air to pass through the reaction space (A1). The aeration operation can assist in heating the reaction space (A1) and make the reaction space (A1) reach faster The first working temperature of 60°C to 90°C. At the same time, the continuous drainage of hot air also enables the reaction space (A1) to form an oxygen-rich environment, which accelerates the elimination of anaerobic bacteria in the fermented raw material (1). In addition, if the fermented raw material (1) is a substance with low humidity, the aeration operation can also introduce water vapor into the reaction space (A1) in a timely manner to increase the humidity of the fermented raw material (1). If it is necessary to increase the specific surface area of the fermented raw material (1), before the fermented raw material (1) is placed in the reaction space (A1), a crushing treatment can be performed to crush the fermented raw material (1). For example, a relatively large volume of fermented raw material (1) is first subjected to a rough crushing process to turn it into a small volume of fermented raw material (1), and then a fine crushing process is performed to remove the small volume of fermented raw material (1) ) Is crushed, and then subjected to a sieving treatment to remove the fermented raw material (1) or impurities that cannot be crushed. Finally, the crushed fermented raw material (1) is placed in the reaction space (A1). The crushing treatment is mainly aimed at the harder agricultural products such as palm residue and corn stalks. Plant waste is processed, and the crushed fermented raw material (1) increases the contact area with bacteria or microorganisms.

Add an additive to the reaction space (A1), the addition ratio of the fermented raw material (1) to the additive is between 10000:1 and 20000:1, and the additive system is selected from one or any of the following Combination: probiotics, spores, molasses, urea, calcium powder, charcoal powder, enzymes. The additive can increase the number of decomposing bacteria and other types of bacteria, speed up the fermentation of organic matter, and obtain an organic matter. In this step, the aeration is continued, and hot air is drawn through the reaction space (A1), and the reaction space (A1) is maintained at a second working temperature, which is controlled at 55°C to 85°C In between, the time is maintained between 60 minutes and 180 minutes. Hot air flowing through the reaction space (A1) can assist the reaction space (A1) to maintain the temperature while drying the organic matter. The additives can also be phosphorus or potassium, so that the content of phosphorus or potassium in the organic matter can be increased, so that it can meet the specifications of fertilizer standards. The stirring rod (A2) with spiral blades can be used to fully stir the fermented raw materials (1) and the additives to make the two react reliably, avoid the formation of dead corners, and accelerate the fermented organic matter. The water content of the organic matter fermented in this step is less than 85%, and the pH value is between 5.0 and 9.0. During the fermentation process, the moisture of the fermentation raw material (1) or the water generated by the introduction of water vapor during the aeration process is condensed on the top of the reaction space (A1), and then along the inner layer of the reaction space (A1) The walls converge and then exit the reaction space (A1).

Finally, within the reaction space (A1) or outside the reaction space (A1), a drying treatment is applied to the organic matter to obtain a final product. If the drying process is performed in the reaction space (A1), the reaction space (A1) is continuously aerated, and the water content of the final product is lower than 35% by introducing hot air with stirring and turning the stack. The final product obtained is one of the following: organic fertilizer, culture soil, and feed.

The following operations can verify the efficacy of the present invention.

Operation 1: The total weight of fermented raw materials is 10KG, including 8.57KG of chicken manure and 1.43KG of coarse bran. The configuration of the carbon-nitrogen ratio of fermented raw materials is 6 parts of chicken manure with a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 10:1, and 1 part of raw material with a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 75:1. Bran, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw materials for fermenting is 19.28:1. The additive system is to first add 500ml of ozone water, 0.5g of probiotics, 0.5g of activated carbon powder, 15g of molasses, and mix with 150ml of ozone water. Hold the temperature and turn the pile for 15 minutes. The total weight of the fermented organic matter after the end is 15.19KG. Obtain the data in Table 1 below.

Operation 2: The total weight of fermented raw materials is 10KG, including 8.57KG of chicken manure and 1.43KG of coarse bran, plus 3.0KG of water. The configuration of the carbon to nitrogen ratio of fermented raw materials is 6 parts of chicken manure with a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 10:1 and 1 part of crude bran with a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 75:1, so that the carbon to nitrogen ratio of the fermented raw materials is 19.28:1. The additive system is to add 0.5g of total cleansing oxidant, 0.5g probiotics, and 30g of molasses, and then add 0.5g of total cleansing oxidant after turning the pile for 30 minutes. The total weight after fermentation is 17.96KG. Obtain the data in Table 2 below.

Operation 3: The total weight of fermented raw materials is 10KG, including 8.57KG of chicken manure and 1.43KG of coarse bran, plus 3.0KG of water. The configuration of the carbon to nitrogen ratio of fermented raw materials is 6 parts of chicken manure with a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 10:1 and 1 part of crude bran with a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 75:1, so that the carbon to nitrogen ratio of the fermented raw materials is 19.28:1. The additive system is to add 1.0g of total cleansing strong oxidant, 25g of calcium carbonate, 1g of spores, and 25g of activated carbon powder. The total weight after fermentation is 19.60KG. Obtain the data in Table 3 below.

From the above operation results, it can be known that the method of the present invention for fast fermentation of organic matter is different from traditional composting, which can be completed quickly in only three hours, and can improve the long-term disadvantages of traditional compost manufacturing that is time-consuming and takes up a lot of space. Moreover, there is almost no odor in the process of manufacturing organic matter, so it will not cause air pollution in the environment.

The present invention is also an organic fertilizer, which is manufactured by using the above-mentioned method of fast fermentation of organic matter. The organic fertilizer is used for fertilization by delicate agriculture, orchid farmers, fruit farmers, organic farmers, forestry operators, soil improvement operators, agricultural material dealers and flower manufacturers.

The present invention is also a kind of cultivating soil, which is manufactured by using the above-mentioned method of fast fermentation of organic matter. The cultivating soil is used as a base material for planting plants and flowers by exquisite agriculture, orchid farmers, fruit farmers, organic farmers, forestry operators, soil improvers, agricultural material dealers, and flower manufacturers.

The present invention is also a kind of feed, which is manufactured by using the above-mentioned method of fast fermenting organic matter. The feed system can be used to feed earthworms, black water flies and so on.

Furthermore, the final product made by the present invention is also subjected to the actual operation of cultivating the germination rate of Chinese cabbage. There are three groups of final products for operation, and each group uses 50 Chinese cabbage seeds to operate at a constant temperature of 25°C to calculate the germination rate. The operating conditions are:

Final product A (steam composting): 3kg chicken manure, 7kg corn stalks, first add 500ml ozone water, hold the temperature and turn for 15 minutes, then add (probiotics 0.5g + activated carbon powder 4.5g + molasses 15g mixed with 150ml ozone water).

Final product B (steam compost): 3kg chicken manure, 7kg crude bran, first add 500ml ozone water, hold the temperature and turn for 15 minutes, then add (probiotic 0.5g + activated carbon powder 4.5g + urea 15g mixed with 150ml ozone water).

Final product C (steam compost): 3kg chicken manure, 7kg crude bran, first add 500ml ozone water, hold the temperature for 15 minutes, add (probiotics 0.5g + activated carbon powder 4.5g + molasses 7.5g + urea 7.5g mixed with 150ml ozone water ).

There are three groups in the control group, which are the fertilization methods commonly used by farmers. They are Taifei Heiwangte (composite), raw chicken manure, and chemical fertilizers. Similarly, each group uses 50 Chinese cabbage seeds at a constant temperature of 25°C to conduct experiments to calculate their germination rate.

The above-mentioned final products A, B, C, Taiwan Fertilizer Heiwangte (composite), raw chicken manure and chemical fertilizers are the results obtained after operating separately, as shown in Table 4 below, and the photos of the sprouted cabbage are shown in Figure 3 and As shown in the fourth figure.

In addition, the final product produced by the present invention can be used for actual operation of cultivating mung bean sprouting rate. There are six groups of final products for operation, and each group uses 50 mung bean seeds to operate at a constant temperature of 25°C to calculate the germination rate. The operating conditions are:

Final product D: chicken manure 3KG, crude bran 7KG, first add 500ml ozone water, hold the temperature for 15 minutes, add (probiotic 0.5g + molasses 15g mixed with 150ml ozone water).

Final product E: chicken manure 3KG, crude bran 7KG, first add 500ml ozone water, hold the temperature for 15 minutes, then add (probiotic 0.5g+active carbon powder 4.5g+molasses 15g mixed with 150ml ozone water).

Final product F: chicken manure 3KG, corn stalk 7KG, first add 500ml ozone water, hold the temperature and turn the pile for 15 minutes, then add (probiotic 0.5g+active carbon powder 4.5g+molasses 15g mixed with 150ml ozone water).

Final product G: chicken manure 3KG, crude bran 7KG, first add 500ml ozone water, hold the temperature and turn the pile for 15 minutes, then add (probiotics 0.5g + carbon powder 4.5g + urea 15g mixed with 150ml ozone water).

Final product H: chicken manure 3KG, crude bran 7KG, first add 500ml ozone water, hold the temperature for 15 minutes, then add (probiotic 0.5g + activated carbon powder 4.5g + molasses 7.5g + urea 7.5g mixed with 150ml ozone water).

Final product I: chicken manure 5KG, crude bran 5KG, first add 500ml ozone water, hold the temperature and turn for 15 minutes, then add (probiotic 0.5g+active carbon powder 4.5g+molasses 7.5g+urea 7.5g mixed with 150ml ozone water).

The control group has a group of distilled water, and 50 mung bean seeds are also used in the experiment at a constant temperature of 25°C to calculate the germination rate.

The results obtained after the above-mentioned final products D, E, F, G, H, I and distilled water are separately operated are shown in Table 5 below, and the photo of mung bean sprouting is shown in Figure 5.

Based on the results of the above-mentioned cultivated Chinese cabbage and mung bean germination rate, it is known that the final product produced by the present invention is substantially beneficial to the planting effect of plants compared to general chemical fertilizers.

Based on the description of the above embodiments, when the operation and use of the present invention and the effects of the present invention can be fully understood, the above embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the implementation of the present invention cannot be limited by this. The scope, that is, simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention and the content of the description of the invention, are all within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

A method for quickly fermenting organic matter, comprising the following steps: selecting one or a combination of the following as a fermented raw material: animal manure, kitchen waste, agricultural plant waste, organic sludge; adding a fermented raw material to the fermented raw material Oxygen; the fermented raw material is placed in a reaction space, a working temperature of the reaction space is controlled, the working temperature is between 55°C and 90°C, and an aeration is performed on the reaction space, the working temperature It includes a first working temperature and a second working temperature, wherein the first working temperature is between 60°C and 90°C, the second working temperature is between 55°C and 85°C, and at the first working temperature, The aeration system draws hot air and/or water vapor into the reaction space, assists the reaction space to maintain the first working temperature and has an oxygen-rich environment; at the second working temperature, an additive is added to the fermentation In the raw materials, the addition ratio of the fermented raw materials to the additives is between 10000:1 and 20000:1, and the aeration is to draw the hot air into the reaction space to assist the reaction space to maintain the second operation Temperature and dry the organic matter, the additive and the fermented raw material are fermented with the organic matter at the second working temperature to obtain an organic matter, and the additive is selected from one of the following or any combination thereof: probiotics, spores , Molasses, urea, calcium powder, charcoal powder, enzymes; apply a drying treatment to the organic matter in the reaction space or outside the reaction space to obtain a final product whose moisture content is controlled below 35%. For example, the method for fast fermentation of organic matter in claim 1, wherein the fermented raw material is subjected to a crushing process before being placed in the reaction space, so that the fermented raw material is crushed. For example, the method for fast fermentation of organic matter in claim 1, wherein the fermentation raw material is stirred during the reaction process. For example, the method for fast fermentation of organic matter according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen-enriched substance is an ozone water or a total clear strong oxidant. According to claim 1, the method for rapidly fermenting organic matter, wherein the additive further includes phosphorus or potassium. For example, the method for fast fermentation of organic matter in claim 1, wherein an electric heat is applied to regulate the working temperature. For example, the method for fast fermentation of organic matter in claim 1, wherein the first working temperature is maintained for 15 minutes to 60 minutes, and the second working temperature is maintained for 60 minutes to 180 minutes. For example, the method for fast fermentation of organic matter of claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the organic matter is less than 85%, and the pH value is between 5.0 and 9.0. For example, the method for fast fermentation of organic matter in claim 1, wherein the end product is one of the following: organic fertilizer, culture soil, and feed.

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