JP2002336822A - Treatment method for organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a treatment method which is capable of extremely efficiently and rapidly treating organic wastes of a high concentration and to provide an application for the treated matter treated by such method. SOLUTION: The organic wastes of >=10,000 ppm in BOD and such a high concentration as to have moisture of >=50% and fats and oils of waste oils, etc., are added to substrate raw materials, such as sawdust, wood shavings and bran, to form an intimate mixture. Mold, such as aspergillus, is grown in this intimate mixture and the organic wastes are treated by the fermentation thereof. The substrate obtained by the treatment is coarse fiber feed adequate for breeding of domestic animals, such as cows.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a novel method for treating organic wastes, and more particularly, to a method for treating high-concentration organic wastes having a BOD of 10,000 ppm or more, such as sake liquor and garbage. The present invention also relates to a crude fiber feed comprising a wood-based substrate obtained by the treatment method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The disposal of high-concentration organic waste such as garbage has been a pollution problem. The reason for this is that they contain a large amount of water and rot and produce odor. Furthermore, if these substances are disposed of in landfill, they will rot and decompose in the soil, producing a large amount of nitrate nitrogen, causing groundwater pollution. Also, when incinerated, dioxins and NOx are generated, causing air pollution. In addition, the amount of organic waste tends to increase year by year. Therefore, in order to collect and recycle more waste, in recent years, a method of fermenting organic waste into compost or a processing method of decomposing has been taken, but in the conventional method, The treatment requires several months, and when used in large quantities due to the problem of salt contained in the compost, there is a risk of salt damage and the amount of use is limited.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a main object of the present invention is to efficiently remove organic waste such as sake lees and garbage, particularly high-concentration organic waste having a BOD of 10,000 ppm or more. Another object of the present invention is to provide a processing method that can perform processing in a short time. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for treating organic waste, which can be in a form capable of easily disposing of a large amount of waste, and an application of the treated material thus treated. .

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of diligent research for achieving the above object, the present applicant has found that when organic waste is added to a substrate raw material and the organic waste is treated with filamentous fungi, the fat and oil are further increased. It was found that when combined with the above, the filamentous fungus assimilates the fat and oil and efficiently converts it into fermentation heat. In other words, the present inventor has found that organic waste can be efficiently treated by utilizing oils and fats as an energy source and dramatically improving the rate of decomposition and drying of organic matter by filamentous fungi. And even more surprisingly, when ammonia gas and acetic acid are generated, it is possible to prevent the generation by mixing the oil and fat to some extent, that is, to suppress the proliferation of putrefactive bacteria represented by acetic acid bacteria by adding the oil and fat. I found that I can do it. Thus, the method for treating organic waste according to the present invention comprises the steps of adding an organic waste and fats and oils to a substrate material to form a mixture, growing the filamentous fungus in the mixture, and treating the organic waste by fermentation. It is characterized by doing. By adding fats and oils as nutrients in this way, the processing speed of organic wastes, particularly high-concentration organic wastes, can be significantly improved.

[0005] In the present invention, the organic waste to be treated may be of any type.
A high-concentration organic waste of 000 ppm or more,
Those having a water content of at least% are targeted. Such organic wastes include, for example, sake lees, juice pomace, residual rice, beer lees, distilled liquor of distilled spirits, okara, and feces. Such organic wastes preferably have a water content of 20 to 70% by weight, preferably 20 to 70% by weight, based on the substrate material.
It is added in such an amount that it becomes 40% by weight.

The substrate material used in the treatment method of the present invention may be any material as long as the object of the invention can be achieved, but it is basically preferable to use a pulverized wood material. It is preferable to use sawdust, canna waste or a mixture thereof. In the above,
The filamentous fungi may be naturally generated in the mixture, or may be added to the mixture from outside. The amount added is preferably from 0.01% to 0.1% of the total weight of the dry matter of the admixture. In the method of the present invention, generally, as the organic waste is treated, new organic waste and fats and oils are successively added. Here, it is preferable to supplement the substrate raw material as necessary.

[0007] The oils and fats used in the present invention may be any fats and oils as long as the object of the present invention is achieved, and can be selected from animal, plant, mineral and mixtures thereof. For example, edible oil such as tempura oil, lard, soy sauce oil, meat factory waste oil, edible oil such as olive oil or cutting oil may be used, but those having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or more are particularly preferable. The fats and oils are suitably adjusted to weigh at least 3%, preferably at least 5%, more preferably at least 10% by weight of the organic waste.
Also, as is well known, disposal of waste oil as industrial waste has become a problem of pollution, and incineration is the mainstream as a treatment method, but secondary pollution of air pollution is a problem. Moreover, in order to use the waste oil as a fuel, a separate device for purifying the waste oil is required. Thus, in the treatment method of the present invention, waste oil can be used as the above-mentioned fat or oil. The waste oil may be any one such as generally discarded cutting oil, tempura oil and the like.

[0008] The filamentous fungus in the present invention means a filamentous eukaryotic fungus (mold), particularly a genus Aspergillus, Monasuc.
The genus us, the genus Mucor and the genus Rhizopus, and particularly the genus Aspergillus and / or Monasucus having amylase and lipase activity are suitably selected. In the treatment method according to the present invention, the mixture is suitably adjusted to 50 ° C or lower, preferably 40 to 50 ° C. This temperature adjustment is preferably performed by blowing air, and in particular, it is preferable to blow warm dry air using exhaust heat of a generator of the blower. Furthermore, the present invention is also directed to using the substrate obtained by treating the organic waste by the method for treating organic waste according to the present invention as a crude fiber feed.

[0009]

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below. In a preferred embodiment of the treatment method of the present invention, an organic waste and fats and oils are added to a substrate material to form a mixture, and the mixture is grown with a filamentous fungus, and the organic waste is treated by fermentation. The organic waste treated by the present method is a high-concentration organic waste having a BOD of more than 10,000 ppm, such as sake cake, juice pomace, residual rice, beer lees, and distilled liquor, and has a water content of 50%. It is a substance that easily rots. The substrate raw material may be any material such as a fibrous raw material and a starchy raw material, and examples thereof include sawdust, canna waste, beet pulp, hay, bran, rice bran, and wheat bran. Particularly preferably, sawdust and canna waste are used. Here, the ratio of the substrate raw material to the amount of the organic waste is adjusted so that the water content of the mixture after mixing is 20 to 70% by weight, preferably 20 to 40% by weight.

Although wastes have been treated by using, for example, koji mold as a filamentous fungus, for example, bran has been used for garbage disposal and the like. However, in the case of bran, the surface area for the growth of Aspergillus is very large, and a large amount of oxygen is required for its growth, but the physical properties of the bran are soft and the pores are compressed by the weight during the koji making process, resulting in ventilation. Was very poor, and it was very difficult to supply the required oxygen sufficiently. In contrast, in the case of wood-based substrate raw materials such as sawdust in the present treatment method,
The specific gravity is extremely light, 0.25 with respect to the specific gravity of bran, which is 0.25, and the surface area for the growth of koji molds is further increased, but its physical properties are relatively hard. In addition, there is an advantage that a gap can be maintained throughout the entire process and a large amount of oxygen necessary for propagation of koji mold can be sufficiently supplied.

As the filamentous fungus used in the present treatment method, koji mold is particularly preferred. Conventionally, high-temperature bacteria have been used for treating high-concentration organic wastes such as garbage. Since these thermophilic bacteria generally ferment at 60 ° C. or higher, the calories of the heat of fermentation have been considered to be very high and more effective. However, due to the ventilation required during fermentation, the thermophilic bacteria are deprived of latent heat of vaporization and the product temperature drops to a temperature far below the optimum fermentation temperature. On the other hand, aspergillus has a fermentation temperature of about 40 ° C., which is lower than that of thermophilic bacteria, but the calorie as a whole is higher than that of thermophilic bacteria by supplying sufficient oxygen. That is, aeration is performed when fermentation is performed (for example, when 1 ton of koji is fermented, aeration of 10 m ³ per minute is required). However, the fermentation temperature is far below the optimal temperature. As a result, as a whole, the processing speed of koji mold is higher than that of thermophilic bacteria. Furthermore, aspergillus can grow with a water content of about 20 to 70% by weight of a wood-based substrate material. In particular, by adjusting the water activity to 50% or less, the water activity is reduced to 0.5%.
Since it can be maintained at 9 or less, the growth of bacteria can be suppressed. The Aspergillus niger can grow with a low water activity of 0.9 or less. In the case of woody substrate materials such as cedar and cypress, the resin has an antibacterial effect, so that the growth of bacteria is suppressed, but the growth of koji mold is not inhibited.

Further, conventionally, in order to culture mesophilic bacteria such as koji mold used as fermentative bacteria, sterilization of the medium has been indispensable in order to eliminate harmful bacteria and the like. For the sterilization, useful bacteria are also eliminated. However, in the extremely limited environment of wood-based raw materials and oils and fats, only microorganisms such as Aspergillus or the like that secrete a large amount of lipolytic enzymes outside the cells other than harmful bacteria grow preferentially, eliminating the need for sterilization. , Muco
The processing speed can be further increased by the interaction of microorganisms such as r and Rhizopus. In addition, in the decomposition of organic substances using bacteria, the malodor such as ammonia generated when decomposing proteins becomes a problem as secondary pollution, and special deodorizing equipment needs to be installed. Accordingly, an effect of completely eliminating generation of an odor such as ammonia is also exerted.

[0013] The filamentous fungus need not necessarily be added to the mixture in advance. In the treatment method of the present invention, since the culture medium is an extremely limited nutrient such as a fibrous raw material and an oil or fat, microorganisms other than the filamentous fungus are very difficult to grow, and if the time is short, the filamentous fungus, particularly the koji mold, is naturally generated. Because you do. Nevertheless, it goes without saying that the addition of filamentous fungi makes it possible to treat organic waste in a short time. Therefore, spores of filamentous fungi are usually added. At this time, about 0.01% to about 0.1% of the total weight is added. Here, the amount of addition is the total weight of the brass serving as the substrate for growing the koji mold. If it is not 0.01% or more, a significant increase in the processing speed cannot be expected, and even if it exceeds 0.1%, the processing speed will not be significantly increased further. Optimally, about 0.05% of the total weight is added. Here, if a slight amount of starch-based material such as bran is further added, the growth rate of the filamentous fungi can be increased. The growth rate increases as the amount added increases, but the risk of spoilage increases in inverse proportion thereto.
0%.

The fats and oils added by the above method can be used to treat organic waste and waste oil at the same time, especially by using waste oil. In other words, aspergillus or the like secretes lipolytic enzymes outside the cells, so that water-insoluble fats and oils can be decomposed into water-soluble fatty acids and taken up into cells for use. Therefore, waste oil from the food industry and used cutting oil are also decomposed, and this has been confirmed by experiments by the present applicant. The fat or oil is added in an amount of 3% by weight or more, preferably 5% by weight or more of the organic waste added as a nutrient such as koji mold.

Thus, about 40 hours after the addition of the koji mold, the koji mold grows sufficiently and predominantly. Aspergillus metabolizes energy from fats and oils to release heat of fermentation. If the temperature is adjusted to 50 ° C. or lower, preferably 40 to 50 ° C. by appropriately blowing air, if 50% of the moisture is dried to about 20% in about 24 hours, the organic matter is reduced to carbon dioxide. Decomposes into water. Therefore, organic waste can be added every day and dried and extinguished.

The wood-based substrate finally treated as described above can be effectively used as a crude fiber feed for cattle as long as it uses edible oils and fats as added oils and fats. That is, the crude fiber feed of cattle in Japan is very high compared to the average feed price at present, and wood-based pulverized products are 1) cows with poor palatability and do not eat, 2) resin contained in woody raw materials Due to the antimicrobial activity of microbes, the microbial layer in the bovine rumen is disturbed and the health is impaired. However, the crude fiber feed comprising a wood-based substrate obtained by the treatment method according to the present invention had a high palatability of cattle as a result of growth of koji mold and the like on the surface, and was happily eaten. Further, as a result of digestion of the resins by Aspergillus oryzae, no change in the health condition of the internal organs of the cow was observed. In other words, cedar and cypress chips, which had not been used effectively until now, become kojited into useful crude fiber feed.

When the organic waste is treated by the above method, the main cost is the electric power cost of the blower required for ventilation. This cost is extremely low as compared with the case of using another treatment method such as marine dumping, forced drying by thermal power or the like.
In the air blowing, the air is cooled by inverter control of the turbo fan with the electric power from the microturbine, but if the air blown by exchanging the exhaust heat of the microturbine with the outside air is warm dry air, the koji mold is Thus, the latent heat of vaporization from the water contained in the koji mold is deprived without raising the temperature of the koji mold, and the temperature of the koji mold can be maintained in the above-mentioned predetermined range with a smaller air volume.

[0018]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. It goes without saying that the scope of the invention is not limited by the examples. Example 1 50 liters of shochu waste liquid and cutting oil 30 per 100 kg of canna waste
One liter and 100 g of seed koji were mixed and thoroughly stirred. At this time, the water content was about 35%. This is put into a container having a high heat retention and left at room temperature of 30 ° C. Then 1
Heat generation started 2 hours later, and the product temperature reached 35 ° C to 40 ° C. Thereafter, the temperature of the product is constantly maintained at 50
C. or less. Forty hours after the addition of the koji, the heat generation became moderate, and the water content became approximately 25% or less. When 70 liters of shochu waste liquid was added thereto, the water content became about 50%, and the heat generation became active again after about 30 minutes had elapsed since the addition, so that air was blown appropriately to control the product temperature to 50 ° C or lower. 24 hours after the addition, the heat generation became moderate, and the water in the added shochu waste liquid was almost evaporated, and the water content became 25% or less. Thereafter, by repeating this operation every day, it was possible to semi-permanently treat 70 liters of shochu waste liquid per day. At the time when the heat generation became weak, it was confirmed that the heat generation was rapidly restarted by newly adding waste oil. Further, in order to treat 70 liters of shochu waste liquid, 3.5 liters or more of waste oil was sufficient.

Example 2 100 kg of canna waste was mixed with 50 liters of shochu waste liquid, 30 liters of tempura oil and 100 g of seed koji, and thoroughly stirred. At this time, the water content was about 35%. This is put into a container having a high heat retention and left at room temperature of 30 ° C. Then, heat generation started after 12 hours, and the product temperature was changed from 35 ° C to 4 ° C.
0 ° C. was reached. Thereafter, the product temperature was constantly controlled to 50 ° C. or lower while appropriately blowing air. Forty hours after the addition of the koji, the heat generation became moderate, and the water content became approximately 25% or less. When 70 liters of shochu waste liquid was added thereto, the water content became about 50%, and after about 30 minutes had passed since the addition, heat generation became active again.
It was controlled as follows. 24 hours after the addition, the heat generation became moderate, and the water in the added shochu waste liquid was almost evaporated, and the water content became 25% or less. Thereafter, by repeating this operation every day, it was possible to semi-permanently treat 70 liters of shochu waste liquid per day. At the time when the heat generation became weak, it was confirmed that the heat generation was rapidly restarted by newly adding waste oil. Further, in order to treat 70 liters of shochu waste liquid, 3.5 liters or more of waste oil was sufficient.

Example 3 When the woody substrate (koji) treated in Example 2 was fed to cattle as a feed, the palatability was very high. Furthermore, there was no change in the internal health of the cow, and there was no diarrhea.

Example 4 In order to check whether or not the koji mold was predominantly propagating in the material treated in the present invention, a general bacterial test was performed on the material treated in Example 2, and as a control, water was sprayed on bran to remove water. The seeds were adjusted to 35% and seed koji was added. After ventilation for 3 days, the number of bacteria was compared. The results are shown in the following table.

[Table 1] From these results, it is apparent that the method of the present invention significantly suppresses the growth of general bacteria even without sterilization. Further, the saccharification power of each of the treated products was measured in order to confirm how much the koji mold had propagated. According to the analysis method prescribed by the National Tax Agency, a 15 g sample was extracted and filtered with 100 ml of physiological saline, and a starch solution was added at 30 ° C. as an enzyme solution. One hour and two hours later, the amount of glucose produced was quantified. Saccharification enzyme titer. The results are shown in the following table.

[Table 2] This result clearly proved that the koji mold was dominantly growing in the treated product.

Example 5 A mixture of 6 tons of bran and 3 tons of shochu waste liquid was steam-sterilized.
Cooled to 40 ° C. At this time, the water content was around 36%. To this was mixed 4 g of seed koji to make koji. After 72 hours, the water content was approximately 17% or less. Shochu waste liquid 1
Tons and 100 liters of waste oil add 30% moisture
Before and after, air was blown appropriately to control the product temperature to 40 to 50 ° C or lower. Twenty-four hours after the addition, the water in the shochu waste liquor was almost evaporated and became 17% or less again. At this time, part of the feed was used, and the same amount of bran (rice bran may be mixed) could be added. Thereafter, by repeating this operation every day, it was possible to semi-permanently treat 1 ton of shochu waste liquid per day.

Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat II (reference) A23K 1/10 A23K 1/16 301H 1/12 C12N 1/00 S 1/16 301 C12R 1: 645 C12N 1/00 B09B 3/00 ZABA // (C12N 1/00 D C12R 1: 645) F term (reference) 2B150 AA02 AB20 CA02 CA03 CA13 CA17 CA32 CC01 CC02 CC04 CC06 CD37 4B065 AA58X BB10 BB22 BB26 BC32 BC33 BC34 BC41 CA55 4D004 AA02 AA03 AA04 BA04 CA15 CA18 CA22 CB04 CB21 CB36 CC07 CC08 CC15 DA03 DA06 DA09 DA10

Claims (21)

[Claims] An organic waste, comprising: adding an organic waste and an oil or fat to a substrate raw material to form a mixture; growing a filamentous fungus in the mixture; and treating the organic waste by fermentation. Processing method. 2. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the substrate material is a fibrous material. 3. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 2, wherein the fibrous raw material is sawdust, canned waste or a mixture thereof. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate material is a starch material. 5. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein a starch-based raw material is further added. 6. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein a filamentous fungus is spontaneously generated in the mixture. 7. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein a filamentous fungus is added to the mixture. 8. The organic waste according to claim 7, wherein spores of a filamentous fungus containing a substrate in an amount of 0.01% to 0.1% of the total weight of the dry matter of the mixture are added. Processing method. 9. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the fat or oil is waste oil. 10. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the fat or oil is selected from animal, plant, mineral and mixtures thereof. 11. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the fats and oils are edible fats and oils and cutting oils. 12. The organic waste according to claim 1, wherein new organic waste and fats and oils are sequentially added according to the processing of the organic waste. Processing method. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the organic waste is added in such an amount that the water content is 20 to 70% by weight, preferably 20 to 40% by weight, based on the raw material of the substrate. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1. 14. The method according to claim 14, wherein the fat or oil is at least 3% by weight of the organic waste.
The method for treating organic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the weight is preferably 5% by weight or more, more preferably 10% by weight or more. 15. The mixture is heated to 50 ° C. or lower, preferably 40 ° C.
The temperature is adjusted to 50 to 50 ° C.
The method for treating organic waste according to any one of claims 4 to 10. 16. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the filamentous fungus is adjusted by blowing air. 17. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 16, wherein warm dry air is blown by utilizing exhaust heat of a generator of the blower. 18. The method according to claim 18, wherein the organic waste is BOD10000p
2. A high-concentration organic waste having a water content of 50% or more, which is a high-concentration organic waste of not less than pm.
18. The method for treating organic waste according to any one of claims 17 to 17. 19. The organic waste may be liquor, squeezed cake of juice, sewage, beer cake, distilled liquor of distilled liquor, okara,
19. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the waste is a waste selected from feces. 20. The filamentous fungus is of the genus Aspergillus, Monascus.
The method for treating organic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the method is selected from the genus, the genus Mucor, and the genus Rhizopus. 21. A crude fiber feed comprising a substrate obtained by treating an organic waste by the method for treating an organic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein an edible fat is used as the fat.