JP2011511214A - 鉄道車両用の継目無管からの車軸、および鉄道車両用の継目無鋼管からの車軸を製造するための方法 - Google Patents
鉄道車両用の継目無管からの車軸、および鉄道車両用の継目無鋼管からの車軸を製造するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
- B21K1/10—Making machine elements axles or shafts of cylindrical form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
- B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
- B60B35/04—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque straight
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
- B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
- B60B35/08—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque of closed hollow section
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/02—Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0405—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/10—Railway vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
−合金材料を融解し、合金鋼を生成し、
−該溶融材料を鋳造し、鋳塊化製品を形成し、
−穿孔のため再熱炉中で該鋳塊化製品を再加熱し、
−該鋳塊化製品を穿孔し、
−該穿孔化製品を延伸し、中空素管を形成し、
−該中空素管を仕上げ加工し、それらを継目無管に変形させ、
−該継目無管を鍛造し、それらを鉄道車両用の継目無管から鍛造される車軸に変形させること。
Claims (36)
- 鉄道車両用の継目無鋼管から鍛造される車軸であって、0.22〜0.42質量%の炭素、1.10〜1.70質量%のマンガンから構成される合金鋼材料を含み、該完成車軸が、最小耐力520MPa、最小引張強度750MPaおよび最小伸び率16%の特性を有することを特徴とする、車軸。
- 前記合金材料が以下の元素:0.020質量%以下の硫黄、0.020質量%以下のリン、0.10〜0.45質量%のアルミニウム、0.10〜0.35質量%のケイ素、0.10〜0.30質量%のモリブデン、0.010〜0.050質量%のニオブ、および0.05〜0.27質量%のバナジウムの少なくとも一つを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の車軸。
- 前記合金材料が0.022〜0.32質量%の炭素および1.10〜1.40質量%のマンガンを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の車軸。
- 前記合金材料が0.32〜0.42質量%の炭素および1.40〜1.70質量%のマンガンを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の車軸。
- 前記合金材料が0.010質量%以下のリンを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の車軸。
- 前記合金材料が0.010質量%以下の硫黄を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の車軸。
- 最小の疲労限度120MPaを示すことを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の車軸。
- 最小の疲労限度170MPaを示すことを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の車軸。
- 鉄道車両用の継目無鋼管から鍛造される車軸を製造するための方法であって、以下の段階:
−合金材料を融解し、合金鋼材料を生成し、
−該溶融材料を鋳造し、鋳塊化製品を形成し、
−再熱炉中で該鋳塊化製品の穿孔のために再加熱し、
−該鋳塊化製品を穿孔し、
−該穿孔化製品を延伸し、中空素管を形成し、
−該中空素管を仕上げ加工し、それらを継目無管に変形し、
−該継目無管を鍛造し、それらを鉄道車両用の継目無管から鍛造される車軸に変形すること、を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記融解段階後、前記合金の化学組成の調整がなされ、カルシウム−ケイ素による冶金処理が行われるポット炉中での第2精錬段階を含むことを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の方法。
- それが前記第2精錬段階後に真空脱気段階を含む
ことを特徴とする、請求項9または10に記載の方法。 - 前記鋳造段階が電磁攪拌下で行われることを特徴とする、請求項9〜11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記鋳造段階後、前記鋳塊化製品が、1〜48時間の間にわたり880℃〜1300℃の温度で補助再加熱段階を受けることを特徴とする、請求項9〜12のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記補助再加熱段階後、圧延段階を含むことを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記鋳塊化製品穿孔用の前記再加熱段階が1000℃〜1300℃間の温度で再熱炉中において行われることを特徴とする、請求項9〜14のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記中空素管を820℃〜980℃間で再加熱する段階が該中空素管を仕上げ加工する段階の前で行われることを特徴とする、請求項9〜15のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記仕上げ加工段階後、前記継目無管が冷却床にさらされることを特徴とする、請求項9〜16のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記鍛造段階前に、前記継目無管が焼きならされ、そこでそれらが少なくとも10分間の均熱時間にわたり880℃〜950℃間の温度に保持され、次に、それらが空気冷却にさらされることを特徴とする、請求項9〜17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記鍛造段階前に、前記継目無管が焼き入れされ、そこで該継目無管が少なくとも10分間の均熱時間にわたり880℃〜950℃間の温度に保持され、次に、該車軸管の焼き戻しが水および油から選択される媒体により行われることを特徴とする、請求項9〜17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記継目無管が再熱炉中で焼き戻され、そこでそれらが少なくとも10分間の均熱時間にわたり400℃〜700℃間の温度に保持され、次に、それらが空気冷却にさらされることを特徴とする、請求項17〜19のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記鍛造段階前に、前記継目無管が熱間歪み矯正され、続いて冷却床に送られることを特徴とする、請求項9〜20のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記鍛造段階前に、寸法および表面不連続点に対する非破壊試験により前記管を検査する段階を含むことを特徴とする、請求項9〜21のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記検査段階後に、前記継目無管の内面全体を機械加工することを含む仕上げ加工段階を含むことを特徴とする、請求項9〜22のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記機械加工後に、前記継目無管の前記内面の研磨が行われることを特徴とする、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記機械加工後に、前記継目無管の前記内面の艶出しが行われることを特徴とする、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記鍛造段階前に、据え込み加工段階が行われ、そこでは、前記継目無管(11)が、該厚さを増大させる領域において800℃〜1300℃間に加熱され、次に、縦の圧縮力が、据え込み工具(12)を前進させることにより該継目無管(11)の軸方向にかけられることを特徴とする、請求項9〜25のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記鍛造段階が、コンピュータ支援数値制御により統御することができる、半径方向に振動し可変コースを有する少なくとも二つの開放マトリクス(14)、補助軸方向据え込み工具(15)、および前記継目無管(13)の並進および回転用のハンドラーによって、800℃〜1300℃の範囲にある温度で行われることを特徴とする、請求項9〜26のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記鍛造段階が、前記管の少なくとも一つの端部(13)を軸方向および半径方向に圧縮し、その径を縮小し、それを鍛造された車軸に変形するマトリクス(16)によって、室温〜1300℃の温度範囲において行われることを特徴とする、請求項9〜26のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記鍛造が熱間製である場合、本方法が、さらに、該冷却が以下の媒体:空気、強制空気、水および油から選択される媒体中で行われる、該鍛造後の冷却段階を含むことを特徴とする、請求項9〜28のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 少なくとも10分間の均熱時間にわたり880℃〜950℃間の温度まで加熱するための加熱炉、および空気冷却を用いて、前記車軸管の少なくとも一部を焼きならしする段階を含むことを特徴とする、請求項9〜29のいずれかに記載の方法。
- オーステナイト化のため、少なくとも10分間の均熱時間にわたり880℃〜950℃間の温度まで加熱するための加熱炉、および焼き入れのため水中での急速冷却を用いることにより、前記車軸管の少なくとも一部を焼き入れする段階を含むことを特徴とする、請求項9〜30のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 少なくとも10分間の均熱時間にわたり400℃〜700℃間の温度まで再加熱するための加熱炉および空気冷却を用いることにより、前記車軸管の少なくとも一部を焼き戻しする段階を含むことを特徴とする、請求項9〜31のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記仕上げ段階が、以下の段階:前記管の内面をショットピーニングすること、該管を歪み矯正すること、該管の両端での検査穴の内側機械加工、該管の検査穴の内径の縁での面取り部(7)を機械加工すること、および各端部での少なくとも二つのネジ込み穴および平らな窪み穴(6)を機械加工することの少なくとも一つを含むことを特徴とする、請求項9〜32のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記仕上げ段階後に、前記鍛造車軸の少なくとも一部に適用される焼き入れおよび焼き戻しの熱処理段階を含むことを特徴とする、請求項9〜33のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記仕上げ段階後に、前記鍛造車軸上の表面欠陥を検出するための非破壊検査段階を含むことを特徴とする、請求項9〜34のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 請求項9〜35のいずれかに定義される方法により製造されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の車軸。
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BRPI0704944-7 | 2007-11-30 | ||
PCT/BR2008/000362 WO2009067773A1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-12-01 | An axle from a seamless tube for railroad vehicles, and a process for manufacturing an axle from a seamless steel tube for railroad vehicles |
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JP2017512254A (ja) * | 2014-02-25 | 2017-05-18 | ヴァローレック ドイチュラント ゲーエムベーハー | 特に各種深海用途用の各パイプラインのための変形可能な鋼から各熱間圧延シ−ムレス管材を製造するための方法、および対応する各種管材 |
WO2015129258A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-09-03 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 鉄道用車軸 |
JPWO2015129258A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-26 | 2017-03-30 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 鉄道用車軸 |
JP2017514737A (ja) * | 2014-03-27 | 2017-06-08 | ルッキーニ エッレエセ エセ.ピ.ア.Lucchini Rs S.P.A. | ホイールセットの車軸及びこれに対応する超音波検査の方法 |
JP2017136635A (ja) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-10 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 自動車用の動力伝達系シャフト |
WO2024162354A1 (ja) * | 2023-01-31 | 2024-08-08 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鉄道用車軸 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2008329579B8 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
RU2487951C2 (ru) | 2013-07-20 |
BRPI0821101B1 (pt) | 2018-01-16 |
PL2229461T3 (pl) | 2019-10-31 |
KR20100112566A (ko) | 2010-10-19 |
US9133533B2 (en) | 2015-09-15 |
CO6331373A2 (es) | 2011-10-20 |
EP2229461B1 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
CL2008003568A1 (es) | 2009-12-11 |
BRPI0704944A8 (pt) | 2017-08-15 |
BRPI0704944A2 (pt) | 2009-07-28 |
BRPI0821101A2 (pt) | 2015-06-16 |
AU2008329579B2 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
EP2229461A1 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
CN101932737B (zh) | 2014-06-18 |
AR069496A1 (es) | 2010-01-27 |
WO2009067773A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
ZA201005279B (en) | 2011-09-28 |
BRPI0821101A8 (pt) | 2017-09-19 |
AU2008329579A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
JP5497655B2 (ja) | 2014-05-21 |
CA2707502A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
CA2707502C (en) | 2017-07-04 |
CN101932737A (zh) | 2010-12-29 |
US20100308612A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
UA101345C2 (ru) | 2013-03-25 |
MX2010005968A (es) | 2010-09-09 |
RU2010126505A (ru) | 2012-01-27 |
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