JP2010276331A - 触媒燃焼器及び燃料改質器 - Google Patents
触媒燃焼器及び燃料改質器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010276331A JP2010276331A JP2009219174A JP2009219174A JP2010276331A JP 2010276331 A JP2010276331 A JP 2010276331A JP 2009219174 A JP2009219174 A JP 2009219174A JP 2009219174 A JP2009219174 A JP 2009219174A JP 2010276331 A JP2010276331 A JP 2010276331A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 175
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002674 PdO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/2485—Monolithic reactors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
- F23C13/04—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material characterised by arrangements of two or more catalytic elements in series connection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/2495—Net-type reactors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
- F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
- F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
- F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00117—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with two or more reactions in heat exchange with each other, such as an endothermic reaction in heat exchange with an exothermic reaction
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0822—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel the fuel containing hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0827—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel at least part of the fuel being a recycle stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/03002—Combustion apparatus adapted for incorporating a fuel reforming device
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Abstract
【解決手段】本発明の触媒燃焼器100はハウジング30を備え、ハウジング30内には、シリンダ型の第1反応部10と、第1反応部を二重管状に取り囲む第2反応部20とが形成され、第1反応部内の流体の流れと第2反応部内の流体の流れが対向流を形成するように配置されている。第1反応部10に燃料及び酸化剤を供給する第1開口部31と第2反応部20内の排ガスを排出する第2開口部33はハウジング30の一側にそれぞれ設けられ、第1反応部10と第2反応部20はハウジング30の他側で互いに流体の流通が可能となるように通路35で連結されている。さらに、第1反応部内に配置された触媒50と、第2反応部に挿入されたメッシュ層60とを含んでいる。
【選択図】図2
Description
CmH2n+(m+2n)O2→mCO2+nH2O+熱量
一方、触媒燃焼器は相対的に低い温度で燃料を燃焼させるので、直接燃焼器に比べて燃料の完全燃焼が難しい。触媒燃焼器の燃料酸化率が低ければ、触媒燃焼器の排ガスには未燃燃料(unburned fuel)と未燃燃料の部分酸化による一酸化炭素、そして水蒸気が多量に含まれている。
20 第2反応部
30 ハウジング
30a 第1ハウジング
30b 第2ハウジング
31 第1開口部
33 第2開口部
35 通路
50 触媒
60 メッシュ層
70 分配部
80 逆火防止部
100 触媒燃焼器
Claims (27)
- シリンダ型の第1反応部と、前記第1反応部を二重管状に取り囲む第2反応部とを備え、前記第1反応部内の流体の流れと前記第2反応部内の流体の流れが対向流を形成するように、前記第1反応部に燃料及び酸化剤を供給する第1開口部と、前記第2反応部内の排ガスを排出する第2開口部とを、前記第1反応部と前記第2反応部の一側にそれぞれ設け、前記第1反応部と前記第2反応部がその他側で互いに流体の流通が可能となるように連結されたハウジングと、
前記第1反応部内に配置された触媒と、
前記第2反応部に挿入されたメッシュ層と
を含むことを特徴とする触媒燃焼器。 - 前記触媒は、前記第1反応部の後端部に配置されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記触媒は、高温で耐久性のある金属で製作された蜂の巣状支持体と、前記支持体にコーティングされた活性物質とを含むことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記触媒の蜂の巣状支持体のセル密度は、1平方インチ当たり400〜600セルであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記燃料の流れにおいて前記触媒の上流側に配置される分配部を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記分配部は、高温で耐久性のある金属で製作された蜂の巣状モノリスからなることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記分配部における前記燃料及び酸化剤の空間速度は、前記触媒での空間速度よりも速いことを特徴とする請求項5または請求項6に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記触媒における前記燃料及び酸化剤の空間速度は、1000/hr〜50、000/hrの範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記分配部の蜂の巣状モノリスのセル密度は、前記触媒の蜂の巣状支持体のセル密度より小さいことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記分配部の蜂の巣状モノリスのセル密度は、1平方インチ当たり100〜200セルであることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記燃料の流れにおいて前記分配部の上流側に配置される逆火防止部を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項5乃至請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記逆火防止部は、高温で耐久性のある金属で製作された蜂の巣状モノリスからなることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記逆火防止部の蜂の巣状モノリスのセル密度は、前記分配部の蜂の巣状モノリスのセル密度と同一であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記触媒は、Pd、Pt、Co3O4、PdO、Cr2O3、Mn2O3、CuO、Fe2O3、V2O3、NiO、MoO3、TiO2からなるグループから選択される少なくともいずれか1つを含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記メッシュ層は、高温で耐久性のある金属で製作された蜂の巣状モノリスからなることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項14のいずれか1項に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記メッシュ層は、2段構造で配列されることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記メッシュ層の蜂の巣状モノリスのセル密度は、1平方インチ当たり50〜1000セルであることを特徴とする請求項15または請求項16に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- シリンダ型の第1反応部と、前記第1反応部を二重管状に取り囲む第2反応部とを備え、前記第1反応部内の流体の流れと前記第2反応部内の流体の流れが対向流を形成するように、前記第1反応部に燃料及び酸化剤を供給する第1開口部と、前記第2反応部内の排ガスを排出する第2開口部とを、前記第1反応部と前記第2反応部の一側にそれぞれ備え、前記第1反応部と前記第2反応部がその他側で互いに流体の流通が可能となるように連結されたハウジングと、
前記第1反応部内に配置された第1触媒と、
前記第2反応部内に配置された第2触媒と
を含むことを特徴とする触媒燃焼器。 - 前記第2触媒は、メッシュ層と、前記メッシュ層にコーティングされた活性物質とを含むことを特徴とする請求項18に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記活性物質は、前記メッシュ層1cc当たり0.01g〜0.4gの割合でコーティングされていることを特徴とする請求項19に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記活性物質は、白金を含むことを特徴とする請求項19または請求項20に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記ハウジングは、前記第1反応部と前記第2反応部との間に第2燃料を流入させるための燃料供給路を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記第2燃料の供給量は、前記第1燃料の供給量の1%〜15%であることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記第2燃料は、燃料電池のアノードから放出される水素含有排ガスを含むことを特徴とする請求項22または請求項23に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記ハウジングは、前記第1反応部と前記第2反応部との間に第2燃料を供給する燃料供給路を含むことを特徴とする請求項18に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 前記第2触媒は、メッシュ層と、前記メッシュ層にコーティングされた活性物質とを含むことを特徴とする請求項25に記載の触媒燃焼器。
- 請求項1〜18、22、25のうちのいずれか一項の触媒燃焼器と、
前記触媒燃焼器から熱エネルギーの供給を受けて燃料を改質してリフォメートを生成する改質反応部と
を含むことを特徴とする燃料改質器。
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KR10-2009-0046894 | 2009-05-28 | ||
KR1020090046894A KR101040885B1 (ko) | 2009-05-28 | 2009-05-28 | 촉매 연소기 및 이를 구비한 연료 개질기 |
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JP2010276331A true JP2010276331A (ja) | 2010-12-09 |
JP5181155B2 JP5181155B2 (ja) | 2013-04-10 |
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JP2009219174A Expired - Fee Related JP5181155B2 (ja) | 2009-05-28 | 2009-09-24 | 触媒燃焼器及び燃料改質器 |
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US (1) | US8617269B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2255872A3 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5181155B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101040885B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101900329B (ja) |
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US20130195736A1 (en) * | 2012-02-01 | 2013-08-01 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Heat exchanger reformer |
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CN108232252B (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2020-02-21 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种催化燃烧器及其应用 |
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US9964302B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 | 2018-05-08 | Reformtech Heating Holding Ab | Fuel injection system for use in a catalytic heater and reactor for operating catalytic combustion of liquid fuels |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2255872A3 (en) | 2011-05-25 |
KR20100128483A (ko) | 2010-12-08 |
EP2255872A2 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
CN101900329A (zh) | 2010-12-01 |
US8617269B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
CN101900329B (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
US20100303681A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
JP5181155B2 (ja) | 2013-04-10 |
KR101040885B1 (ko) | 2011-06-16 |
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