JP2009537701A - Al/Znベースの合金被覆製品の処理 - Google Patents
Al/Znベースの合金被覆製品の処理 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001995 intermetallic alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 74
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 Mg and Zn Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/261—After-treatment in a gas atmosphere, e.g. inert or reducing atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(a) 合金コーティングを非常に短時間、迅速に強熱する工程および
(b) この合金コーティングを迅速に冷却する工程
を包み、合金コーティングの変性結晶質ミクロ構造を生じる方法が提供される。
(a) 基材をあまり加熱せずに合金コーティングを加熱する工程および
(b) この基材をヒートシンクとして使用することによって合金コーティングを非常に迅速に冷却する工程
を含み、合金コーティングの変性結晶質ミクロ構造を生じる方法も提供される。
電気化学試験、加速腐蝕試験、および長期大気暴露試験によって、本発明の方法に従って製造される変性結晶質ミクロ構造が、従来法で製造される粗いミクロ構造Al/Znベースの合金被覆スチールストリップよりも耐蝕性であることがわかった。腐蝕試験の結果を図9に示す。図9中のサンプル「R」が、本発明の方法に従って処理されたサンプルである。別のサンプルは、従来法で製造されたサンプルである。
Claims (21)
- (a) Al/Znベースの合金コーティングを非常に短時間、迅速に強熱する工程および
(b) 該合金コーティングを迅速に冷却する工程
を含み、合金コーティングの変性結晶質ミクロ構造を生じる、基材上にAl/Znベースの合金コーティングを含むAl/Znベースの合金被覆製品の処理方法。 - (a) 基材をあまり加熱せずに合金コーティングを加熱する工程および
(b) 該基材をヒートシンクとして使用することによって該合金コーティングを非常に迅速に冷却する工程
を含み、合金コーティングの変性結晶質ミクロ構造を生じる、基材上にAl/Znベースの合金コーティングを含むAl/Znベースの合金被覆製品の処理方法。 - 該変性結晶質ミクロ構造が工程(a)において該合金コーティングのもとのミクロ構造の固体状態変化として生じる、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)が該Al/Znベースの合金コーティングを少なくとも部分的に溶融することを包含し、それによって工程(b)において該合金コーティングが凝固する時に該変性結晶質ミクロ構造が生じる、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)が該Al/Znベースの合金コーティングを完全に溶融することを包含し、それによって工程(b)において該合金コーティングが凝固する時に該変性結晶質ミクロ構造が生じる、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)が該Al/Znベースのコーティングの温度を十分高い温度に上げて、従来法で典型的に100℃/秒以下の冷却速度で凝固する合金コーティング中の元素または元素の化合物の細かい粒子と粗い粒子の両方を溶解させることを包含する、従前請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 該Al/Znベースの合金コーティングの変性結晶質ミクロ構造が単一相である、従前請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 該Al/Znベースの合金コーティングの変性結晶質ミクロ構造が、一つの相の粒子が別の相の中にある均一分散体である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 該Al/Znベースの合金コーティングの変性結晶質ミクロ構造が、一つの相の細かい第一のデンドライトと別の相のデンドライト間領域との均一分散体である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)が該Al/Znベースの合金コーティングを非常に迅速に加熱することを含む、従前請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)が該Al/Znベースの合金コーティングを少なくとも500℃/秒、好ましくは少なくとも10,000℃/秒の加熱速度で加熱することを含む、従前請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)が200ミリ秒以下、好ましくは20ミリ秒以下、より好ましくは2ミリ秒以下の加熱時間を含む、従前請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)が該Al/Znベースの合金コーティングを周囲温度以上の温度から加熱することを含む、従前請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)が該合金コーティングを250〜910℃の範囲、好ましくは380〜800℃の範囲、より好ましくは450〜800℃の範囲の温度に加熱することを含む、従前請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)が該Al/Znベースの合金コーティングを所定の選択温度にかつ/または所定の選択時間加熱して合金コーティングと基材との界面における金属間化合物合金層の成長をわずかにすることを含む、従前請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 該金属間化合物合金層を0〜5μm、好ましくは0〜3μm、より好ましくは0〜1μmの範囲内に維持する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)が、該基材が十分低い温度であるようにしながら該Al/Znベースの合金コーティングを加熱して基材特性に悪影響を及ぼすリカバリー・アニール基材の再結晶化や該基材の相変化を防ぐことを含む、従前請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)において該Al/Znベースの合金コーティングを加熱した後に、工程(b)において該比較的冷たい基材が該合金コーティングから熱を奪い、該基材が、ヒートシンクの役割を果たし、該変性結晶質ミクロ構造を保持するかまたは生じる非常に高い冷却速度を該合金コーティングにもたらす、従前請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 該冷却速度が少なくとも100℃/秒、好ましくは少なくとも500℃/秒、より好ましくは少なくとも2000℃/秒である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 従前請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法に従って処理されたAl/Znベースの合金被覆製品。
- スチールストリップの形態の基材をAl/Znベースの合金でホット・ディップ・コーティングする工程および該被覆スチールストリップを従前請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法に従って処理する工程を含む、Al/Znベースの合金被覆製品の製造方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2006902799A AU2006902799A0 (en) | 2006-05-24 | Treating metal-coated products | |
AU2006902799 | 2006-05-24 | ||
PCT/AU2007/000711 WO2007134400A1 (en) | 2006-05-24 | 2007-05-24 | Treating al/zn-based alloy coated products |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2009537701A true JP2009537701A (ja) | 2009-10-29 |
JP5295951B2 JP5295951B2 (ja) | 2013-09-18 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2009511303A Active JP5295951B2 (ja) | 2006-05-24 | 2007-05-24 | Al/Znベースの合金被覆製品の処理 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8475609B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2021523B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5295951B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101413450B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101454475B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2007252218B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0711907B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2652936C (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2806225T3 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2008015016A (ja) |
MY (1) | MY150193A (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ573913A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007134400A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
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JP2015227511A (ja) * | 2009-03-13 | 2015-12-17 | ブルースコープ・スティール・リミテッドBluescope Steel Limited | Al/Znベースの被膜を有する腐食保護 |
WO2016140286A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-04 | 2016-09-09 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 準結晶含有めっき鋼板及び準結晶含有めっき鋼板の製造方法 |
WO2016162982A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-08 | 2016-10-13 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Zn-Al-Mg系めっき鋼板、及びZn-Al-Mg系めっき鋼板の製造方法 |
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WO2007118939A1 (fr) | 2006-04-19 | 2007-10-25 | Arcelor France | Procede de fabrication d'une piece soudee a tres hautes caracteristiques mecaniques a partir d'une tole laminee et revetue |
WO2010135779A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 | 2010-12-02 | Bluescope Steel Limited | Metal-coated steel strip |
KR101101341B1 (ko) * | 2011-08-29 | 2012-01-02 | 대한폴리텍(주) | 창호 방수 장치 |
CN102719705B (zh) * | 2012-06-25 | 2013-10-02 | 镇江忆诺唯记忆合金有限公司 | 一种能提高热疲劳性能的多元锌铝合金 |
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CN102719704B (zh) * | 2012-06-25 | 2013-09-25 | 镇江忆诺唯记忆合金有限公司 | 一种能提高多元锌铝合金综合力学性能的工艺方法 |
CN102719688B (zh) * | 2012-06-25 | 2013-09-25 | 镇江忆诺唯记忆合金有限公司 | 一种能提高多元锌铝合金热疲劳性能的工艺方法 |
CN104955975B (zh) * | 2013-01-31 | 2018-06-22 | Jfe钢板株式会社 | 熔融Al-Zn系镀覆钢板及其制造方法 |
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CN105087978A (zh) * | 2014-05-07 | 2015-11-25 | 镇江忆诺唯记忆合金有限公司 | 一种能提高力学性能的锌铝铜锰合金 |
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JP6070915B1 (ja) * | 2015-04-08 | 2017-02-01 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Zn−Al−Mg系めっき鋼板、及びZn−Al−Mg系めっき鋼板の製造方法 |
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KR20090010115A (ko) | 2009-01-28 |
EP2021523A4 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
US8475609B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 |
KR101413450B1 (ko) | 2014-07-01 |
CN101454475B (zh) | 2011-04-20 |
AU2007252218B2 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
MY150193A (en) | 2013-12-13 |
EP2021523B1 (en) | 2020-05-20 |
AU2007252218A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
JP5295951B2 (ja) | 2013-09-18 |
NZ573913A (en) | 2012-03-30 |
WO2007134400A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
BRPI0711907B1 (pt) | 2018-10-30 |
ES2806225T3 (es) | 2021-02-17 |
US20090199934A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
CN101454475A (zh) | 2009-06-10 |
EP2021523A1 (en) | 2009-02-11 |
BRPI0711907A2 (pt) | 2012-01-03 |
CA2652936A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
CA2652936C (en) | 2014-09-30 |
MX2008015016A (es) | 2009-02-11 |
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