JP2009529560A - 規則化金属間化合物を含む触媒を用いる水素添加方法 - Google Patents
規則化金属間化合物を含む触媒を用いる水素添加方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009529560A JP2009529560A JP2008558727A JP2008558727A JP2009529560A JP 2009529560 A JP2009529560 A JP 2009529560A JP 2008558727 A JP2008558727 A JP 2008558727A JP 2008558727 A JP2008558727 A JP 2008558727A JP 2009529560 A JP2009529560 A JP 2009529560A
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- intermetallic compound
- hydrogenation
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- metal
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Images
Classifications
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
- C07C5/08—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon triple bonds
- C07C5/09—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon triple bonds to carbon-to-carbon double bonds
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/60—Platinum group metals with zinc, cadmium or mercury
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/62—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
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Abstract
Description
(1974)により記載されている。しかしながらこれらの化合物の任意の触媒能力は今までのところ分かっていない。
本発明の水素添加方法の便益は、水素添加が選択的に進行する場合、優先的に達成され得る。
重結合)のうちのいくつかは優先して水素添加されるが、一方、他の不飽和は有意に低い程度に反応する、そして(2)反応されるべき不飽和炭化水素化合物の1つ又は複数の不飽和が2回水素添加され得る(例えば三重結合)場合、それらは1回だけ優先して水素添加され、そして第二の反応ステップはほとんど観察されない。本発明の目的のために、水素添加は、所望の標的化合物と所望でない標的化合物(単数又は複数)のモル比が1:1より大きく、好ましくは2:1より大きく、さらに好ましくは5:1より大きく、最も好ましくは10:1である場合、選択的であると言及される。
ン水素添加の出発混合物中のエチン対エテン重量比は、好ましくは1:10〜1:106、さらに好ましくは1:50〜1:103である。工業的プロセスにおいて、選択的水素添加後に得られる混合物中のエテン対エチン重量比は、典型的には>106という大きさである。
溶液中では、原子は触媒性能の関連低減に伴って移動する傾向がある。
in heterogeneous catalysis: Technologies, strategies and applications, Wiley-VCh, Weinheim, 2004に記載されている。
合物の高い構造安定性をもたらす、と考えられる。さらに、共有結合は、水素化物形成を抑制するか又は防止すると思われる。これは、選択度を低減する可能性のある活性水素の過剰供給を回避する。
2m2/g〜5m2/gである規則化金属間化合物の比表面積を生じる。
触媒の調製
二元性パラジウムガリウム金属間化合物を、高周波誘導炉中で、アルゴン雰囲気下のガラス状炭素坩堝中で対応量のPd及びGaを融解することにより調製した。1.2083gのパラジウム(ChemPur(登録商標) 99.95%)及び0.7917gのガリウム(ChemPur(登録商標) 99.99%)を用いて、2gのPdGa(11.354 mmol)を得た。0.7909gのPd(7.432 mmol)及び1.2091gのGa(17.340 mmol)は、2gのPd3Ga7を生じた。Pd2Gaを、同様の方法で調製した。リニア−ポジション感知検出器による透過幾何形状並びに文献からの参照データとの比較において、STOE STADI P回析計(Cu Kα1放射線、湾曲Geモノクロメーター)を用いて、X線回析法により、得られた生成物の結晶構造を制御した。
本発明の明細書では、BET方法(Quantachrome Quantasorb Jr.)に従って、金属間化合物の比表面積を測定した。ヘリウム流(20ml/分)中で393Kで一晩、試料(200mg)を処理し、そして3つの異なる窒素濃度を用いて、吸着された窒素の総量を確定することにより測定を実施した。
れ35.5°〜48.5°及び22.5°〜52.5°の2θ範囲で、PdGa及びPd3Ga7に関するin situXRDパターンを測定した。PdGa及びPd3Ga7をそれぞれ323Kから723Kに、及び323Kから693Kに加熱し、そして50K毎に等温度で、XRDパターンを測定した。有効加熱率は、合計0.5K/分となった。
長さ300mm、内径7mmの石英管から成り、触媒床を支持するための焼成ガラスフリットを装備したプラグ流反応器で、触媒調査を実施した。温度制御のために、反応器の周囲に巻かれた電熱線のすぐ後に、熱電対を置いた。触媒床の温度を測定するために、二次熱電対を反応器の内側に配置した。反応体ガスを、Bronkhorst製の質量流制御装置(総流速30ml/分)で混合した。流出ガス分析のために、Varian CP 4900
Microガスクロマトグラフ(GC)及びPfeiffer omnistar quadropol質量分光分析計(MS)を用いた。Varian MicroGCは3つのモジュールを含有し、これは各々、個々のカラム及び熱伝導性検出器を有する。供給ガスの水素及びヘリウム、並びに組立における漏出のための考え得る酸素不純物及び窒素不純物を、分子篩カラム上で分離した。アセチレン、エチレン及びエタンを、アルミナカラム上で分離した。C4炭化水素(1−ブテン、1,3−ブタジエン、n−ブタン、トランス及びシス−2−ブテン)の総濃度を、シロキサン(ジメチルポリシロキサン)カラムを用いて確定した。高級炭化水素もシロキサンカラム上で分離したが、しかし多数の異なるC6及びC8炭化水素、並びにそれらの低総濃度(0.1%未満の絶対生成物流濃度)のため、さらに定量しなかった。分子篩カラムに関する、及びその他のカラムに関するキャリアガスとして、それぞれアルゴン(6.0)及びヘリウム(6.0)を用いた。安定化、サンプリング、注入及び分離を含めた測定サイクルを、4分〜5分の間に実行した。
、即ち0.5%であり、mcatは使用触媒の量(g)であり、そして定数Cexpは1.904 g/hであり、実験パラメーター、例えば総ガス流量(30ml)、温度(300K)及び圧力(1013 mbar)を含有し、そして完全ガスモデルに基づいている)。
アセチレン水素添加における非処理Pd−Ga金属間化合物(PdGa(実施例1)及びPd3Ga7(実施例2))の活性、選択度及び長期安定性を過剰量のエチレン中で確定し(0.5%C2H2+5%H2+50%C2H4)、Pd/Al2O3(比較例1)及びPd20Ag80合金(比較例2)の触媒性能と比較した。
ヘリウム中の化学エッチングした(アンモニア水溶液による)金属間化合物を473Kの反応温度に加熱し、その後、エチレン濃縮供給物に切り替えることにより、恒温触媒実験を実施した。以下の表1に結果を示すが、これは、上記の(比較)実施例1及び実施例2に関して得られたデータも含む。
過剰量のエチレンを伴うアセチレン水素添加(0.5%C2H2+5%H2+50%C2H4)において、乳鉢中で磨砕後(実施例5)、並びに微粉砕後(実施例6)の調製したままの形態のPd2Ga金属間化合物の活性、選択度及び長期安定性を確定し、Pd/Al2O3(比較例3)の触媒性能と比較した。
473Kで、過剰量のエチレンの存在下で、アセチレンの水素添加において規則化金属間化合物としてPd2Ge(0.5mg)及びPdZn(100mg)を用いて、触媒実験を実行した。実施例1及び実施例2と同様に、恒温触媒作用実験を実施した。結果を、図5a及び図5bに示す。
触媒として100mgのPtZn規則化金属間化合物を用いて、473Kで、過剰量のエチレンの存在下で、アセチレンを水素添加した。実施例1及び実施例2と同様に、恒温触媒作用実験を実施した。図6に示したように、高転化率で所望のエチレンの高選択度が達成される。
Claims (22)
- 規則化金属間化合物を含む水素添加触媒を用いる、少なくとも1種の不飽和炭化水素化合物への水素添加の方法であって、
該金属間化合物が、水素を活性化し得る少なくとも1種のA型金属、及び水素を活性化し得ない少なくとも1種のB型金属を含み、
そして該金属間化合物の構造が少なくとも1つの種類のA型金属が主にB型金属の原子により取り囲まれるようなものである、方法。 - 前記水素添加が選択的水素添加である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 不飽和炭化水素化合物が、1つ又は複数の炭素−炭素二重及び/又は三重結合を有するが、他の水素添加可能な基を有さない、請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 不飽和炭化水素化合物がアルカジエン、シクロアルカジエン、アルキン及びアリールから成る群から選択される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 不飽和炭化水素が選択的水素添加によりエテンに転化されるエチンである、請求項4記載の方法。
- エチンが過剰量のエテンと混合状態で存在する、請求項5記載の方法。
- 規則化金属間化合物の前記構造が、A型金属の少なくとも1つの種類の一次配位圏の少なくとも80%がB型金属の原子により占められるようなものである、請求項1ないし6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- A型金属の少なくとも1つの種類の一次配位圏の100%がB型金属の原子により占められる、請求項7記載の方法。
- A型金属がCr、Mo、W、Mn、Re、Fe、Ru、Os、Co、Rh、Ir、Ni、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag及びAuから成る群から選択される、請求項1ないし8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- B型金属がB、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Si、Ge、Sn、Pb、As、Sb、Bi、Zn、Cd及びHgから成る群から選択される、請求項1ないし9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- A型金属及びB型金属のモル比(A:B)が20:1〜1:20である、請求項1ないし10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 金属間化合物がPd2Ga、PdGa、PdGa5、Pd3Ga7、PdSn、PdSn2、Pd2Ge、PdZn、PtZn及びPtGaから成る群から選択される、請求項1ないし11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 金属間化合物がPdGa、Pd2Ga又はPd3Ga7である、請求項12記載の方法。
- 金属間化合物が選択的水素添加における水素添加触媒としての使用の前に表面エッチングに付される、請求項1ないし13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- エッチングがアルカリ性エッチング溶液を用いて実行される、請求項14記載の方法。
- 金属間化合物がPdGa又はPd3Ga7であり、そして前記アルカリ性エッチング溶液のpHが8.0〜10.5の範囲である、請求項15記載の方法。
- 金属間化合物が選択的水素添加における水素添加触媒としての使用の前に微粉砕される、請求項1ないし16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 触媒としての二元性Pd−Ga規則化金属間化合物の使用。
- 規則化金属間化合物中のPd及びGaのモル比が20:1〜1:20である、請求項18記載の使用。
- 規則化金属間化合物がPdGa又はPd3Ga7である、請求項18又は19記載の使用。
- 担体及びその上に担持される規則化金属間化合物を含む触媒であって、該金属間化合物が水素を活性化し得る少なくとも1種のA型金属、及び水素を活性化し得ない少なくとも1種のB型金属を含み、そして該金属間化合物の前記構造が少なくとも1つの種類のA型金属がB型金属の原子により主に取り囲まれるようなものである、触媒。
- 規則化金属間化合物が二元性Pd−Ga規則化金属間化合物である、請求項21記載の触媒。
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- 2007-03-15 CN CN2007800092143A patent/CN101400631B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-15 JP JP2008558727A patent/JP5302693B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2019089039A (ja) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-06-13 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 選択的水素化触媒、選択的水素化触媒の製造方法および選択的水素化方法 |
Also Published As
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SG172714A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
EP1834939A1 (en) | 2007-09-19 |
US20090221861A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
US8338654B2 (en) | 2012-12-25 |
EP2004577A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
CN101400631A (zh) | 2009-04-01 |
CN101400631B (zh) | 2013-08-21 |
CA2646099C (en) | 2014-06-10 |
WO2007104569A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
ES2398250T3 (es) | 2013-03-14 |
JP5302693B2 (ja) | 2013-10-02 |
MY146921A (en) | 2012-10-15 |
EP2004577B1 (en) | 2012-11-28 |
CA2646099A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
US20130184507A1 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
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