JP2009528392A - 1,2−プロパンジオールの製法 - Google Patents
1,2−プロパンジオールの製法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009528392A JP2009528392A JP2008557728A JP2008557728A JP2009528392A JP 2009528392 A JP2009528392 A JP 2009528392A JP 2008557728 A JP2008557728 A JP 2008557728A JP 2008557728 A JP2008557728 A JP 2008557728A JP 2009528392 A JP2009528392 A JP 2009528392A
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- Prior art keywords
- glycerol
- catalyst
- containing stream
- weight
- hydrogenation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 333
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
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- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000021243 milk fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N monomethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNN HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021281 monounsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010773 plant oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DJEHXEMURTVAOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfite Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])=O DJEHXEMURTVAOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940099427 potassium bisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HEZHYQDYRPUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium dithionite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O HEZHYQDYRPUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010259 potassium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009419 refurbishment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000526 short-path distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001577 simple distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940001482 sodium sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/60—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of -OH groups, e.g. by dehydration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/03—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
a)グリセロール−含有流を得て、かつ
b)そのグリセロール−含有流を、銅−含有の不均一系触媒が存在して、100〜320℃の温度及び100〜325バールの圧力で水素添加させる。
a1)生物発生脂肪−及び/又は油−含有出発混合物の供給、
a2)出発混合物中に存在する脂肪酸トリグリセリドと、少なくとも1種のC1〜C9−モノアルコールとのエステル交換及び、好適な場合には、出発混合物中に存在する遊離脂肪酸の、エステル化混合物の形成を伴うエステル化、
a3)バイオディーゼルで富化された少なくとも1つのフラクション及びエステル化で遊離されたグリセロールで富化された少なくとも1つのフラクションを得るためのエステル化混合物の分離、
a4)好適な場合には、グリセロールで富化されたフラクションの精製。
有利な1実施態様で、段階a1)での生物発生脂肪−及び/又は油−含有出発混合物の供給は、少なくとも1つの精製段階を含む。精製のために、脂肪−及び/又は油−含有出発混合物を、脂肪及び油に通常使用される少なくとも1つの精製法、例えば、清浄化、濾過、漂白土類での処理又は厄介な不純物、例えば、タンパク質、燐脂質及び粘性物を分離するための酸又はアルカリでの処理、及びこれらの精製段階の少なくとも2段階の組合せに従わさせることができる。
少なくとも1種のC1〜C9−モノアルコール、殊に、少なくとも1種のC1〜C4−モノアルコールを、有利に、脂肪酸トリグリセリドのエステル交換に使用する。メタノール又はエタノールの使用が有利である。
エステル交換及び/又はエステル化の間又はその後に、エステル化混合物を、C1〜C9−モノアルコールエステルで富化された少なくとも1つのフラクション及びエステル交換で遊離されたグリセロールで富化された少なくとも1つのフラクションを得るために分離させる。分離は、有利に、当業者に公知の慣例蒸留法によって行われる。好適な蒸留装置は前記されたものである。
段階a3)でエステル化混合物の分離後に得られ、かつグリセロールで富化されたフラクションを、好適な場合には、少なくとも1つの後処理段階に従わせることができる。これは、例えば、不所望の成分、例えば、塩及び触媒水素添加に不利に作用する成分の除去、又は水及び、存在する場合には、有機溶剤の除去を包含する。これらの後処理段階に関する前記に、それらの全てで参照される。
(i)酸化銅、酸化アルミニウム及び少なくとも1種の、ランタン、タングステン、モリブデン、チタン又はジルコニウムの酸化物(ランタン及び/又はタングステンの酸化物が有利である)を含む酸化物物質を得て、
(ii)粉末金属銅、銅フレーク、粉末セメント又はこれらの混合物又はこれらとグラファイトとの混合物を、酸化物物質に加えることができ、かつ
(iii)(ii)から得られる混合物を、直径d及び/又は高さh<2.5mmを有する触媒ペレット又は触媒押出物、直径d<2.5mmを有する触媒球状物又はセル径rz<2.5mmを有する触媒蜂巣状物を形成する。
各々の場合に、か焼後の酸化物物質の全質量に対して、
(a)50≦x≦80質量%、有利に55≦x≦75質量%の比率の酸化銅、
(b)15≦y≦35質量%、有利に20≦y≦30質量%の比率の酸化アルミニウム、及び
(c)2≦z≦20質量%、有利に3≦z≦15質量%の比率の少なくとも1種の、ランタン、タングステン、モリブデン、チタン又はジルコニウム、有利にランタン及び/又はタングステンの酸化物(この際、80≦x+y+z≦100、殊に、95≦x+y+z≦100)。
Cu
Cu、Ti
Cu、Zr
Cu、Mn
Cu、Al
Cu、Ni、Mn
Cu、Al、少なくとももう1種の、La、W、Mo、Mn、Zn、Ti、Zr、Sn、Ni、Coから選択される金属
Cu、Zn、Zr
Cu、Cr、Ca
Cu、Cr、C
Cu、Al、Mn、任意にZr
特に有利な触媒は、次の金属を含む:
Cu
Cu、Ti
Cu、Al
Cu、Al、La
Cu、Al、Zn
Cu、Zn、Zr
Cu、Al、Mn
Cu、Cr、C
支持触媒の製造で有利に使用されるような、実際に全ての公知支持物質、例えば、SiO2(石英)、磁器、酸化マグネシウム、二酸化錫、炭化珪素、TiO2(ルチル、アナターゼ)、ZrO2、Al2O3(アルミナ)、珪酸アルミニウム、ステアタイト(珪酸マグネシウム)、珪酸ジルコニウム、珪酸セリウム又はこれらの支持物質の混合物を、本発明による触媒のための不活性支持物質として使用することができる。有利な支持物質は、アルミナ及びシリカである。異なった起源及び製造のシリカ物質、例えば、高熱製造シリカ又は湿潤化学法によって製造されるシリカ、例えば、シリカゲル、エーロゲル又は沈降シリカを、触媒製造のためのシリカ支持物質として使用することができる(様々なSiO2出発物質の製造のための参照(cf.):W.Buechner;R.Schliebs;G.Winter;K.H.Buechel:Industrielle Anorganische Chemie;第2版,532−533頁,VCH Verlagsgellschaft,Weinheim 1986)。
バイオディーゼルシュバルツハイデ(Biodiesel Schwarzheide)GmbH製の製薬学的グリセロール及び純粋品質グリセロールのグリセロールを、触媒スクリーニングのための実験用の供給原料として使用した。表1は、使用グリセロールの分析データを示す。
装置: サンプラーを備えたHP5890−2
範囲: 2
カラム: 30m DBWax;膜厚:0.25μm
試料容量: 1μl
キャリヤーガス: ヘリウム
流速: 100ml/分
インジェクター温度: 240℃
検出器: FID(炎光イオン化検出器(Flame ionization detector))
検出器温度: 250℃
温度プログラム: 40℃で5分間、240℃まで10℃/分、240℃で15分間、全実施時間45分間
異なった組成の銅−含有触媒を試験した(表2参照)。
水含量20%を有する製薬学的グリセロールを使用した。触媒を、最初に0.3l入りミニオートクレーブ中に採取し、オートクレーブを閉め、室温で、200バールのN2で漏出について試験した。触媒押出物を成形体の形で使用し、押出物を懸濁触媒の製造のために前以て細砕させた。
水含量10%を有する製薬学的グリセロールを使用した。実験を、連続操作の実験室用装置中で、200〜240バールで実施した。実験系列9〜11を、主反応器を模擬するために、液相法で、液体を循環させて操作した。各例で、触媒70mlを使用した。
装置は、液相法によって操作される、液体−加熱の3加熱帯を有する75ml入り管状反応器R1(内φ=12mm、L=800mm)から成る。必要な場合には、HPLCポンプを介して流量調整(ダンフォス(Danfoss))で操作される液体循環を接続することができる。装置の全ての部分は金属製であり、250バールまでの操作圧用に設計される。
Claims (13)
- 1,2−プロパンジオールの製造方法において、
a)グリセロール−含有流を得て、そして
b)そのグリセロール−含有流を、銅−含有の不均一系触媒の存在下で、100〜320℃の温度及び100〜325バールの圧力で水素添加させる、1,2−プロパンジオールの製造方法。 - 段階a)で、脂肪酸トリグリセリドのエステル交換によって、高級脂肪酸のアルキルエステルの製造で得られるグリセロール−含有流を得る、請求項1に記載の方法。
- グリセロール−含有流は、水含量30質量%以下、有利に20質量%以下を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- グリセロール−含有流は、実質的に無水である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 段階a)で、グリセロール−含有流を、熱的後処理、吸着、イオン交換、膜分離、結晶化、抽出又はこれらの方法の2種以上の組合せから選択される、少なくとも1つの後処理方法によって後処理する、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 段階a)で、グリセロール−含有流を、水含量の減少及び/又は触媒的水素添加に不利に作用する成分の除去のために蒸留させる、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 段階a)で、グリセロール−含有流を、硫黄−含有化合物、特に、硫黄−含有芳香族化合物の含量を減少させるために、好適な場合には、水素の存在下で、触媒的に脱硫させる、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 段階a)で、グリセロール−含有流を、触媒的水素添加に不利に作用する成分を除去するための少なくとも1つの吸着剤と接触させる、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 吸着剤は、段階b)で水素添加触媒として使用可能な少なくとも1つの成分を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 段階a)でグリセロール−含有流を得ることは、次の段階:
a1)生物発生脂肪−及び/又は油−含有出発混合物を得る段階、
a2)該出発混合物中に存在する脂肪酸トリグリセリドと、少なくとも1種のC1〜C9−モノアルコールとのエステル交換をし、そして好適な場合には、該出発混合物中に存在する遊離脂肪酸のエステル化をして、エステル化混合物を形成させる段階、
a3)該エステル化混合物を分離して、C1〜C9−モノアルキルで富化された少なくとも1つのフラクション及びエステル交換で遊離されるグリセロールで富化された少なくとも1つのフラクションを得る段階、
a4)好適な場合には、該グリセロールで富化されたフラクションを精製する段階
を含む、請求項1から9までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 段階b)で使用される水素添加触媒は、ラネー触媒である、請求項1から10までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 段階b)で使用される水素添加触媒は、触媒の全質量に対して、酸化物及び/又は元素形の銅少なくとも23質量%、有利に少なくとも35質量%を含む、請求項1から10までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 段階b)で使用される水素添加触媒は、次の金属:
Cu
Cu、Ti
Cu、Zr
Cu、Mn
Cu、Al
Cu、Ni、Mn
Cu、Al、少なくとももう1種の、La、W、Mo、Mn、Zn、Ti、Zr、Sn、Ni、Coから選択される金属
Cu、Zn、Zr
Cu、Cr、Ca
Cu、Cr、C
Cu、Al、Mn、任意にZr
を、各々酸化物形で又は元素形で、又はそれらの組合せで含む、請求項1から10までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US77837106P | 2006-03-03 | 2006-03-03 | |
EP06004414.6 | 2006-03-03 | ||
US60/778,371 | 2006-03-03 | ||
EP06004414 | 2006-03-03 | ||
PCT/EP2007/051983 WO2007099161A1 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2007-03-02 | Process for the preparation of 1,2-propanediol |
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JP2015209383A (ja) * | 2014-04-24 | 2015-11-24 | 株式会社ダイセル | 1,3−プロパンジオールの製造方法 |
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JP5279513B2 (ja) | 2013-09-04 |
EP1993985A1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
PL1993985T3 (pl) | 2018-03-30 |
WO2007099161A1 (en) | 2007-09-07 |
US7790937B2 (en) | 2010-09-07 |
CA2642592A1 (en) | 2007-09-07 |
EA018774B1 (ru) | 2013-10-30 |
EP1993985B1 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
US20090216050A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
EA200801936A1 (ru) | 2009-02-27 |
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