JP2009188140A - 蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009188140A JP2009188140A JP2008025820A JP2008025820A JP2009188140A JP 2009188140 A JP2009188140 A JP 2009188140A JP 2008025820 A JP2008025820 A JP 2008025820A JP 2008025820 A JP2008025820 A JP 2008025820A JP 2009188140 A JP2009188140 A JP 2009188140A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- current collector
- negative electrode
- positive electrode
- electrode current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 42
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
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- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVIVJPRCKQTWLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt nickel Chemical compound [Co][Ni][Co] NVIVJPRCKQTWLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】蓄電デバイスは、正極14と負極15とを積層した電極積層ユニット12を備え、電極積層ユニット12の最外部にはリチウム極16が設けられる。正極14は正極集電体20と正極合材層21とを備え、負極15は負極集電体22と負極合材層23とを備える。リチウム極16は、負極集電体22に溶接されるリチウム極集電体26と、リチウム極集電体26と負極15との間に挟まれるリチウムユニット27とを備える。リチウムユニット27は、リチウム極集電体26に接触するリチウム保持板27aと、これに設けられるリチウムイオン供給源27bとによって構成される。リチウム極集電体26にリチウムイオン供給源27bを設けることなく、リチウム極集電体26を単体で積層して溶接したので、リチウムイオン供給源27bの損傷を回避して製造作業の簡素化が図られる。
【選択図】図8
Description
正極は、正極集電体とこれに一体となる正極合材層とを有している。正極合材層には正極活物質が含有されている。正極活物質としては、イオンを可逆的にドープ・脱ドープできるものであれば特に限定されることはない。例えば、活性炭、遷移金属酸化物、導電性高分子、ポリアセン系物質等である。
負極は、負極集電体とこれに一体となる負極合材層とを有している。負極合材層には、負極活物質が含有されている。この負極活物質としては、イオンを可逆的にドープ・脱ドープできるものであれば特に限定されることはない。例えば、グラファイト、種々の炭素材料、ポリアセン系物質、錫酸化物、珪素酸化物等である。グラファイト(黒鉛)やハードカーボン(難黒鉛化性炭素)は高容量化を図ることができるため負極活物質として好ましい。芳香族系縮合ポリマーの熱処理物であって、水素原子/炭素原子の原子数比(H/C)が0.05以上、0.50以下であるポリアセン系骨格構造を有するポリアセン系有機半導体(PAS)は、高容量化を図ることができるため負極活物質として好適である。このPASのH/Cは0.05以上、0.50以下の範囲内であることが好ましい。PASのH/Cが0.50を超える場合には、芳香族系多環構造が充分に発達していないことから、リチウムイオンのドープ・脱ドープがスムーズに行われず、蓄電デバイス10の充放電効率が低下するおそれがある。PASのH/Cが0.05未満の場合には、蓄電デバイスの容量が低下するおそれがある。
正極集電体および負極集電体としては、表裏面を貫く貫通孔を備えているものが好適であり、例えばエキスパンドメタル、パンチングメタル、エッチング箔、網、発泡体等を挙げることができる。貫通孔の形状や個数等については、特に限定されることはない。アニオンやリチウムイオンの移動を阻害しないものであれば適宜設定することが可能である。また、正極集電体および負極集電体の材料としては、一般に電池やキャパシタに提案されている種々の材料を用いることが可能である。例えば、正極集電体の材料として、アルミニウム、ステンレス鋼等を用いることができる。負極集電体の材料として、ステンレス鋼、銅、ニッケル等を用いることができる。
リチウム極集電体やリチウム保持板の材料としては、一般に電池やキャパシタの集電体として提案されている種々の材料を用いることが可能である。これらの材料としては、ステンレス鋼、銅、ニッケル等を用いることができる。互いに接触させて使用されるリチウム極集電体とリチウム保持板とは、電位差を発生させないように同質の材料を用いて形成することが好ましい。更には、接続先の負極集電体や正極集電体の材料と合わせることが好ましい。また、リチウム極集電体やリチウム保持板として、エキスパンドメタル、パンチングメタル、エッチング箔、網、発泡体等の表裏面を貫く貫通孔を備えているものを使用しても良い。特に、リチウム極集電体にエキスパンドメタル等を使用した場合には、リチウム保持板に食い込み易く、接触状態(導電状態)を良好に保つことが可能となる。また、リチウム保持板に貼り付けられるリチウムイオン供給源の材料としては、リチウムイオンを放出することが可能な材料であれば良い。金属リチウムを用いるだけでなく、リチウム−アルミニウム合金等を用いるようにしても良い。
セパレータとしては、電解液、正極活物質、負極活物質等に対して耐久性があり、連通気孔を有する電子伝導性のない多孔質体等を用いることができる。通常は、紙(セルロース)、ガラス繊維、ポリエチレンあるいはポリプロピレン等からなる布、不織布あるいは多孔体が用いられる。セパレータの厚みは、電池の内部抵抗を小さくするために薄い方が好ましい。電解液の保持量やセパレータの強度等を勘案して適宜設定することができる。
電解液としては、高電圧でも電気分解を起こさないという点、リチウムイオンが安定に存在できるという点から、リチウム塩を含む非プロトン性有機溶媒を用いることが好ましい。非プロトン性有機溶媒としては、例えばエチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、γ−ブチロラクトン、アセトニトリル、ジメトキシエタン、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキソラン、塩化メチレン、スルホラン等を単独あるいは混合した溶媒が挙げられる。また、リチウム塩としては、例えばLiClO4、LiAsF6、LiBF4、LiPF6、LIN(C2F5SO2)2等が挙げられる。また、電解液中の電解質濃度は、電解液による内部抵抗を小さくするため、少なくとも0.1モル/L以上とすることが好ましい。0.5〜1.5モル/Lの範囲内とすることが更に好ましい。
外装容器としては、一般に電池に用いられている種々の材質を用いることができる。鉄やアルミニウム等の金属材料、樹脂フィルム等を使用しても良い。また、外装容器の形状についても特に限定されることはない。円筒型や角型など用途に応じて適宜選択することが可能である。蓄電デバイスの小型化や軽量化の観点からは、アルミニウムのラミネートフィルムを用いたフィルム型の外装容器を用いることが好ましい。一般的には、外側にナイロンフィルム、中心にアルミニウム箔、内側に変性ポリプロピレン等の接着層を有した3層ラミネートフィルムが用いられている。
14 正極
15 負極
20 正極集電体
20a 貫通孔
21 正極合材層
22 負極集電体
22a 貫通孔
23 負極合材層
26 リチウム極集電体(第1導電体)
27a リチウム保持板(第2導電体)
27b リチウムイオン供給源(イオン供給源,金属リチウム)
31 リチウム極集電体(第1導電体)
Claims (7)
- 正極集電体とこれに設けられる正極合材層とを備える正極と、負極集電体とこれに設けられる負極合材層とを備える負極とを有する蓄電デバイスであって、
前記正極集電体または前記負極集電体に固定される第1導電体と、
前記第1導電体に着脱自在に設けられ、イオン供給源を保持する第2導電体とを有し、
前記正極集電体または前記負極集電体に前記第1導電体を介して前記第2導電体を接続させ、前記イオン供給源からのイオンを前記正極合材層または前記負極合材層にドーピングさせることを特徴とする蓄電デバイス。 - 請求項1記載の蓄電デバイスにおいて、
前記第2導電体は前記第1導電体とこれに対向する前記正極または前記負極との間に配置されることを特徴とする蓄電デバイス。 - 請求項1または2記載の蓄電デバイスにおいて、
前記正極集電体と前記負極集電体とに貫通孔が形成されることを特徴とする蓄電デバイス。 - 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電デバイスにおいて、
前記イオン供給源は金属リチウムであることを特徴とする蓄電デバイス。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電デバイスにおいて、
前記第1導電体と前記第2導電体とは同質の材料を用いて形成されることを特徴とする蓄電デバイス。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電デバイスにおいて、
前記正極と前記負極とを短絡させたときの正極電位が2.0V(対Li/Li+)以下であることを特徴とする蓄電デバイス。 - 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電デバイスにおいて、
前記負極合材層に含まれる負極活物質は、前記正極合材層に含まれる正極活物質に比べて活物質の単位重量当たりの静電容量が3倍以上であり、かつ正極活物質重量が負極活物質重量よりも大きいことを特徴とする蓄電デバイス。
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US8263258B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 |
CN101504888A (zh) | 2009-08-12 |
EP2088637A3 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
KR20090086153A (ko) | 2009-08-11 |
JP4934607B2 (ja) | 2012-05-16 |
KR101625672B1 (ko) | 2016-05-30 |
EP2088637A2 (en) | 2009-08-12 |
CN101504888B (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
EP2088637B1 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
US20090197171A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
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