JP2009114499A - ボンディングワイヤ - Google Patents
ボンディングワイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009114499A JP2009114499A JP2007289091A JP2007289091A JP2009114499A JP 2009114499 A JP2009114499 A JP 2009114499A JP 2007289091 A JP2007289091 A JP 2007289091A JP 2007289091 A JP2007289091 A JP 2007289091A JP 2009114499 A JP2009114499 A JP 2009114499A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/02—Alloys based on gold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3013—Au as the principal constituent
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Abstract
【解決手段】Mg5〜100質量%、In5〜20質量%、Al5〜20質量%、Yb5〜20質量%、残部純度99.995質量%以上の金合金であるボンディンググワイヤであり、さらに、Ca5〜20質量%を加え、また、これらにおいて、La5〜20質量%、Lu5〜20質量%、Sn5〜100質量%、Sr5〜100質量%のうちの一種以上を添加し、或いは、さらにこれらの金合金において、Pd0.01〜1.2質量%含有させた金合金ボンディングワイヤである。
これらの微量元素を含有するボンディングワイヤは、微小放電によるボール形成時及びファーストボンディング時に生じてキャピラリー先端に付着した添加元素酸化物がセカンドボンディング時にワイヤの転写されて蓄積しないため、これら蓄積汚染物質による障害が生じない。
【選択図】図1
Description
図1(a)に示すように、ワイヤ2がキャピラリー1のワイヤ挿通孔を通してキャピラリー先端部の細孔から送出され、その先端に電気トーチ3を対向させ、ワイヤ2との間で放電させることにより、ワイヤ2の先端を加熱、溶融してボール4を形成する。次いで、図1(b)に示すように、キャピラリー1を下降させて該ボール4をICチップ6上のAl電極5の上に押圧接合する(ファースト接合)。このとき、図示しないが超音波振動がキャピラリー1を通して付加されると共に、ICチップ6はヒートブロックで加熱されるため、上記ボール4は熱圧着されて圧着ボール4′となる。その後、図1(c)に示すように、キャピラリー1は所定の軌跡を描いて、リードフレームの外部配線8の上に移動し、下降する。この際、図示しないが超音波振動がキャピラリー1を通して付加され、外部配線8は、ヒートブロックで加熱されるためワイヤ2側面が熱圧着され、接合する(セカンド接合)。接合後、図1(d)に示すように、クランパー7がワイヤ2をクランプしたまま上昇することにより、ワイヤ2がキャピラリー先端部の細孔から僅かに出た状態(テールと呼ばれる)で切断され、配線が完了する。この操作を繰り返しながらボンディングが行なわれる。
なお、本発明が金(Au)合金系の場合、金(Au)以外の微量な添加元素および不純物元素の合計が100質量ppm未満であれば、99.99質量%以上の高純度金ボンディングワイヤとして表示できるので、商業上有利である。
本発明の合金系において、パラジウム(Pd)はファースト接合部の長期接合信頼性に寄与する元素である。Pdを添加すればするほど、長期接合信頼性は増すが、1.2%を超えると、初期ボールが硬くなり、チップ割れが発生するなど接合が困難になる。
本発明の合金系において、マグネシウム(Mg)はセカンド接合性が良い必須の添加元素であり、また、溶融ボールの圧着径の真円度に効果的な元素である。他方、ボンディングワイヤの引っ張り強度にはマグネシウム(Mg)はカルシウム(Ca)のように効果をもたらさない。本発明の合金系において、マグネシウム(Mg)は5質量ppm以上必要である。これ未満ではセカンド接合性に効果がないからである。本発明の合金系において、ワイヤのセカンド接合性を安定させるには、マグネシウム(Mg)は30質量ppm以上が好ましい。他方、本発明の合金系において、マグネシウム(Mg)が100質量ppmを超えて多くなりすぎても、初期ボール作成時に生成した酸化物がキャピラリーに堆積し、セカンド接合性に悪影響を及ぼす。本発明の合金系において、セカンド接合性を安定させるには、マグネシウム(Mg)は70質量ppm以下が好ましい。
本発明の合金系において、インジウム(In)はセカンド接合性が良い必須の添加元素であり、また、溶融ボールの圧着径の真円度に効果的な元素である。他方、ボンディングワイヤの引っ張り強度にはインジウム(In)は、カルシウム(Ca)のように効果をもたらさない。本発明の合金系において、インジウム(In)は5質量ppm以上必要である。これ未満ではセカンド接合性に効果がないからである。他方、本発明の合金系において、インジウム(In)が20質量ppmを超えると、酸化物がキャピラリーに堆積し、セカンド接合性に悪影響を及ぼす。
本発明の合金系において、アルミニウム(Al)はセカンド接合性が良い必須の添加元素である。他方、ボンディングワイヤの引っ張り強度にはアルミニウム(Al)はカルシウム(Ca)のように効果をもたらさない。本発明の合金系において、アルミニウム(Al)は5質量ppm以上必要である。これ未満ではセカンド接合性に効果がないからである。他方、本発明の合金系において、アルミニウム(Al)が20質量ppmを超えると、酸化物がキャピラリーに堆積し、セカンド接合性に悪影響を及ぼす。
本発明の合金系において、イッテルビウム(Yb)はセカンド接合性が良い必須の添加元素であり、また、溶融ボールの圧着径の真円度に効果的な元素である。他方、ボンディングワイヤの引っ張り強度にはイッテルビウム(Yb)はカルシウム(Ca)のように効果をもたらさない。本発明の合金系において、イッテルビウム(Yb)は5質量ppm以上必要である。これ未満ではセカンド接合性に効果がないからである。他方、本発明の合金系において、イッテルビウム(Yb)が20質量ppmを超えると、酸化物がキャピラリーに堆積し、セカンド接合性に悪影響を及ぼす。
本発明の合金系において、カルシウム(Ca)はボンディングワイヤの引っ張り強度に最も効果的な元素である。しかしながら、カルシウム(Ca)はキャピラリーの先端部のチャンファー面に酸化物が堆積しやすいため、本発明の合金系において任意の添加元素でありその添加量が限定される。本発明の合金系において、カルシウム(Ca)が5質量ppm未満ではボンディングワイヤの引っ張り強度に効果がなく、20質量ppmを超えると酸化物がキャピラリーのチャンファー面に堆積し、セカンド接合性に悪影響を及ぼすから、カルシウム(Ca)の添加量は5〜20質量ppmの範囲内である。
本発明の合金系において、ランタン(La)はボンディングワイヤの引っ張り強度に効果的な元素である。また、ランタン(La)はセカンド接合性に効果的な元素である。また、溶融ボールの圧着径の真円度に効果的な元素である。しかしながら、ランタン(La)はキャピラリーの先端面に酸化物が堆積しやすいため、本発明の合金系において任意の添加元素であり、その添加量が限定される。本発明の合金系において、ランタン(La)が5質量ppm未満ではボンディングワイヤの引っ張り強度に効果がなく、20質量ppmを超えると酸化物がキャピラリーの先端面に堆積し、セカンド接合性に悪影響を及ぼすから、ランタン(La)の添加量は5〜20質量ppmの範囲内である。
本発明の合金系において、ルテチウム(Lu)はボンディングワイヤの引っ張り強度に効果的な元素である。また、ルテチウム(Lu)はセカンド接合性に効果的な元素である。しかしながら、ルテチウム(Lu)はキャピラリーの先端面に酸化物が堆積しやすいため、本発明の合金系において任意の添加元素であり、その添加量が限定される。本発明の合金系において、ルテチウム(Lu)が5質量ppm未満ではボンディングワイヤの引っ張り強度に効果がなく、20質量ppmを超えると酸化物がキャピラリーの先端面に堆積し、セカンド接合性に悪影響を及ぼすから、ルテチウム(Lu)の添加量は5〜20質量ppmの範囲内である。
本発明の合金系において、スズ(Sn)はセカンド接合性に効果的な元素である。しかしながら、スズ(Sn)はキャピラリーの先端面に酸化物が堆積しやすいため、本発明の合金系において任意の添加元素であり、その添加量が限定される。本発明の合金系において、スズ(Sn)は5質量ppm以上必要である。これ未満ではセカンド接合性に効果がないからである。本発明の合金系において、ワイヤのセカンド接合性を安定させるには、スズ(Sn)は30質量ppm以上が好ましい。他方、本発明の合金系において、スズ(Sn)が100質量ppmを超えて多くなりすぎても、酸化物がキャピラリーの先端面に堆積し、セカンド接合性に悪影響を及ぼす。本発明の合金系において、セカンド接合性を安定させるには、スズ(Sn)は70質量ppm以下が好ましい。
本発明の合金系において、ストロンチウム(Sr)はセカンド接合性に効果的な元素である。また、溶融ボールの圧着径の真円度に効果的な元素である。しかしながら、ストロンチウム(Sr)はキャピラリーの先端面に酸化物が堆積しやすいため、本発明の合金系において任意の添加元素であり、その添加量が限定される。本発明の合金系において、ストロンチウム(Sr)は5質量ppm以上必要である。これ未満ではセカンド接合性に効果がないからである。本発明の合金系において、ワイヤのセカンド接合性を安定させるには、ストロンチウム(Sr)は、30質量ppm以上が好ましい。他方、本発明の合金系において、ストロンチウム(Sr)が100質量ppmを超えて多くなりすぎても、酸化物がキャピラリーに堆積し、セカンド接合性に悪影響を及ぼす。本発明の合金系において、セカンド接合性を安定させるには、ストロンチウム(Sr)は70質量ppm以下が好ましい。
セカンド接合性とは、ボンディングワイヤを銀(Ag)めっきされた42アロイからなるリードフレーム上に押し付け、ステッチ接合する際に、熱・荷重・超音波を加えてボンディングワイヤを変形させ、リードフレーム上に接合させたときの接合のしやすさをいう。セカンド接合性に関しては、50万回ボンディングテストを行ない、その途中のセカンド接合での不着数を測定して評価した。
伸び率を4%にしたときの引っ張り強度に関して、市販の引っ張り試験機を用いて測定した。測定は、室温で標点距離を100mmとして引張試験機により金合金線を引張速度10mm/分で引っ張り、破断したときの荷重値と伸び率を得ることにより行った。なお、伸び率は、破断した時の伸び量から次式で求めた。
溶融ボール圧着径の真円度の評価は、シリコン(Si)チップ上のアルミニウム(Al)電極(アルミニウム(Al)厚さ:約1×10-6m)にボールボンディングをし、その後銀(Ag)めっきされた42アロイからなるリードとの間でステッチ接合して結線した。その際、スパンは3×10-3mで本数を200本とし、結線したワイヤのうちから任意の50本のワイヤを用いて評価した。超音波の印加方向と平行方向の圧着径および垂直方向の圧着径を測定し、その比が0.95〜1.05の範囲内にあるものを◎印で、0.90〜1.00の範囲内にあるもの(0.95〜1.05の範囲内にあるものを除く。)を○印で、その他の範囲にあるものを△印で示した。
本発明に係る金合金線の好ましい製造方法を説明する。高純度金に所定量の元素を添加し真空溶解炉で溶解した後インゴットに鋳造する。該当インゴットに溝ロール、伸線機を用いた冷間加工と中間アニールを施し、最終伸線加工により直径25×10-6mの細線とした後伸び率を4%に最終アニールを施すものである。
(5)用途
本発明によるボンディングワイヤは、ICチップをリードに接続する方法に好適である。なお、ここでいうボールボンディングとは、ICチップの電極、特にAl電極と外部リードや他の電極をワイヤで配線する際、ワイヤと電極部の接合がファースト接合では溶融ボールを形成し、セカンド接合ではボールを形成することなく、ワイヤ側面を圧着して接合するボールボンディングである。必要に応じて超音波を印加したり電極部を加熱したりする。
〔作用〕
(実施例1)
純度99.999質量%の高純度金またはパラジウム(Pd)を所定量含有させた純度99.999質量%の高純度金に所定量の添加元素を微量に添加し、真空溶解炉で溶解した後、鋳造して表1に示す組成の金合金インゴットを得た。このインゴットに溝ロールでロール加工をし、伸線機を用いた冷間加工と中間アニールを施し、最終線径が25μmとして最終伸線をし、最終熱処理により伸び率4%になるように仕上げた。
この金合金線をボールボンディング装置(ケーアンドエス(K&S)社製の商品名「 Maxμm Plus」)を用いて、ICチップのAl電極上及び外部配線上に超音波併用ボールボンディングを連続して50万回行った。この時、ICチップ側のボールボンディングはボールボンディング荷重を0.2N、ボールボンディング時間を10ms、ボールボンディングパワーを0.30wの条件で行った。また、外部配線側のセカンドボンディングはボールボンディング荷重を0.3N、ボールボンディング時間を10ms、ボールボンディングパワーを0.40wの条件で行った。
この試験でセカンド接合の不着によりボールボンディング装置が停止した回数を数え、その測定結果を表2に示す。
溶融ボールの圧着径の真円度に関する評価は、50万回ボンディングした試料とは別途に、上述した方法で試料を作成し、700本のワイヤを用いて評価した。すなわち、超音波の印加方向と平行方向の圧着径および垂直方向の圧着径を測定し、その比が0.97〜1.03の範囲内にあるものを◎印で、0.95〜1.05の範囲内にあるもの(0.97〜1.03の範囲内にあるものを除く。)を○印で、その他の範囲にあるものを△印で示した。測定結果を表2に示す。
これらの結果から、Mg、In、Al、及びYbの微量添加効果が大きいことが解る。
また、同じく上記表中のNo.7〜9は、請求項2の組成範囲にあるもので、Ca添加により同様に接合不良を低減し、真円度が向上する。
以下同様にNo.10〜21は、請求項3の組成範囲にあって、No.1〜6の組成に対して、さらにLa、Lu、Sn、Srを加えた効果により、さらにセカンド接合の不良数が低減し、真円度も向上したことがわかる。
No.22〜35は、請求項4の組成範囲であって、さらにCaを加えた効果が示されている。
No.36〜41は、請求項5の組成範囲、No.42〜50は、請求項6の組成範囲であって、
それぞれ請求項1及び2の組成に対してPdを0.1〜1.0質量%加えており、同様の効果が示されている。
No.51〜58は、請求項7、No,59〜70は、請求項8の組成範囲であって、上記の請求項3及び4の組成に対してPd添加の効果を示す。
これらに対して、従来例1、2は、これらの添加元素を欠く組成範囲であって、真円度は良好であったが、50万回のボンディング回数に対して4回のセカンド接合不良を生じており、また、本発明の添加元素をその範囲を外れて、少なく、或いは超える場合について、比較例1〜3に示す。これらの場合も、同様に真円度は良好であったが、セカンド接合の不良は4〜5回であって、むしろ悪化する傾向を示しており、その組成範囲を守ることが重要であることが示されている。
以上のとおり、本発明のボンディングワイヤは、いずれも50万回のボンディング回数において接合不良が大幅に低減された。
2…ワイヤ
3…電極トーチ
4…ボール
4′…圧着ボール
5…ICチップ
6…Al電極
7…クランパー
8…外部配線
100…キャピラリー先端部
102…ワイヤ導出孔
Claims (8)
- マグネシウム(Mg)を5〜100質量ppm、インジウム(In)を5〜20質量ppm、アルミニウム(Al)を5〜20質量ppm、イッテルビウム(Yb)を5〜20質量ppm、および残部が純度99.995量%以上の金(Au)からなる金合金であることを特徴とするボンディングワイヤ。
- カルシウム(Ca)を5〜20質量ppm、マグネシウム(Mg)を5〜100質量ppm、インジウム(In)を5〜20質量ppm、アルミニウム(Al)を5〜20質量ppm、イッテルビウム(Yb)を5〜20質量ppm、および残部が純度99.995質量%以上の金(Au)からなる金合金であることを特徴とするボンディングワイヤ。
- ランタン(La)を5〜20質量ppm、ルテチウム(Lu)を5〜20質量ppm、スズ(Sn)を5〜100質量ppmおよびストロンチウム(Sr)を5〜100質量ppmのうちの少なくとも1種以上、マグネシウム(Mg)を5〜100質量ppm、インジウム(In)を5〜20質量ppm、アルミニウム(Al)を5〜20質量ppm、イッテルビウム(Yb)を5〜20質量ppm、および残部が純度99.995質量%以上の金(Au)からなる金合金であることを特徴とするボンディングワイヤ。
- ランタン(La)を5〜20質量ppm、ルテチウム(Lu)を5〜20質量ppm、スズ(Sn)を5〜100質量ppmおよびストロンチウム(Sr)を5〜100質量ppmのうちの少なくとも1種以上、カルシウム(Ca)を5〜20質量ppm、マグネシウム(Mg)を5〜100質量ppm、インジウム(In)を5〜20質量ppm、アルミニウム(Al)を5〜20質量ppm、イッテルビウム(Yb)を5〜20質量ppm、および残部が純度99.995質量%以上の金(Au)からなる金合金であることを特徴とするボンディングワイヤ。
- パラジウム(Pd)を0.01〜1.2質量%、マグネシウム(Mg)を5〜100質量ppm、インジウム(In)を5〜20質量ppm、アルミニウム(Al)を5〜20質量ppm、イッテルビウム(Yb)を5〜20質量ppm、および残部が純度99.995質量%以上の金(Au)からなる金合金であることを特徴とするボンディングワイヤ。
- パラジウム(Pd)を0.01〜1.2質量%、カルシウム(Ca)を5〜20質量ppm、マグネシウム(Mg)を5〜100質量ppm、インジウム(In)を5〜20質量ppm、アルミニウム(Al)を5〜20質量ppm、イッテルビウム(Yb)を5〜20質量ppm、および残部が純度99.995質量%以上の金(Au)からなる金合金であることを特徴とするボンディングワイヤ。
- ランタン(La)を5〜20質量ppm、ルテチウム(Lu)を5〜20質量ppm、スズ(Sn)を5〜100質量ppmおよびストロンチウム(Sr)を5〜100質量ppmのうちの少なくとも1種以上、パラジウム(Pd)を0.01〜1.2質量%、マグネシウム(Mg)を5〜100質量ppm、インジウム(In)を5〜20質量ppm、アルミニウム(Al)を5〜20質量ppm、イッテルビウム(Yb)を5〜20質量ppm、および残部が純度99.995質量%以上の金(Au)からなる金合金であることを特徴とするボンディングワイヤ。
- ランタン(La)を5〜20質量ppm、ルテチウム(Lu)を5〜20質量ppm、スズ(Sn)を5〜100質量ppmおよびストロンチウム(Sr)を5〜100質量ppmのうちの少なくとも1種以上、パラジウム(Pd)を0.01〜1.2質量%、カルシウム(Ca)を5〜20質量ppm、マグネシウム(Mg)を5〜100質量ppm、インジウム(In)を5〜20質量ppm、アルミニウム(Al)を5〜20質量ppm、イッテルビウム(Yb)を5〜20質量ppm、および残部が純度99.995質量%以上の金(Au)からなる金合金であることを特徴とするボンディングワイヤ。
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JP2007289091A JP4150752B1 (ja) | 2007-11-06 | 2007-11-06 | ボンディングワイヤ |
CN2008801134966A CN101842505B (zh) | 2007-11-06 | 2008-09-11 | 接合线 |
MYPI20093746 MY147817A (en) | 2007-11-06 | 2008-09-11 | Bonding wire |
EP08846565A EP2208801B1 (en) | 2007-11-06 | 2008-09-11 | Bonding wire |
US12/740,588 US20110058979A1 (en) | 2007-11-06 | 2008-09-11 | Bonding wire |
KR1020097014130A KR101124612B1 (ko) | 2007-11-06 | 2008-09-11 | 본딩 와이어 |
AT08846565T ATE552358T1 (de) | 2007-11-06 | 2008-09-11 | Abbindedraht |
PCT/JP2008/066442 WO2009060662A1 (ja) | 2007-11-06 | 2008-09-11 | ボンディングワイヤ |
EP20110004085 EP2369023A1 (en) | 2007-11-06 | 2008-09-11 | Bonding wire |
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WO2012117512A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-01 | 2012-09-07 | 田中電子工業株式会社 | 金(Au)合金ボンディングワイヤ |
KR20160118362A (ko) * | 2014-02-13 | 2016-10-11 | 가부시키가이샤 신가와 | 볼 형성 장치, 와이어 본딩 장치 및 볼 형성 방법 |
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WO2010147187A1 (ja) | 2009-06-18 | 2010-12-23 | ローム株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
JP5053456B1 (ja) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-10-17 | 田中電子工業株式会社 | 半導体装置接続用高純度銅細線 |
CN102664173A (zh) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-09-12 | 日月光半导体制造股份有限公司 | 用于半导体装置的导线构造及其制造方法 |
US9889521B2 (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2018-02-13 | Asm Technology Singapore Pte Ltd | Method and system for pull testing of wire bonds |
CN113584355A (zh) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-02 | 上杭县紫金佳博电子新材料科技有限公司 | 一种键合用铝基合金母线及其制备方法 |
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JPS63145729A (ja) * | 1986-03-28 | 1988-06-17 | Nittetsu Micro Metal:Kk | 半導体素子ボンデイング用金線 |
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Cited By (3)
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WO2012117512A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-01 | 2012-09-07 | 田中電子工業株式会社 | 金(Au)合金ボンディングワイヤ |
KR20160118362A (ko) * | 2014-02-13 | 2016-10-11 | 가부시키가이샤 신가와 | 볼 형성 장치, 와이어 본딩 장치 및 볼 형성 방법 |
KR101897074B1 (ko) * | 2014-02-13 | 2018-09-10 | 가부시키가이샤 신가와 | 볼 형성 장치, 와이어 본딩 장치 및 볼 형성 방법 |
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US20110058979A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
JP4150752B1 (ja) | 2008-09-17 |
EP2369023A1 (en) | 2011-09-28 |
ATE552358T1 (de) | 2012-04-15 |
EP2208801A4 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
EP2208801A1 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
CN101842505A (zh) | 2010-09-22 |
MY147817A (en) | 2013-01-31 |
WO2009060662A1 (ja) | 2009-05-14 |
KR20090087123A (ko) | 2009-08-14 |
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CN101842505B (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
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