JP2009001546A - 有機金属錯体および有機金属錯体を含む組成物、発光素子、発光装置、電子機器、発光素子の作製方法 - Google Patents
有機金属錯体および有機金属錯体を含む組成物、発光素子、発光装置、電子機器、発光素子の作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009001546A JP2009001546A JP2008124645A JP2008124645A JP2009001546A JP 2009001546 A JP2009001546 A JP 2009001546A JP 2008124645 A JP2008124645 A JP 2008124645A JP 2008124645 A JP2008124645 A JP 2008124645A JP 2009001546 A JP2009001546 A JP 2009001546A
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- light
- alkyl group
- organometallic complex
- carbon atoms
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- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 134
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 65
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 63
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 54
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 33
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical group [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 206
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 56
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 56
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 37
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 32
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- -1 9,9-dimethylfluorene-2,3-diyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 26
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 25
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 16
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 11
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229940093475 2-ethoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC2=C1C=CC1=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CN=C21 DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003216 pyrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K bis[(2-methylquinolin-8-yl)oxy]-(4-phenylphenoxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC([O-])=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 6
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical compound [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LNJZJDLDXQQJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyrazine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CN=CC=N1 LNJZJDLDXQQJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 5
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 5
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 5
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 5
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 5
- 125000002030 1,2-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([*:2])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- IYZMXHQDXZKNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n-diphenyl-4-n,4-n-bis[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 IYZMXHQDXZKNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- FQJQNLKWTRGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-[3-[5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2OC(=NN=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)O1 FQJQNLKWTRGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- AZWHFTKIBIQKCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn+2]=O.[O-2].[In+3] Chemical compound [Sn+2]=O.[O-2].[In+3] AZWHFTKIBIQKCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 125000005928 isopropyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(OC(*)=O)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- GEQBRULPNIVQPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3,5-bis(1-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl]-1-phenylbenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N1C2=CC=CC=C2N=C1C1=CC(C=2N(C3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC(C=2N(C3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 GEQBRULPNIVQPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZVFQEOPUXVPSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-phenylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(N1C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 ZVFQEOPUXVPSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OGGKVJMNFFSDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-n-[4-[4-(n-(3-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylaniline Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 OGGKVJMNFFSDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017073 AlLi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical compound [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- AHLBNYSZXLDEJQ-FWEHEUNISA-N orlistat Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](OC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC=O)C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@H]1CCCCCC AHLBNYSZXLDEJQ-FWEHEUNISA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007122 ortho-metalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001443 photoexcitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 3
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWDUZCIBPDVBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3h-1,3-benzothiazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C1(C([O-])=O)SC2=CC=CC=C2N1.OC1=CC=CC=C1C1(C([O-])=O)SC2=CC=CC=C2N1 GWDUZCIBPDVBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、電極間に発光層を挟んで電圧を印加することにより、電極から注入された電子およびホールが再結合して発光物質が励起状態となり、その励起状態が基底状態に戻る際に発光する。
そして、励起状態の種類としては、先に述べた光励起の場合と同様、一重項励起状態(S*)と三重項励起状態(T*)が可能である。また、発光素子におけるその統計的な生成比率は、S*:T*=1:3であると考えられている。
井上晴夫、外3名、基礎化学コース 光化学I(丸善株式会社)、P106−110 チハヤ アダチ、外5名、アプライド フィジクス レターズ、Vol.78、No.11、1622−1624(2001)
本実施の形態では、本発明の有機金属錯体および該有機金属錯体を含む組成物について説明する。
本発明の有機金属錯体は、下記一般式(G0)で表されるピラジン誘導体が、第9族または第10族の金属イオンに対してオルトメタル化することにより、有機金属錯体を形成している。
次に、一般式(G0)で表されるピラジン誘導体をオルトメタル化して形成される本発明の有機金属錯体、すなわち一般式(G1)で表される有機金属錯体の合成法について説明する。
本発明の有機金属錯体または組成物を用いた発光素子および発光素子の作製方法の一態様について図1を用いて以下に説明する。
本実施の形態は、本発明に係る複数の発光ユニットを積層した構成の発光素子(以下、積層型素子という)の態様について、図3を参照して説明する。この発光素子は、第1の電極と第2の電極との間に、複数の発光ユニットを有する積層型発光素子である。発光ユニットとしては、実施の形態2で示したEL層と同様な構成を用いることができる。つまり、実施の形態2で示した発光素子は、1つの発光ユニットを有する発光素子であり、本実施の形態では、複数の発光ユニットを有する発光素子について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の発光素子を有する発光装置について説明する。
本実施の形態では、湿式法として液滴吐出法を用いて本発明の有機金属錯体を含む層716を形成する一態様を図10及び図11を用いて説明する。図10(A)〜図10(D)は図4に示す発光装置の発光素子部分の作製工程を示す。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態4に示す発光装置をその一部に含む本発明の電子機器について説明する。本発明の電子機器は、実施の形態1に示した有機金属錯体を用いて作製された発光素子を有する表示部を有する。また、消費電力の低減された表示部を有する。
本合成例1では、実施の形態1で示した構造式(147)で表される本発明の有機金属錯体、ビス(2,3,5−トリフェニルピラジナト)(ジピバロイルメタナト)イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(tppr)2(dpm)])の合成例を具体的に例示する。
まず、窒素雰囲気にて、フェニルリチウムのジブチルエーテル溶液((株)和光純薬工業製、2.1mol/L)5.5mLとジエチルエーテル50mLを混合し、氷冷しながら、この溶液に2、3−ジフェニルピラジン2.43gを滴下し、室温にて24時間撹拌した。この混合物に水を加え、ジエチルエーテルにて有機層を抽出した。得られた有機層を水で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムにて乾燥した。乾燥した後の溶液に活性二酸化マンガンを過剰に加えて、ろ過した。この溶液の溶媒を留去した後、得られた残渣を、エタノールで再結晶することにより、ピラジン誘導体Htpprを得た(黄色粉末、収率56%)。ステップ1の合成スキームを下記(a−1)に示す。
次に、2−エトキシエタノール30mLと水10mLとの混合液を溶媒として、上記ステップ1で得たピラジン誘導体Htpprを1.08g、塩化イリジウム水和物(IrCl3・H2O)(Sigma−Aldrich社製)を0.73g混合し、窒素雰囲気にて16時間還流し、析出してきた粉末をろ過し、エタノール、ジエチルエーテル、次いでヘキサンにて洗浄することにより、複核錯体[Ir(tppr)2Cl]2 を得た(橙色粉末、収率97%)。ステップ2の合成スキームを下記(b−1)に示す。
2−エトキシエタノール25mL、上記ステップ2で得た複核錯体[Ir(tppr)2Cl]2 0.40g、ジピバロイルメタン0.14mL、炭酸ナトリウム0.25gを、還流管を付けたナスフラスコに入れ、フラスコ内をアルゴン置換した。その後、マイクロ波(2.45GHz 150W)を15分間照射し、反応させた。反応溶液をろ過し、得られたろ液をエタノールにて再結晶し、得られた赤色粉末をエタノール、ついでジエチルエーテルにて洗浄することにより、本発明の有機金属錯体[Ir(tppr)2(dpm)]を得た(収率75%)。なお、マイクロ波の照射はマイクロ波合成装置(CEM社製 Discover)を用いた。ステップ3の合成スキームを下記(c−1)に示す。
まず、2−メトキシエタノール(関東化学製)20mLに、ビス(2−メチル−8−キノリノラト)(4−フェニルフェノラト)アルミニウム(III)(ケミプロ化成製、昇華精製品)(略称:BAlq)を0.305g、N,N’−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−N,N’−ジフェニル−[1,1’−ビフェニル]−4,4’−ジアミン(東京化成製)(略称:TPD)を0.0151g、実施例1で合成したIr(tppr)2(dpm)を0.029g溶解させ、本発明の有機金属錯体を含む溶液Aを調整した。なお、溶液Aは、スピンコートをおこなう直前に1時間、酸素除去を目的としたアルゴンによるバブリングをおこなった。また、成膜直前まで、サンプル瓶ごと75℃に設定したオーブン(大気圧)にて保温した。BAlq、TPD、Ir(tppr)2(dpm)の構造式を下記に示す。
1,4−ジオキサン(脱水)(関東化学製)40mLに、ポリビニルカルバゾール(アルドリッチ製、Mw=1100000)(略称:PVK)を0.10g、4,4’−ビス[N−(1−ナフチル)−N−フェニルアミノ]ビフェニル(ケミプロ化成、昇華精製品)(略称:NPB)を0.0255g溶解させることにより、溶液Bを作製した。PVK、NPBの構造式を下記に示す。
まず、110nmの膜厚でインジウム錫珪素酸化物(ITSO)が成膜されたガラス基板を用意した。ITSO表面は、2mm角の大きさで表面が露出するよう周辺をポリイミド膜で覆った。なお、ITSOは発光素子の陽極として機能する。この基板上に発光素子を形成するための前処理として、まず、水と2−エトキシエタノールを3:2の体積比で混合した混合液をITSO上に滴下し、スピンコートした。
以上により得られた発光素子1を、窒素雰囲気のグローブボックス内において、発光素子が大気に曝されないように封止する作業を行った後、この発光素子の動作特性について測定を行った。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で行った。
本合成例2では、実施の形態1で示した構造式(148)で表される本発明の有機金属錯体、ビス(2,3,5−トリフェニルピラジナト)(ピバロイルトリフルオロアセトナト)イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(tppr)2(pFac)])の合成例を具体的に例示する。
2−エトキシエタノール25mL、前述の合成例1におけるステップ2で得た複核錯体[Ir(tppr)2Cl]2 0.45g、ピバロイルトリフルオロアセトン0.14mL、炭酸ナトリウム0.29gを、還流管を付けたナスフラスコに入れ、フラスコ内をアルゴン置換した。その後、マイクロ波(2.45GHz 100W)を20分間照射し、反応させた。反応溶液にジクロロメタンを加えてろ過した。得られたろ液を濃縮して、橙色粉末を析出させた。この粉末をろ取し、エタノール、ついでエーテルにて洗浄することにより、本発明の有機金属錯体[Ir(tppr)2(pFac)]を得た(収率76%)。本ステップの合成スキームを下記(c−2)に示す。
101 第1の電極
102 第2の電極
103 EL層
111 正孔注入層
112 正孔輸送層
113 発光層
114 電子輸送層
115 電子注入層
501 第1の電極
502 第2の電極
511 第1の発光ユニット
512 第2の発光ユニット
513 電荷発生層
601 駆動回路部(ソース側駆動回路)
602 画素部
603 駆動回路部(ゲート側駆動回路)
604 封止基板
605 シール材
607 空間
608 配線
609 FPC(フレキシブルプリントサーキット)
610 素子基板
611 スイッチング用TFT
612 電流制御用TFT
613 第1の電極
614 絶縁物
616 EL層
617 第2の電極
618 発光素子
623 Nチャネル型TFT
624 Pチャネル型TFT
713 第1の電極
714 絶縁層
716 有機金属錯体を含む層
717 第2の電極
718 発光素子
719 絶縁層
730 液滴吐出装置
731 液滴
732 組成物を含む層
901 筐体
902 液晶層
903 バックライト
904 筐体
905 ドライバIC
906 端子
951 基板
952 電極
953 絶縁層
954 隔壁層
955 EL層
956 電極
1400 基板
1403 液滴吐出手段
1404 撮像手段
1405 ヘッド
1406 点線
1407 制御手段
1408 記憶媒体
1409 画像処理手段
1410 コンピュータ
1411 マーカー
1412 ヘッド
1413 材料供給源
1414 材料供給源
2001 筐体
2002 光源
3001 照明装置
9101 筐体
9102 支持台
9103 表示部
9104 スピーカー部
9105 ビデオ入力端子
9201 本体
9202 筐体
9203 表示部
9204 キーボード
9205 外部接続ポート
9206 ポインティングデバイス
9401 本体
9402 筐体
9403 表示部
9404 音声入力部
9405 音声出力部
9406 操作キー
9407 外部接続ポート
9408 アンテナ
9501 本体
9502 表示部
9503 筐体
9504 外部接続ポート
9505 リモコン受信部
9506 受像部
9507 バッテリー
9508 音声入力部
9509 操作キー
9510 接眼部
Claims (35)
- 一般式(G2)で表される有機金属錯体。
- 一般式(G2)で表される有機金属錯体。
- 一般式(G2)で表される有機金属錯体。
- 一般式(G2)で表される有機金属錯体。
- 一般式(G3)で表される有機金属錯体。
- 一般式(G3)で表される有機金属錯体。
- 一般式(G3)で表される有機金属錯体。
- 請求項1乃至請求項12のいずれか一項において、前記Mがイリジウムまたは白金であることを特徴とする有機金属錯体。
- 請求項1乃至請求項12のいずれか一項に記載の有機金属錯体と、溶媒とを有する組成物。
- 請求項14において、
前記有機金属錯体は、前記溶媒に、0.6g/L以上の濃度で溶解していることを特徴とする組成物。 - 請求項14において、
前記有機金属錯体は、前記溶媒に、0.9g/L以上の濃度で溶解していることを特徴とする組成物。 - 請求項14乃至請求項16のいずれか一項において、
前記溶媒は、芳香環を有さない有機溶媒であることを特徴とする組成物。 - 請求項14乃至請求項16のいずれか一項において、
前記溶媒は、沸点が50℃以上200℃以下の有機溶媒であることを特徴とする組成物。 - 請求項14乃至請求項16のいずれか一項において、
前記溶媒は、エーテルまたはアルコールであることを特徴とする組成物。 - 請求項14乃至請求項19のいずれか一項において、
さらに有機半導体材料を含むことを特徴とする組成物。 - 請求項14乃至請求項20のいずれか一項において、
さらにバインダーを含むことを特徴とする組成物。 - 一対の電極間に、請求項1乃至請求項13のいずれか一項に記載の有機金属錯体を有することを特徴とする発光素子。
- 一対の電極間に発光層を有し、
前記発光層は請求項1乃至請求項13のいずれか一項に記載の有機金属錯体を有することを特徴とする発光素子。 - 一対の電極間に、請求項1乃至請求項13のいずれか一項に記載の有機金属錯体と高分子化合物とを含む層を有することを特徴とする発光素子。
- 請求項24において、
前記高分子化合物は、有機半導体材料であることを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項24において、
前記高分子化合物は、バインダーであることを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項24において、
前記有機金属錯体と、前記高分子化合物とを含む層は、
さらに有機半導体材料を含むことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項24乃至請求項27のいずれか一項において、
前記有機金属錯体と、前記高分子化合物とを含む層は、発光層であることを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項28において、
前記発光層と接する正孔輸送層は、低分子化合物を含むことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項28または請求項29において、
前記発光層と接する電子輸送層は、低分子化合物を含むことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項22乃至請求項30のいずれか一項に記載の発光素子と、前記発光素子の発光を制御する制御回路とを有する発光装置。
- 表示部を有し、
前記表示部は、請求項22乃至請求項30のいずれか一項に記載の発光素子と前記発光素子の発光を制御する制御回路とを備えたことを特徴とする電子機器。 - 第1の電極を形成する第1の工程と、
請求項14乃至請求項21のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を塗布し、前記溶媒を除去する第2の工程と、
第2の電極を形成する第3の工程と、
を有することを特徴とする発光素子の作製方法。 - 第1の電極を形成する第1の工程と、
蒸着法により、有機化合物を含む層を形成する第2の工程と、
請求項14乃至請求項21のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を塗布し、前記溶媒を除去する第3の工程と、
第2の電極を形成する第4の工程と、
を有することを特徴とする発光素子の作製方法。 - 第1の電極を形成する第1の工程と、
請求項14乃至請求項21のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を塗布し、前記溶媒を除去する第2の工程と、
蒸着法により、有機化合物を含む層を形成する第3の工程と、
第2の電極を形成する第4の工程と、
を有することを特徴とする発光素子の作製方法。
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