JP2008517750A - 貴金属合金触媒の製造方法およびそれにより調製された触媒 - Google Patents
貴金属合金触媒の製造方法およびそれにより調製された触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008517750A JP2008517750A JP2007538334A JP2007538334A JP2008517750A JP 2008517750 A JP2008517750 A JP 2008517750A JP 2007538334 A JP2007538334 A JP 2007538334A JP 2007538334 A JP2007538334 A JP 2007538334A JP 2008517750 A JP2008517750 A JP 2008517750A
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- catalyst
- metal
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- platinum
- suspension
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011852 carbon nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940051250 hexylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000929 Ru alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[Pt] CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- CLBRCZAHAHECKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Pt] Chemical compound [Co].[Pt] CLBRCZAHAHECKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910002849 PtRu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 11
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003771 Gold(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Au+] FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
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- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002016 Aerosil® 200 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N EtOH Substances CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910003803 Gold(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-JLNYLFASSA-N Matrine Chemical compound C1CC[C@H]2CN3C(=O)CCC[C@@H]3[C@@H]3[C@H]2N1CCC3 ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-JLNYLFASSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002848 Pt–Ru Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
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- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KKWAPDPZGBKBTI-UHFFFAOYSA-J cobalt(2+) dicarbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].C([O-])([O-])=O.[Co+2].C([O-])([O-])=O KKWAPDPZGBKBTI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000001 cobalt(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002447 crystallographic data Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K gold trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Au](Cl)Cl RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005300 metallic glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011234 nano-particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLPJWCDYYXQCIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroso nitrate;ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[O-][N+](=O)ON=O YLPJWCDYYXQCIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OJLCQGGSMYKWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ru+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OJLCQGGSMYKWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021381 transition metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
Description
(発明の背景)
本発明は、貴金属合金触媒の製造方法を提供する。本方法は、反応媒体としてのポリオール溶媒の使用に基づく。本発明に従って製造された触媒は、高い合金化度および非常に小さい微結晶サイズを特徴とする。これらの触媒は、固体高分子電解質膜燃料電池(polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC))、直接メタノール燃料電池(direct−methanol fuel cell, (DMFC))、もしくは同様の電気化学デバイス用の電極触媒として使用され得る。さらに、これらの触媒は、CO酸化反応(PROX)もしくは排気ガス浄化用の触媒として適する。
特許文献1は、一時的な安定剤の水溶液中に埋め込まれる貴金属含有ナノ粒子を開示する。このナノ粒子は、多糖類の存在下、水中において、塩化物を含まない前駆化合物の還元により製造される。このナノ粒子材料は、触媒インク、触媒作用を受けたイオノマー膜に、ならびに電極触媒の製造に使用される。
本発明の目的は、反応媒体としてのポリオール溶媒中における貴金属ベースの合金触媒の改良された製造方法(「ポリオールプロセス」)を提供することであった。本方法により調製された触媒は、担体材料上に担持され、かつ高い合金化度および3nm未満の小さい微結晶サイズを示す。
意外にも、合金化度が、本発明中で開示された二工程方法により実質的に改良されることが見出された。第一の金属M1(例えば、卑金属)は、第二の金属(M2、貴金属、好ましくは白金)の添加前に活性化される。この活性化は、第一の金属(M1)を含有するポリオール溶液を80℃〜160℃の範囲内の温度へと加熱することにより達成される。
12.0gの塩化ルテニウム(III)(20重量%Ru含有水溶液;Umicore、Hanau/Germany)を、反応フラスコ中の500mlの1,2−プロピレングリコール(PG)に入れた。300rpmで30分間攪拌した後、濃NaOH溶液を添加して、所望のpH値5.5を得た。
触媒特性:
組成: Vulcan XC72R上の50重量%PtRu
Pt/Ru比: 1:1(原子比)
微結晶サイズ: 2.3nm(XRDより)
格子定数: 0.3824nm(XRDより)
合金化度: 高い。
比較のために、米国特許6,552,960号の実施例2を再現した。この記述との差異は、活性炭の代わりに高い表面積のカーボンブラック担体(Black Pearls 2000)を使用したことである。
触媒特性:
組成: Black Pearls 2000上の50重量%PtRu
Pt:Ru比: 1:1(原子比)
微結晶サイズ:7.1nm(XRDより)
格子定数: 0.3888nm(XRDより)
合金化度: 低い(不完全な合金化)。
550mlのジエチレングリコール(DEG)を、三口フラスコへ導入した。1.75gのアラビアゴム(10mlのDI水に1時間かけて予め溶解したもの)を、さらに50mlのDEGを用いて、ポリオールへ移した。アラビアゴム/DEG混合物を、30分間かけて500rpmで混合した。
触媒特性:
組成: Vulcan XC72R上の50重量%PtCo
Pt:Co比: 3:1(原子比)
微結晶サイズ:2.8nm(XRDより)
格子定数: 0.3867nm(XRDより)
合金化度: 高い。
550mlの1,2−プロピレングリコール(PG)を1lの三口フラスコへ導入した。1.25gのアラビアゴム(10mlのDI水に予め溶解したもの)をさらに50mlのPGを用いて、ポリオールへ移した。このアラビアゴム/PG混合物を、500rpmでさらに30分間かけて混合した。
触媒特性:
組成: Ketjenblack EC 300上の50重量%PtRu+0.5重量%Au
Pt:Ru比: 1:1(原子比)
微結晶サイズ:<2nm(XRDより)
格子定数: 0.3839nm(XRDより)
合金化度: 高い。
Claims (18)
- 担体材料上にある貴金属ベース合金触媒を調製するためのプロセスであって、該プロセスは、以下の工程:
(a)ポリオール溶媒中の第一の金属(M1)の溶液を調製する工程と、
(b)該溶媒に担体材料を添加して懸濁液を得る工程と、
(c)該懸濁液を80℃〜160℃の範囲内の温度へと加熱し、そして、ポリオール溶媒中の第二の金属(M2)の溶液を添加する工程と、
(d)該懸濁液を工程(c)のポリオール溶媒の沸点(Tbp)へと加熱し、そして30分〜120分間、該温度を維持する工程と、
(e)該懸濁液を室温へと冷却し、そして該触媒材料を単離する工程、
を包含する、プロセス。 - 保護コロイドもしくは安定剤が前記ポリオール溶媒に添加される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 請求項2に記載のプロセスであって、前記保護コロイドもしくは前記安定剤が
(f)酸性成分もしくはアルカリ性成分を添加する工程、および
(g)前記懸濁液を30分〜120分間、100℃〜110℃の温度範囲に維持する工程、
により破壊される、プロセス。 - 前記懸濁液のpHが、該懸濁液を前記ポリオール溶媒の沸点へと加熱する前に、4.0〜7.0の範囲へと調整される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第一の金属(M1)が、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、モリブデン、タンタル、タングステンもしくはレニウムのうちの少なくとも一つを含む、元素周期表(PSE)の遷移金属からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第一の金属(M1)がルテニウムである、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第二の金属(M2)が、白金、金、銀、パラジウム、ロジウム、オスミウムおよびイリジウムならびにそれらの混合物および組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの貴金属を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記担体材料が、カーボンブラック、黒鉛化カーボンブラック、グラファイト、活性炭、炭素ナノ粒子、カーボンナノチューブ、無機耐火物酸化物(inorganic refractory oxide)もしくは導電性無機酸化物を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ポリオール溶媒が、1,2−エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、1,2−プロピレングリコール、1,3−プロピレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、グリセロール、ヘキシレングリコールまたはそれらの混合物もしくはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス
- 前記ポリオール溶媒が1体積%〜20体積%の水を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 原子比がPt:Ru=1:1である担持された白金−ルテニウム合金触媒であって、微結晶サイズが3nm未満であり、かつ格子定数が0.3850nm(XRDより)未満である、合金触媒。
- 前記触媒の総重量に基づいて0.1/重量%〜5重量%の金をさらに含有する、請求項11に記載の担持された白金−ルテニウム合金触媒。
- 前記担体上の白金およびルテニウムの濃度が、前記触媒の総重量に基づいて、1重量%〜90重量%の範囲内もしくは20重量%〜80重量%の範囲内にある、請求項11に記載の担持された白金−ルテニウム合金触媒。
- 前記担体上の白金、ルテニウムおよび金の濃度が、前記触媒の総重量に基づいて、1重量%〜90重量%の範囲内もしくは20重量%〜80重量%の範囲内にある、請求項12に記載の担持された白金−ルテニウム合金触媒。
- 原子比がPt:Co=3:1である担持された白金−コバルト合金触媒であって、微結晶サイズが3nm未満であり、かつ格子定数が0.3870nm(XRDより)未満である、合金触媒。
- 前記担体上の白金およびコバルトの濃度が、前記触媒の総重量に基づいて、1重量%〜90重量%の範囲内もしくは20重量%〜80重量%の範囲内にある、請求項15に記載の担持された白金−コバルト合金触媒。
- 燃料電池用の電極触媒、またはCO酸化もしくは排気ガス浄化用の気相触媒としての請求項11に記載の触媒の使用。
- 燃料電池用の電極触媒、またはCO酸化もしくは排気ガス浄化用の気相触媒としての請求項15に記載の触媒の使用。
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EP1812160A1 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
US20120058888A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
EP1812160B1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
JP5105602B2 (ja) | 2012-12-26 |
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