JP2008067645A - 農業用フィルム - Google Patents
農業用フィルム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008067645A JP2008067645A JP2006249239A JP2006249239A JP2008067645A JP 2008067645 A JP2008067645 A JP 2008067645A JP 2006249239 A JP2006249239 A JP 2006249239A JP 2006249239 A JP2006249239 A JP 2006249239A JP 2008067645 A JP2008067645 A JP 2008067645A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- film
- acid
- coating film
- antifogging
- agricultural
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
- Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】基体樹脂フィルムの少なくともハウス内側の最表面に、2〜4官能アルコキシシラン化合物もしくはその多量体の加水分解物でシラノール性水酸基を有する成分を含有する防曇剤組成物を形成させた防曇塗膜を有することを特徴とする農業用フィルム。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明の防曇性塗膜は、2〜4官能アルコキシシラン化合物もしくはその多量体の加水分解物でシラノール性水酸基を有する成分を含有する防曇性組成物から形成されることを特徴とする。本発明においては、当該組成物からなる防曇性塗膜を基体樹脂フィルムのハウス内側の表面に直接形成させることができ、これにより得られる農業用フィルムは良好な防曇性能を発揮する。また、本発明においては、基体樹脂フィルム表面に、後述する無機コロイド物質及び/又は合成樹脂成分を主成分とした組成物からなる下層塗膜を形成させ、その上に、上記防曇剤組成物から形成される防曇性塗膜を積層することができ、これにより更に優れた防曇性能を発揮させることができる。更に、本発明においては、下層塗膜上に、2〜4官能アルコキシシラン化合物もしくはその多量体の加水分解物でシラノール性水酸基を有する成分と無機微粒子を含む防曇剤組成物からなる防曇性塗膜を積層することもできる。また、下層塗膜は1層のみでもよいし、2層以上形成させてもよい。
n=2のとき2官能性アルコキシシラン化合物であり、n=1のとき3官能性アルコキシシラン化合物であり、n=0のとき4官能性アルコキシシラン化合物となる。このシラン化合物(2)は、単独種類でも複数種類の混合物でもよく、以下に例示される化合物の中から好適に選択することが出来る。
脂肪族の炭化水素基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、i−プロピル基、n−ブチル基、i−ブチル基、t−ブチル基、n−ペンチル基、i−ペンチル基、ネオペンチル基、n−ヘキシル基、n−ヘプチル基、n−オクチル基、2−エチルヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
脂環族の炭化水素基としては、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
芳香族の炭化水素基としては、アリール基、キシリル基、ナフチル基等が挙げられる。
尚、上記炭化水素基は、置換基やヘテロ原子を含有しても良く、ハロゲン元素、ヒドロキシル基、エーテル基等を有する炭化水素基であってもよい。
又、上記一般式(2)において、R4が複数ある場合、各R4は同一の炭化水素基でもよいし、異なる炭化水素基でもよい。
この炭化水素基は、脂肪族、脂環族及び芳香族のいずれであってもよく、上記R4として例示したものを適用することが出来る。また、アルコキシル基としては、上記R4を用いて表される−OR4を適用することが出来る。尚、上記炭化水素基及びアルコキシル基は、置換基を有してもよく、ハロゲン原子、窒素原子、ヒドロキシル基、エーテル基等を有する炭化水素基及びアルコキシル基であってもよい。
上記一般式(2)におけるR4が脂肪族の炭化水素基であり、且つ、n=0である場合、R4の炭素数は好ましくは1〜8、更に好ましくは1〜6、特に好ましくは1〜4である。従って、テトラメトキシシラン、テトラエトキシシラン、テトラn−プロポキシシラン、テトライソプロポキシシラン、テトラn−ブトキシシラン、テトライソブトキキシラン、テトラsec−ブトキシシラン、テトラt−ブトキシシラン、テトラフェノキシシラン等が挙げられる。
また、上記一般式(2)におけるR4が脂肪族の炭化水素基であり、R5が有機基であり、且つ、n=1である場合、メチルトリメトキシシラン、メチルトリエトキシシラン、エチルトリメトキシシラン、エチルトリエトキシシラン、プロピルトリメトキシシラン、プロピルトリエトキシシラン、ブチルトリメトキシシラン、ブチルトリエトキシシラン、ヘキシルトリメトキシシラン、ヘキシルトリエトキシシラン等のアルキルトリアルコキシシラン;フェニルトリメトキシシラン、フェニルトリエトキシシラン等のアリールトリアルコキシシラン;3−クロロプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N−(2−アミノエチル)−3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3−メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン等が挙げられる。
更に、上記一般式(2)におけるR4が脂肪族の炭化水素基であり、R5が有機基であり、且つ、n=2である場合、ジメチルジメトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、ジエチルジエトキシシラン等のジアルキルジアルコキシシラン等が挙げられる。
中でも、上記一般式(2)におけるR4が脂肪族の炭化水素基であり、R5が有機基であり、且つ、n=1である化合物を好ましく使用することが出来る。
上記一般式(3)において、各R6は同一の炭化水素基でもよいし、異なる炭化水素基でもよい。縮合の程度は、R6の炭化水素基の炭素数が1又は2である場合、通常、2〜10量体、好ましくは2〜6量体、更に好ましくは2〜4量体である。また、R6の炭化水素基の炭素数が3〜6である場合、通常、2〜10量体、好ましくは2〜8量体、更に好ましくは4〜8量体である。
尚、上記アルコキシシランの縮合物は、上記一般式(3)においてR6の一部が水素原子であってもよい。このようなシラノール基の含有割合は、縮合前のアルコキシル基の全量に対して、好ましくは20%以下、より好ましくは15%以下、更に好ましくは10%以下である。上記シラノール基の含有量をこの範囲とすることにより、アルコキシシランの縮合物が結晶状態となることを抑制することができる。
本発明において、上記アルコキシシランの縮合物としては、上記一般式(3)におけるR6が炭素数3〜6の炭化水素基であり、且つ、4〜8量体である化合物が好ましい。
上記アルコキシシランの多量体(縮合物)は、2〜4官能シラン化合物及び/又はその多量体として、1種単独であるいは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができるばかりでなく、アルコキシシランと、アルコキシシランの縮合物とを組み合わせて用いることもできる。
100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.1〜10質量部、より好ましくは0.1〜5質量
部、更に好ましくは0.5〜5質量部である。この範囲にあれば、加水分解の促進効果が
十分である。尚、この触媒の含有量が少なすぎると、加水分解の促進効果が十分でない場
合がある。
本発明では、最表面層の防曇性塗膜の下に、基体樹脂フィルムに予め1層又は2層以上の合成樹脂バインダー及び/又は無機質コロイドゾルを主成分とする組成物からなる下層塗膜を形成することにより、更に優れた防曇性を得ることが出来る。これは、基体樹脂フィルム表面が疎水性である場合に特に効果を発揮し、良好な防曇性を長期間維持することが可能となる。尚、本発明の下層塗膜を形成するのに使用する組成物(以下、「下層塗膜用の組成物」ともいう)が合成樹脂バインダーを主成分とするときは、下層塗膜は主に防曇性塗膜と基体樹脂フィルムとのバインダーとしての機能を有する。また、下層塗膜用の組成物が、合成樹脂バインダー及び無機質コロイドゾル、或いは無機質コロイドゾルを主成分とするときは、下層塗膜はバインダーとしての機能に加えて防曇被膜としての機能も有する。本発明においては、下層塗膜用の組成物が、合成樹脂バインダー及び無機質コロイドゾル、或いは無機質コロイドゾルを主成分とする場合は、当該組成物を下層塗膜用の防曇剤組成物ともよぶものとする。
本発明における基体樹脂フィルムとしては、農業用フィルムに用いられる公知の樹脂に添加剤を混合したものを用いることができる。
また、本発明において、ポリオレフィン系樹脂の少なくとも一成分としてメタロセン触媒で共重合して得られるエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合樹脂を使用することができる。
(A法)特開昭58−19309号、特開昭59−95292号、特開昭60−35005号、特開昭60−35006号、特開昭60−35007号、特開昭60−35008号、特開昭60−35009号、特開昭61−130314号、特開平3−163088号の各公開公報、ヨーロッパ特許出願公開第420436号明細書、米国特許第5055438号明細書及び国際公報WO91/04247号明細書などに記載されている方法、即ちメタロセン触媒、特にメタロセン・アルモキサン触媒、又は、例えば、国際公開公報WO92/01723号明細書等に開示されているような、メタロセン化合物と、メタロセン化合物と反応して安定なイオンとなる化合物からなる触媒、又は、更には、特開平5−295020号、特開平5−295022号などに記載されているような、メタロセン化合物を無機化合物に担持させた触媒などを使用して、主成分のエチレンと従成分の炭素数4〜20のα−オレフィンとを、得られる共重合体の密度が0.880〜0.930g/cm3となるように共重合させる方法である。この重合方法としては、高圧イオン重合法、溶液法、スラリー法、気相法などを挙げることができる。これらの中では高圧イオン重合法で製造するのが好ましい。
(B法)特開平6−9724号、特開平6−136195号、特開平6−136196号、特開平6−207057号の各公開公報に記載されているメタロセン触媒成分、有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物触媒成分、微粒子状担体、および必要に応じて有機アルミニウム化合物触媒成分、イオン化イオン性化合物触媒成分を含む、オレフィン重合用触媒の存在下に、気相、またはスラリー状あるいは溶液状の液相で種々の条件でエチレンとα−オレフィン、具体的には炭素原子数3〜20のα−オレフィンとを、得られる共重合体の密度が0.900〜0.930g/cm3となるように共重合させる方法。
フィルムの良好な初期透明性及び透明持続性が得られる点では上記(A)法、(B)法に拘泥されることなく、メタロセン化合物を用いて重合されたポリオレフィン系樹脂、即ち、メタロセンポリエチレンを用いることが出来る。
上記温度上昇溶離分別(Temperature Rising Elution Fractionation:TREF)による溶出曲線の測定は、「Journal of Applied Polymer Science.Vol 126,4, 217−4,231(1981)」、「高分子討論会予稿集2P1C09(昭和63年)」等の文献に記載されている原理に基づいて実施される。すなわち、先ず対象とするポリエチレンを溶媒中で一度完全に溶解させる。その後、冷却し、不活性担体表面に薄いポリマー層を生成させる。かかるポリマー層は結晶し易いものが内側(不活性担体表面に近い側)に形成され、結晶し難いものが外側に形成されてなるものである。次に、温度を連続又は段階的に昇温することにより、先ず、低温度では対象ポリマー中の非晶部分から、すなわち、ポリマーの持つ短鎖分岐の分岐度の多いものから溶出する。溶出温度が上昇すると共に、徐々に分岐度の少ないものが溶出し、ついには分岐の無い直鎖状の部分が溶出して測定は終了する。この各温度での溶出成分の濃度を連続的に検出して、その溶出量と溶出温度によって描かれるグラフ(溶出曲線)のピークによって、ポリマーの組成分布を測定することができるものである。
JIS−K7210により測定されたMFRが0.01〜10g/10分、好ましくは0.1〜5g/10分の値を示すものである。該MFRがこの範囲より大きいと成形時にフィルムが蛇行し安定しない。また、該MFRがこの範囲より小さすぎると成形時の樹脂圧力が増大し、成形機に負荷がかかるため、生産量を減少させて圧力の増大を抑制しなければならず、実用性に乏しい。
JIS−K7112により測定された密度が0.880〜0.930g/cm3、好ましくは0.880〜0.920g/cm3の値を示すものである。該密度がこの範囲より大きいと透明性が悪化する。また、密度がこの範囲より小さいと、フィルム表面のべたつきによりブロッキングが生じ実用性に乏しくなる。
ゲルパーミュレーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)によって求められる分子量分布(重量平均分子量/数平均分子量)は1.5〜3.5、好ましくは1.5〜3.0の値を示すものである。該分子量分布がこの範囲より大きいと機械的強度が低下し好ましくない。該分子量分布がこの範囲より小さいと成形時にフィルムが蛇行し安定しない。
ポリオレフィン系フィルムの調製
3層インフレーション成形装置として3層ダイに100mmφ((株)プラ工研製)を用い、押出機はチューブ外内層を30mmφ((株)プラ技研製)2台、中間層を40mmφ((株)プラ技研製)として、外内層押出し機温度180℃、中間層押し出し機温度170℃、ダイス温度180〜190℃、ブロー比2.0〜3.0、引取り速度3〜7m/分、厚さ0.15mmにて表1に示した成分からなる3層の積層フィルムを得た。なお、これらのフィルムは、ハウス展張時にチューブの端部を切り開いて使用するため、展開した際に製膜時のチューブ外層が展張時にはハウスの内層(内面)となる。
HP−LDPE:高圧ラジカル法触媒で製造した分岐状ポリエチレン(MFR:1.1g/10分、密度0.920)日本ポリケム製ノバテックLD「YF30」
メタロセンPE:メタロセン触媒で製造したエチレン・αオレフィン共重合体(MFR:2g/10分、密度0.907)日本ポリケム製カーネル「KF270」
EVA1 :エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体(酢酸ビニル含有量5重量%、MFR2g/10分)
EVA2 :エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体(酢酸ビニル含有量15重量%、MFR2g/10分)
紫外線吸収剤A:サイテック製トリアリールトリアジン系紫外線吸収剤「UV1164」
合成ハイドロタルサイトA:協和化学(株)製「DHT4A」
光安定剤A:チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ社製光安定剤 「chimassorb 944」
光安定剤B:チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ社製光安定剤 「Tinuvin NOR 371 FF」
エチレン・環状アミノビニル共重合体:日本ポリエチレン(株)製「ノバテックLD・XJ100H」MFR=3g/10分(190℃、JIS−K6760) 密度=0.931g/cm3(JIS−K6760)環状アミノビニル化合物含量=5.1重量%(0.7モル%)孤立して存在する環状アミノビニル化合物の割合=90モル% 融点=111℃
基体ポリエチレンテレフタレートフイルムとしては、帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製PETフィルム「OHW」(150μm厚)を使用した。
得られたフィルムのハウス内側にあたる表面を、放電電圧120V、放電電流4.7A、ラインスピード10m/minでコロナ放電処理を行い、JIS−K6768による「濡れ指数」を測定、確認した。
下記に示した無機質コロイドゾル(シリカゾル及び/又はアルミナゾル)、熱可塑性樹脂、架橋剤、液状分散媒を配合して防曇剤組成物A〜C、バインダー樹脂組成物A等の塗液組成物を得た。
<防曇剤組成物A:疎水性アクリルバインダー使用>
無機質コロイドゾル1(スノーテックスZL) 3.0
無機質コロイドゾル2(スノーテックス20L) 3.0
熱可塑性樹脂(GD88:疎水性アクリルバインダー樹脂) 4.0
架橋助剤(EB10) 0.1
架橋剤(EA55) 0.2
分散媒(水/IPA=6/4) 90
(注)無機質コロイドゾルの配合量は無機質粒子量で示し、熱可塑性樹脂の配合量は重合体固形分量で示す。
スノーテックスZL:日産化学(株)製
スノーテックス20L:日産化学(株)製
GD88:日本NSC(株)製アクリルエマルジョン
EB10:日本NSC(株)製
EA55:日本NSC(株)製
無機質コロイドゾル1(スノーテックスZL) 3.0
無機質コロイドゾル2(スノーテックス20L) 3.0
熱可塑性樹脂(GD88:疎水性アクリルバインダー樹脂) 3.2
熱可塑性樹脂(WS−4000:ウレタン系バインダー樹脂) 0.8
架橋助剤(EB10) 0.1
架橋剤(EA55) 0.2
分散媒(水/IPA=6/4) 90
アルコール分散コロイダルシリカ(メタノールシリカ) 5
熱可塑性樹脂(サフトマーST6400:親水性アクリルバインダー樹脂) 5
架橋剤(3−メルカプトプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン) 0.3
界面活性剤(ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル) 1
分散媒(メタノール) 80
(注)無機質コロイドゾルの配合量は無機質粒子量で示し、熱可塑性樹脂の配合量は重合体固形分量で示す。
メタノールシリカ:日産化学工業(株)製シリカゾル
サフトマーST6400:三菱化学(株)製親水性アクリル樹脂
熱可塑性樹脂(A−612) 31
分散媒(水) 69
A−612:楠本化成(株)製
(2)で表面処理した基体樹脂フィルムの表面に、上記の塗液組成物それぞれ#8バーコーターを用いて塗布した。塗布したフィルムを80℃のオーブン中に1分間保持して、液状分散媒を揮発させ下層塗膜を形成した後、得られた各フィルムの塗膜の厚みを確認した。
下記に示した主成分の各種シラン化合物A、B、及び場合により無機微粒子A、B、Cを水又はIPAの混合溶媒に分散させた溶液を配合して各表記載の防曇剤組成物を得た。
シラン化合物A:フレッセラR(松下電工(株))
シラン化合物B:シンスイフロー「MS−1208」(大日本色材工業(株))
コロイダルシリカA:スノーテックスL(日産化学(株)製)
コロイダルシリカB:スノーテックスOL(日産化学(株)製)
コロイダルシリカC:スノーテックス20L(日産化学(株)製)
(5)で調製した防曇剤組成物を、(4)基体樹脂フィルム上に形成させた下層塗膜の上に、又は(2)で表面処理した基体樹脂フィルム表面に、上記の各種防曇剤組成物を#3バーコーターを用いて各々塗布した。塗布したフィルムを80℃のオーブン中に1分間保持して、液状分散媒を揮発させ上層塗膜を形成した。
透明性
防曇性塗膜を形成(塗工)後のフィルムの波長555nmにおける直進光線透過率を分光光度計(日立製作所製、U3500型)により測定し、その値を示した。
防曇性塗膜を形成(塗工)後のフィルムのHAZE値(曇価)をヘイズメーター(東京電色製:TC−H3DP)により測定し、その値を示した。
防曇性塗膜を形成(塗工)後のフィルムにおいて、成形品の塗膜を形成した面にセロハンテープを接着し、このセロハンテープを剥す時にかかる荷重をJIS−K6732の測定法に準拠して、温度23℃においてT字剥離強度として測定し、その数値を示した。
防曇性塗膜を形成(塗工)後のフィルムにおいて、10cm×10cmにカットした成形品の中心を指でつまみ3回ひねったのちフィルムを開き、その際の折りジワに発生する白化部分(サンプル中で最も広い部分)の幅を計測し、下記の基準に基づいて判別した。
この評価基準は、次の通りである。
○ …折りジワからの白化部分の幅が0.5mm以内のもの
△ …折りジワからの白化部分の幅が0.5mmより広く1mm以内のもの
× …折りジワからの白化部分の幅が1mmより広いもの
成形品の外観を肉眼で観察した。この評価基準は、次の通りである。
◎ …基体樹脂フィルムに接する防曇性塗膜のみを塗工したものと比較して、更にハウス内側表面に積層される防曇性塗膜を積層したものの方が透明性良好であるもの
○ …基体樹脂フィルムに接する防曇性塗膜のみを塗工したものと比較して、更にハウス内側表面に積層される防曇性塗膜を積層したものの透明性がほぼ同等のもの。
○×…基体樹脂フィルムに接する防曇性塗膜のみを塗工したものと比較して、更にハウス内側表面に積層される防曇性塗膜を積層したものの透明性の低下がやや認められるもの。
△ …基体樹脂フィルムに接する防曇性塗膜のみを塗工したものと比較して、更にハウス内側表面に積層される防曇性塗膜を積層したものの透明性の低下がかなり認められるもの。
× …基体樹脂フィルムに接する防曇性塗膜のみを塗工したものと比較して、更にハウス内側表面に積層される防曇性塗膜を積層したものの透明性の低下が非常に激しく、実用に耐えないもの。
結露しにくい条件での水滴が流れ始める迄の時間を基準として防曇性の判断基準とした
(観察条件)
水をいれた水槽の上部に、防曇性塗膜を形成した表面を水槽内部に向けて配置し、外気温を12℃、水槽内気温を22℃に保持し、所定時間経過時点での防曇性の発現速さを肉眼で観察し、水滴が流れ始める迄の時間を示した。
又、水滴が流れ始める迄の時間により、下記評価基準によって防曇性評価とした。
◎ …水滴が流れ始める迄の時間が60分以内のもの。
○ …水滴が流れ始める迄の時間が60分より長く150以内のもの。
× …水滴が流れ始める迄の時間が150分より長いもの。
(負荷試験の条件)
水をいれた水槽の上部に、防曇性塗膜を形成した表面を水槽内部に向けて配置し、外気温を23℃、水槽内水温を50℃に保持し、1ヶ月経過時点での防曇性の発現速さを上記条件に従い、肉眼で観察し、水滴が流れ始める迄の時間を示した。
50℃に保たれた恒温室の中で、10cm四方のサンプルの防曇性塗膜表面同士が接するように置き、2枚のサンプルの塗膜間に水が均一に広がる様に1ccの水を含ませた。この状態で100cm2あたり150kgの荷重をかけて50℃恒温室中で15時間放置した後のフィルムを重ねた状態で2.5cm×10cmに切断し、二枚のフィルムを長手方向に剥離するときの荷重をJIS−K6732の測定法に準拠して、温度23℃においてT字剥離強度として測定し、その数値を示した。
上記配合により、フィルム厚150μm、層比1/3/1のポリオレフィン系三層フィルムを作製し、基体樹脂フィルムに接する下層塗膜(疎水性アクリル樹脂+無機コロイドゾル)を形成させたのち、その上にシラン化合物を主成分とする防曇性塗膜を積層したフィルムを作製した。前記方法により透明性、曇価、塗膜密着性、外観、結露しにくい条件での防曇性評価を行なった。その結果を表2に示す。これら結果から本発明に係る防曇性塗膜を有するポリオレフィン系フィルムが良好な折りジワ白化性を有しており、塗膜密着性も良好で、且つ、市販の農業用ポリオレフィン系フィルム(三菱化学MKV(株)製「スーパーソーラームテキS」)と比較しても極めて高い防曇性を有していることが判る。
上記配合により、フィルム厚150μm、層比1/3/1のポリオレフィン系三層フィルムを作製し、基体樹脂フィルムに接する下層塗膜(疎水性アクリル樹脂+無機コロイドゾル、親水性アクリル+無機コロイドゾル)を形成させたのち、その上にシラン化合物及び無機微粒子を主成分とする防曇性塗膜を積層したフィルムを作製した。前記方法により透明性、曇価、塗膜密着性、外観、結露しにくい条件での防曇性評価を行なった。その結果を表3に示す。これら結果から本発明に係る防曇性塗膜を有するポリオレフィン系フィルムが良好な折りジワ白化性を有しており、塗膜密着性も良好で、且つ、市販の農業用ポリオレフィン系フィルム(三菱化学MKV(株)製「スーパーソーラームテキS」)と比較しても極めて高い防曇性を有していることが判る。
上記配合により、フィルム厚150μm、層比1/3/1のポリオレフィン系三層フィルムを作製し、基体樹脂フィルムに接する下層塗膜(疎水性アクリル樹脂+ウレタン樹脂+無機コロイドゾル、アクリル樹脂単独、疎水性アクリル樹脂+無機コロイドゾル)を形成したのち、(一部のサンプル(実施例11)には無機微粒子を主成分とする塗膜を更に積層し)、その上にシラン化合物及び無機微粒子、シラン化合物、又は無機微粒子を主成分とする防曇性塗膜を積層したフィルムを作製した。前記方法により透明性、曇価、塗膜密着性、外観、結露しにくい条件での防曇性評価を行なった。その結果を表4に示す。これら結果から本発明に係る防曇性塗膜を有するポリオレフィン系フィルムが良好な折りジワ白化性を有しており、塗膜密着性も良好で、且つ、市販の農業用ポリオレフィン系フィルム(三菱化学MKV(株)製「スーパーソーラームテキS」)と比較しても極めて高い防曇性を有していることが判る。
上記配合により、フィルム厚150μm、層比1/3/1のポリオレフィン系三層フィルムを作製し、基体樹脂フィルムに接する下層塗膜(親水性アクリル樹脂+無機コロイドゾル)を形成したのち、その上にシラン化合物、もしくはシラン化合物及び無機微粒子を主成分とする防曇性塗膜を積層したフィルムを作製した。前記方法により塗膜密着性、ブロッキング防止性評価を行なった。その結果を〔表5〕に示す。これら結果から本発明に係る防曇性塗膜を有するポリオレフィン系フィルムが非常に高いブロッキング防止性を有していることが判る。
フィルム厚150μmの市販のPETフィルムを使用し、基体樹脂フィルムに直接シラン化合物を主成分とする防曇性塗膜を形成したフィルムを作製した(実施例14)。また、基体樹脂フィルムに接する下層塗膜(バインダー樹脂成分:疎水性アクリル樹脂)を形成したのち、その上にシラン化合物及び無機微粒子を主成分とする防曇性塗膜を積層したフィルムを作製した。前記方法により透明性、曇価、塗膜密着性、外観、結露しにくい条件での防曇性評価を行なった。その結果を表6に示す。これら結果から、本発明に係る防曇性塗膜を有するPETフィルムが非常に高い透明性を有しており、塗膜密着性も良好で、且つ、市販の農業用ポリエチレンテレフタレート系フィルム(三菱化学MKV(株)製「シクスライトクリーンムテキ」)と比較しても極めて高い防曇性を有していることが判る。特に、基体樹脂フィルムに接する下層塗膜の上に防曇性塗膜を形成すると、基体樹脂フィルムに直接防曇性塗幕を形成する場合に比べてより優れた防曇性を付与することができることが判る。
本発明は、優れた防曇性を有し、水滴による光散乱による光量不足に起因した栽培性低下及び水滴落下に起因する病害発生を防止し、更に、折りジワ白化しにくい上、倉庫保管時等展張前の塗膜同士のブロッキングを防止した農業用フィルムを提供することにある。 本発明の農業用フィルムは、透明でも、梨地でも、半梨地でもよく、ハウス、トンネル、マルチング用、袋掛用等の農業用フィルム用途に好適に使用することができる。
Claims (13)
- 基体樹脂フィルムの少なくともハウス内側の最表面に、2〜4官能アルコキシシラン化合物及び/又はその多量体の加水分解物でシラノール性水酸基を有する成分を含有する防曇剤組成物から形成される防曇性塗膜を有することを特徴とする農業用フィルム。
- 基体樹脂フィルムのハウス内側表面に、合成樹脂バインダー及び/又は無機質コロイドゾルを主成分とする組成物から形成される下層塗膜を有し、当該塗膜上に、2〜4官能アルコキシシラン化合物及び/又はその多量体の加水分解物でシラノール性水酸基を有する成分を含有する防曇剤組成物から形成される防曇性塗膜が積層されていることを特徴とする農業用フィルム。
- 基体樹脂フィルムのハウス内側表面に、少なくとも2層以上の合成樹脂バインダー及び/又は無機質コロイドゾルを主成分とする組成物から形成される下層塗膜を有し、その上に、2〜4官能アルコキシシラン化合物及び/又はその多量体の加水分解物でシラノール性水酸基を有する成分を含有する防曇剤組成物から形成される防曇性塗膜が積層されていることを特徴とする農業用フィルム。
- 防曇剤組成物が更に無機微粒子を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の農業用フィルム。
- 無機微粒子が無機質コロイド状物質であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の農業用フィルム。
- 無機微粒子がコロイダルシリカ及び/又はコロイダルアルミナであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の農業用フィルム。
- 前記下層塗膜用の組成物に含まれる無機質コロイドゾルがコロイダルシリカ及び/又はコロイダルアルミナであることを特徴とする請求項2〜6のいずれか1項に記載の農業用フィルム。
- 合成樹脂バインダーがアクリル系樹脂及び/又はウレタン系樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項2〜7のいずれか1項に記載の農業用フィルム。
- 基体樹脂フィルムがポリオレフィン系樹脂フィルムであることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の農業用フィルム
- 基体樹脂フィルムがポリエチレンテレフタレート系樹脂フィルムであることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の農業用フィルム。
- 前記式(1)におけるR1及びR2がそれぞれ水素原子又はメチル基であり、R3が水素原子である、請求項11に記載の農業用フィルム。
- ハウス内側最表面に形成される防曇剤組成物の塗膜乾燥温度が200℃以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の農業用フィルム。
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