JP6564195B2 - 農業用フィルム - Google Patents
農業用フィルム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6564195B2 JP6564195B2 JP2015022714A JP2015022714A JP6564195B2 JP 6564195 B2 JP6564195 B2 JP 6564195B2 JP 2015022714 A JP2015022714 A JP 2015022714A JP 2015022714 A JP2015022714 A JP 2015022714A JP 6564195 B2 JP6564195 B2 JP 6564195B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- film
- zinc oxide
- light transmittance
- agricultural film
- agricultural
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 128
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 ethylene, propylene, acrylonitrile Chemical class 0.000 description 86
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 59
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 40
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 36
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 35
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 33
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 16
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 13
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N Sorbitan monopalmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 5
- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 5
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- QUAMTGJKVDWJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octabenzone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QUAMTGJKVDWJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001570 sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011071 sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940031953 sorbitan monopalmitate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229950003429 sorbitan palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229950011392 sorbitan stearate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 3
- GAMRDXGPACRSMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tridecoxycarbonylbutane-1,1,2-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)C(C(CC)C(=O)O)(C(=O)O)C(=O)O GAMRDXGPACRSMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WZUNUACWCJJERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)(CO)CO WZUNUACWCJJERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEVFXWNQQSSNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-hexoxyphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC(OCCCCCC)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 LEVFXWNQQSSNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical class C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004712 Metallocene polyethylene (PE-MC) Substances 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFOZVQLOBQUTQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tributyl citrate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCCCC)CC(=O)OCCCC ZFOZVQLOBQUTQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- WOGWRXSITPCETK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl] hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COCC(O)CO WOGWRXSITPCETK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001541 aziridines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940105990 diglycerin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007603 infrared drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDKSZLFJOLSRHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) butane-1,1,1,2-tetracarboxylate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)C(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1)(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1)C(CC)C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1 JDKSZLFJOLSRHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYKHQQHUHLNYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) butane-1,1,1,2-tetracarboxylate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)C(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1)(C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1)C(CC)C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 NYKHQQHUHLNYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiglycol Chemical compound OCCSCCO YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CVNKFOIOZXAFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Sn+4] CVNKFOIOZXAFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QFGWYYQGDCVPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethyl(hexadecyl)azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC QFGWYYQGDCVPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SGKKYCDALBXNCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[2-tert-butyl-4-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)sulfanyl-5-methylphenyl] phosphite Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(SC=2C(=CC(OP(OC=3C(=CC(SC=4C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=4)C(C)(C)C)=C(C)C=3)C(C)(C)C)OC=3C(=CC(SC=4C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=4)C(C)(C)C)=C(C)C=3)C(C)(C)C)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C)=C1 SGKKYCDALBXNCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000045561 useful plants Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Description
また、感温遮光性を有する樹脂組成物を農業用フィルムに用いる技術も知られているが(例えば、特許文献3)、コスト的に不利であることや、寿命が短く、透明な状態と遮光の状態の間の透過率変化が小さいという問題があった。
[1]酸化亜鉛を含有し、初期の555nmにおける直進光線透過率(%)と、以下の条件の促進試験に120時間曝露した後の555nmにおける直進光線透過率(%)の差が20%以上である農業用フィルム。
(a)60℃、湿度70%の条件下、295〜780nmの波長分布の光を80mW/cm2の照射強度で5時間照射、及び
(b)30℃、98%(シャワーによる水噴霧あり)の条件下、照射無しで1時間のサイクル
を交互に繰り返す。
[2]酸化亜鉛をフィルム全体の質量に対して0.25質量%より大きく5.0質量%以下含有する、[1]に記載の農業用フィルム。
[3]少なくとも外層、中間層及び内層を有するポリオレフィン系多層フィルムである、[1]又は[2]に記載の農業用フィルム。
[4]酸化亜鉛を少なくとも表面層に含有する、[3]に記載の農業用フィルム。
[5]酸化亜鉛の表面層濃度が中間層濃度に対して高い[3]又は[4]に記載の農業用フィルム。
[6]酸化亜鉛を含有し、初期の555nmにおける直進光線透過率(%)と、展張後の直進光線透過率(%)の差が20%以上である農業用フィルムを使用することを特徴とする栽培方法。
[7]酸化亜鉛を含有し、初期の555nmにおける直進光線透過率(%)と、展張後の直進光線透過率(%)の差が20%以上である農業用フィルムを、秋期〜春期に展張し、春〜秋期まで使用することを特徴とする栽培方法。
[8]酸化亜鉛を含有し、初期の555nmにおける直進光線透過率(%)と、展張から2月以上経過後における直進光線透過率(%)の差が20%以上である農業用フィルムを、秋期〜春期に展張し、春〜秋期まで使用することを特徴とする栽培方法。
に関する。
(a)60℃、湿度70%の条件下、295〜780nmの波長分布の光を80mW/cm2の照射強度で5時間照射、及び
(b)30℃、98%(シャワーによる水噴霧あり)の条件下、照射無しで1時間のサイクル、を交互に繰り返す(以下「実施態様1」とも言う)。
本発明に使用できる農業用フィルムの材料(基材樹脂)としては、一般に150〜250℃程度で溶融成形しうるフィルム形成能のあるものであって、一般に農業用被覆材用に用いられているものはいずれのものでも使用することができる。例えば、ポリ塩化ビニル等の塩化ビニル系樹脂、ポリオレフィン系樹脂等が代表的なものとして挙げられるが、これら樹脂に限定されるわけではない。
本発明の農業用フィルムは酸化亜鉛を含有する。酸化亜鉛を特定条件及び方法でフィルムに添加することにより、初期は透明であるが、展張後経時的にフィルムが白濁して透明性を低下する農業用遮光フィルムを提供することができる。
本発明で用いられる酸化亜鉛の粒径は、10nm以上100nm以下、好ましくは20nmより大きく100nm以下、更に好ましくは30nmより大きく100nm以下である。
酸化亜鉛をフィルム全体に添加すると、分散性の面では良好であるが、酸化亜鉛がフィルム全体に分散するため、所望の白濁現象を得るには酸化亜鉛の添加量を高くする必要があり、コスト的にも不利である。これに対して、同じ添加量の酸化亜鉛を表面層(外層及び/又は内層)に添加すると、表面層中での酸化亜鉛の濃度は高くなり、少ない添加量で目的とする白濁現象を得ることができる。
本発明の農業用フィルムの一つの側面においては、外層又は内層に酸化亜鉛を1〜10質量%(外層又は内層の質量に対して)を含有する。
また、本発明の農業用フィルムの一つの側面においては、酸化亜鉛のフィルム表面層における添加濃度がフィルム中間層における添加濃度に対して高い。
表面処理されていない酸化亜鉛を使用した場合、分散性は低めになり、凝集懸念が増加するものの、比較的低濃度で白濁現象が発現しやすく、コスト的にも有利となる。分散性については、粒径を適切に制御し、二次凝集を低減する工夫をすることが出来る。一方、表面処理された酸化亜鉛を使用した場合、分散性が向上し、凝集が低減される一方、白濁現象を抑制する方向に働く為、添加量や粒径を適切に選択する必要がある。これら酸化亜鉛は初期透過率や白濁程度、白濁する速度を考慮して、適切に選択する必要がある。
また、本発明の農業用フィルムは、白濁現象が不可逆的なものであるので、単年度使用される農業用フィルムに適していることから、フィルム厚みは0.05〜0.1mm程度であることがコスト的には有利である。
Mg4.5Al2(OH)13CO3・3.5H2O(2)
[Al2(Li(1−x)・M(x+y))(OH)6+y]2(An−)2(1+x)/n・mH2O(3)(式中、MはMg及び/又はZnで、Aはn価のアニオン、mは0又は正の数、x及びyは0≦x<1、0≦y≦0.5の範囲である。)
また、本発明のもう一つの実施態様は、酸化亜鉛を含有し、初期の555nmにおける直進光線透過率(%)と、展張後の直進光線透過率(%)の差、好ましくは展張から2月以上(好ましくは8月、より好ましくは4月、更に好ましくは2月)経過後における直進光線透過率(%)の差が20%以上である農業用フィルムを、秋〜春期に展張し、春〜秋期まで使用することを特徴とする栽培方法である(以下「実施態様4」とも言う)。
実施態様3及び4における農業用フィルムについての、基材樹脂、酸化亜鉛の添加量、用いられる酸化亜鉛の粒径、表面処理の有無、積層フィルムの場合に酸化亜鉛を添加する層及び濃度等に、農業用フィルムに添加されるその他の添加剤等については、実施態様1の農業用フィルムについて記載した通りである。
本発明の栽培方法は、施設園芸で栽培されるいずれの作物にも用いることができるが、特に、通常春期〜秋期に遮光をすることで、栽培効果が得られやすい葉菜類、ニンジンなどをはじめとする根菜類、イチゴなどをはじめとする果菜類の栽培などに適している。
ここでいう、春期、夏期、秋期、冬期とは、1年間の内、最も平均気温の低い月を中心とした3か月を冬期、最も平均気温の高い月を中心とした3か月を夏期とし、春期と秋期をその間の期間とする。
3層インフレーション成形装置として3層ダイに100mmφ((株)プラ工研製)を用い、押出機はチューブ外内層を30mmφ((株)プラ技研製)2台、中間層を40mmφ((株)プラ技研製)として、外内層押出し機温度180℃、中間層押し出し機温度170℃、ダイス温度180〜190℃、ブロー比2.0〜3.0、引取り速度3〜7m/分、厚さ0.05mmにて表1に示した成分からなる3層の積層フィルム、及び厚さ0.15mmにて表2に示した成分からなる3層の積層フィルムを得た。
なお、これらのフィルムは、ハウス展張時にチューブの端部を切り開いて使用するため、展開した際に製膜時のチューブ外層が展張時にはハウスの内層(内面)となる。
HP−LDPE:高圧ラジカル法触媒で製造した分岐状ポリエチレン(MFR:0.8g/10分、密度0.922)宇部丸善ポリエチエレン製「F022NH」
メタロセンPE:メタロセン触媒で製造したエチレン・αオレフィン共重合体(MFR:2.0g/10分、密度0.91307)日本ポリケム製カーネル「KF270」
EVA1 :エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体(酢酸ビニル含有量15重量%、MFR2g/10分)
EVA2 :エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体(酢酸ビニル含有量5重量%、MFR2g/10分)
紫外線吸収剤B:BASF製tinuvin1577ED(2−(4,6−ジフェニル−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル)−5−[(ヘキシル)オキシ]−フェノール)
光安定剤B:tinuvin NOR 371FF(BASF製光安定剤)
酸化亜鉛B:ZnO−650(住友大阪セメント株式会社製、平均粒子径;20〜30nm、表面処理なし)
酸化亜鉛C:ZnO−610(住友大阪セメント株式会社製、平均粒子径;25〜50nm、表面処理なし)
酸化亜鉛D:FINEX−50(堺化学工業株式会社製、平均粒子径;20nm、表面処理なし)
酸化亜鉛E:F−2(ハクスイテック株式会社製、平均粒子径;65nm、表面処理なし)
酸化亜鉛F:ZnO−350(住友大阪セメント株式会社製、平均粒子径;10〜30nm、表面処理なし)
得られたチューブ状フィルムの外層表面を、放電電圧120V、放電電流4.7A、ラインスピード10m/minでコロナ放電処理を行い、JIS−K6768による「濡れ指数」を測定し、その値を確認した。
コロイダルシリカと熱可塑性樹脂と架橋剤及び液状分散媒とを配合して防曇剤組成物を得た。
防曇剤組成物配合は以下の配合とした。
無機質コロイドゾル(コロイダルシリカ) 4.0
熱可塑性樹脂(サンモールSW−131) 3.0
架橋剤(T.A.Z.M) 0.1
分散媒(水/エタノール=3/1) 93
(注)無機質コロイドゾルの配合量は、無機質粒子量で示し熱可塑性樹脂の配合量は重合体固形分量で示す。
コロイダルシリカ:日産化学社製スノーテックス30、平均粒子径15mμ
サンモールSW−131:三洋化成社製アクリルエマルジョン
T.A.Z.M:相互薬工社製アジリジン系化合物
(2)で表面処理したフィルムの表面に、上記の防曇剤組成物を#5バーコーターを用いて各々塗布した。塗布したフィルムを80℃のオーブン中に1分間保持して、液状分散媒を揮発させ防曇性塗膜を形成した。得られた各フィルムの塗膜の厚みは約1μmであった。
3層インフレーション成形により得られた積層フィルム(ハウス内層側表面に防曇性塗膜を形成(塗工)後)を、分光光度計(島津製作所製、U−2450型)により測定し、波長555nmにおける直進光線透過率(%)を示した。
555nm直進光線透過率は、初期及び促進試験120時間後の試料について行った。促進試験は次の条件で行った。
(a)60℃、湿度70%の条件下、295〜780nmの波長分布の光を80mW/cm2の照射強度で5時間
(b)30℃、98%(シャワーによる水噴霧あり)の条件下、照射無しで1時間のサイクルで、各記載の時間、負荷試験を実施した
上記で得られたフィルムの外観を目視にて以下の評価基準によって評価した。
◎:酸化亜鉛の凝集が認められない。
○:1mm未満の酸化亜鉛の凝集が僅かに認められる。
△:1〜2mmの酸化亜鉛の凝集が認められる。
×:2mmより大きい酸化亜鉛の凝集が認められる。
実曝試験(白濁)
愛知県愛西市の圃場に構築したトンネルに表3に記載の多層フィルムを密閉状態になるように展張した。1999年10月下旬〜2000年6月下旬の約8ヶ月に渡り展張したフィルムの、波長555nmにおける直進光線透過率を分光光度計(日立製作所製、U3500型)により測定し、その値を示した。
従って、本発明により、展張初期は高い透明性を有するが、展張後経時的に透明性が低下することにより夏場における遮光が可能な農業用フィルムを提供することができる。
Claims (8)
- 酸化亜鉛を含有し、初期の555nmにおける直進光線透過率(%)と、以下の条件の促進試験に120時間曝露した後の555nmにおける直進光線透過率(%)の差が20%以上である農業用フィルム。
(a)60℃、湿度70%の条件下、295〜780nmの波長分布の光を80mW/cm2の照射強度で5時間照射、及び
(b)30℃、湿度98%(シャワーによる水噴霧あり)の条件下、照射無しで1時間のサイクル
を交互に繰り返す。 - 酸化亜鉛をフィルム全体の質量に対して0.25質量%より大きく5.0質量%以下含有する、請求項1に記載の農業用フィルム。
- 少なくとも外層、中間層及び内層を有するポリオレフィン系多層フィルムである、請求項1又は2に記載の農業用フィルム。
- 酸化亜鉛を少なくとも表面層に含有する、請求項3に記載の農業用フィルム。
- 酸化亜鉛の表面層濃度が中間層濃度に対して高い請求項3又は4に記載の農業用フィルム。
- 酸化亜鉛を含有し、初期の555nmにおける直進光線透過率(%)と、展張後の直進光線透過率(%)の差が20%以上である農業用フィルムを使用することを特徴とする栽培方法。
- 酸化亜鉛を含有し、初期の555nmにおける直進光線透過率(%)と、展張後の直進光線透過率(%)の差が20%以上である農業用フィルムを、秋期〜春期に展張し、春〜秋期まで使用することを特徴とする栽培方法。
- 酸化亜鉛を含有し、初期の555nmにおける直進光線透過率(%)と、展張から2月以上経過後における直進光線透過率(%)の差が20%以上である農業用フィルムを、秋期〜春期に展張し、春〜秋期まで使用することを特徴とする栽培方法。
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JPH1084793A (ja) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-04-07 | Toshio Takehara | 農業用温度コントロールシート |
JP3763380B2 (ja) * | 1998-11-11 | 2006-04-05 | みかど化工株式会社 | 作物栽培用被覆フィルム及びその使用方法 |
JP4370419B2 (ja) * | 2004-04-12 | 2009-11-25 | Mkvドリーム株式会社 | 農業用フィルム及び該フィルムを用いた展張方法 |
JP4902266B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-20 | 2012-03-21 | Mkvドリーム株式会社 | 農業用フィルム |
JP2008030473A (ja) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-02-14 | Mkv Platech Co Ltd | 感温性遮光資材 |
JP2009202350A (ja) * | 2008-02-26 | 2009-09-10 | Mkv Dream Co Ltd | 農業用フィルム |
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