JP2007534133A - ニッケル金属水素化物電池の設計 - Google Patents
ニッケル金属水素化物電池の設計 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007534133A JP2007534133A JP2007509476A JP2007509476A JP2007534133A JP 2007534133 A JP2007534133 A JP 2007534133A JP 2007509476 A JP2007509476 A JP 2007509476A JP 2007509476 A JP2007509476 A JP 2007509476A JP 2007534133 A JP2007534133 A JP 2007534133A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- metal hydride
- positive electrode
- negative electrode
- hydride battery
- nickel metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- -1 Nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title description 3
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000943 NiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NCPXQVVMIXIKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium;phosphite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])[O-] NCPXQVVMIXIKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910010277 boron hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 22
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZRUWFKRETRELPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;nickel(2+) Chemical compound N.[Ni+2] ZRUWFKRETRELPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000483 nickel oxide hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018916 CoOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910003310 Ni-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].OOO Chemical compound [Ni].OOO OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003307 Ni-Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2] IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000032953 Device battery issue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005813 NiMH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002640 NiOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001447 compensatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000652 nickel hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Abstract
【選択図】図2
Description
本発明は2004年4月23日に出願された米国仮出願第60/565,170号に関連し、その最初の出願日と優先権を主張するものであり、その開示を本明細書に引用する。
負極半電池における反応は可逆性である。放電すると、貯蔵水素が放出されて水分子を生成し、電導回路を通って電子を電池端子へ解放する。
Ni−MH電池用の正極活性材料としての水酸化ニッケルの使用は公知である。例えばオブシンスキー(Ovshinsky)ら、1996年6月4日発行、題名「アルカリ再充電可能電気化学電池用水酸化ニッケル増強正極材料」の米国特許第5,523,182号参照。その開示を本明細書に引用する。米国特許第5,523,182号では、オブシンスキーらは腐蝕生成物に対する抵抗性と電導率を増加するための水酸化ニッケル正極材料の粒子と、粒子上の実質的に連続で均一な封入剤層の前駆体被覆とを含有する正極材料を記載している。電極の加工中または充電中に酸化されると導電性の高い形に変換可能であり、次いで電極が放電するとその最初の形には戻らない材料から、被覆封入剤層が形成される。電気化学的に活性な水酸化物としては少なくとも水酸化ニッケルが含まれ、被覆封入剤層としては水酸化コバルトまたはオキシ水酸化コバルトが含まれる。
MH+1/4O2 → M+1/2H2O(負極)
しかしながら、電池を正極制御することのみによっては、過充電または過放電に由来する早期の故障を阻止しない。電池の早期故障を生じる他の機構がある。
水素ガスはNi−Al粉末と接触する金属水素化物負極材料中に吸着される。アルミニウムを溶解すると、金属水素化物材料に密着する表面積の大きいニッケル(ラネーニッケル)が後に残る。以下の表Iは、異なったレベルのNi−Al粉末を含む負極中で測定される予備電荷を示すが、予備荷電の割合は320mAh/gの負極容量に基づき計算され、電池は1.5の負極容量/正極容量(n/p)比を有する。室温で電極をKOH電解質中に浸した後20時間に測定を行った。
この反応は通常は触媒の存在下で進行し、金属水素化物合金がこの反応におけるよい触媒である。金属水素化物合金(M)がKBH4を含むアルカリ溶液中に存在すると、水素化硼素により放出された水素と反応し、結局の反応は以下の様に記される:
KBH4+2H2O+8M → 8MH+KBO2
ここでMHは金属水素化物である。化学的に生成される金属水素化物の量は水素化硼素水溶液の量と濃度、および反応時間に依存する。例えば、水素化硼素カリウムをAB5Mm負極と水素化ニッケル正極(AP50)を含むc−電池内に導入した。水素ガスが電池から出てくるのが見られ、負極の電位がHg/HgO参照電極に対して−0.885Vに増加し、この電極の荷電状態が増加していることを示している。予備電荷容量は全負極容量の12%であると測定された。
Claims (25)
- 負極活性材料を有する負極と、
前記負極と電気化学的に結合した正極と、
電解質と、
を有するニッケル金属水素化物電池であって、
前記負極が長サイクル寿命に十分な予備電荷を有することを特徴とする電池。 - 前記正極が正極活性材料、少なくとも1つの正極添加剤および少なくとも1つの正極バインダーを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記正極バインダーが非酸化性バインダーを有することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記正極活性材料が前駆体被覆を有し、前記前駆体被覆がコバルトを含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記正極添加物が2%以下のコバルトを含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記負極が酸化により長サイクル寿命を提供し、導電性を有する負極酸化性添加剤を有し、前記負極酸化性添加剤が電池サイクルにより電解質中に溶出しても無害である成分を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記正極添加剤が主に前記負極中に前記予備電荷を提供することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記予備電荷が前記負活性材料を水素ガスに晒すことによって供給されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記予備電荷が前記負活性材料を化学的な還元反応によって供給されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記化学的な還元反応が前記負極中の十分な量のNiAlを前記電解質と反応させて水素ガス生成する工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記電解質が強い還元剤を有し、前記化学的な還元反応が強い還元剤を有する十分な量の電解質を前記負活性材料と反応させて水素ガスを生成する工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記強い還元剤が水素化硼素ナトリウムおよび水素化硼素カリウムからなる群より選ばれることを特徴とする請求項11に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記強い還元剤が亜燐酸ナトリウムおよび亜燐酸からなる群より選ばれることを特徴とする請求項11に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記負活性材料がアルカリ溶液と反応する元素を有する合金を含み、前記化学な還元反応が前記アルカリ溶液中で前記負活性材料をエッチングする工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記正極バインダーがカルボキシメチルセルロースを含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記正極バインダーが酢酸ポリビニールを含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記正極活性材料がコバルト材料で封入された水酸化ニッケル粒子を有することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記コバルト材料が導電性網状組織を形成することを特徴とする請求項17に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記コバルト材料が水酸化コバルト、オキシ水酸化コバルトおよびその組み合わせからなる群より選ばれる成分を含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記負極酸化性添加剤がニッケル・アルミニウムを含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記正極バインダーがカルボキシメチルセルロースを含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記正極バインダーが酢酸ポリビニールを含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記前駆体被覆が前記予備電荷の小部分を形成することを特徴とする請求項4に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記前駆体被覆がオキシ水酸化コバルトを含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記正極活性材料が正極活性粒子を有し、前記前駆体被覆が前記正極形成前に前記正極活性粒子を被覆封入することを特徴とする請求項4に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
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US56517004P | 2004-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | |
US60/565,170 | 2004-04-23 | ||
PCT/US2005/009613 WO2005109549A2 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-03-22 | Nickel metal hydride battery design |
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JP2007534133A true JP2007534133A (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
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US (1) | US7261970B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1741154A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5205051B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100521309C (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2562708A1 (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2005109549A2 (ja) |
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CA2562708A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
US7261970B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 |
WO2005109549A2 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
MX290707B (es) | 2011-10-04 |
EP1741154A2 (en) | 2007-01-10 |
WO2005109549A3 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
CN1985389A (zh) | 2007-06-20 |
CN100521309C (zh) | 2009-07-29 |
MXPA06012210A (es) | 2007-01-17 |
JP5205051B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
US20050238959A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
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