JP2007526113A - 向流混合反応装置 - Google Patents
向流混合反応装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
したがって、本発明の第1の態様によれば、第1の入口と、出口とを備える、異なる密度の2つ以上の流体を連続的に混合する向流混合反応装置であって、1つ以上のさらなる入口が上記第1の入口に対して直径方向に対向するとともに上記出口内に配置されることを特徴とする、向流混合反応装置が提供される。
まず図2を参照すると、水性流は反応装置の底部に導入され、ここで冷却が、好ましくはヒートシンクによって行われる。この溶液は上向き方向に加圧される。超臨界水は逆方向すなわち下向きに反応装置に導入される。scH2Oは、水性流よりも低密であるため、反応室内で上方に浮き上がり、それにつれて塩水溶液と密に混合することになる。この混合は効率性が高く、その結果、金属酸化物ナノ粒子が生成され、この金属酸化物ナノ粒子は下流で水性流出物と分離され得る。
反応スキーム:
以下の反応を、図4に示すリグ構成に組み込んだ本発明の混合反応装置を用いて行った。
加水分解:Ce(NO3)4+4H2O→Ce(OH)4(s)+4HNO3
脱水:Ce(OH)4→CeO2+2H2O
図5は、反応装置中の硝酸セリウムの流量の増大がもたらす影響を示す。8ml/分までは金属塩の流れが増大するにつれて表面積が増大し(65m2/g〜100m2/gまで)、8ml/分を越えると粒径が小さくなり始める、という興味深い傾向が明らかに見られる。この増大は流速と反応速度論の関係によって生じ、小さくなるのは「過剰な」金属塩が原因で、この結果、より大きな粒子が生成されると考えられる。
反応装置内における動作温度がもたらす影響、及び表面積へのその影響も、関心事の1つである。反応装置を外部から、任意の所与の臨界未満温度、亜臨界温度、又は超臨界温度に加熱することができ、表面積(及び間接的には粒径)と動作温度の関係を確立できる。反応装置内の加熱水用の入口が臨界未満で作動している場合であっても、金属塩と加熱水には温度差が依然としてあり、このため、図2に示すように、入口流の向きが管の下流出口へ上向きに変ることになる。
Claims (31)
- 第1の入口と、出口とを備える、異なる密度の2つ以上の流体を連続的に混合する対流混合反応装置であって、1つ以上のさらなる入口が、前記第1の入口に対して直径方向に対向するとともに前記出口内に配置され、前記流体の少なくとも1つは、臨界未満状態、亜臨界(near critical)状態、又は超臨界状態であることを特徴とする、対流混合反応装置。
- 第1の入口と、出口とを備え、さらなる入口が該第1の入口に対して直径方向に対向するとともに前記出口内に配置されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の混合反応装置。
- 縦構成で配置されることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の混合反応装置。
- 前記流体の少なくとも1つは、加熱水、加圧水、又は超臨界水であることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし3のいずれか一項に記載の混合反応装置。
- 低密度の前記流体は、前記出口付近でヒータを用いて高温に保たれることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の混合反応装置。
- 前記流体の少なくとも1つは、金属塩又は化合物の溶液であることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし5のいずれか一項に記載の混合反応装置。
- 前記流体の少なくとも1つは、金属塩又は化合物の水溶液であることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の混合反応装置。
- 前記水溶液は、ルテニウム、カドミウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、鉄、セリウム、チタン、ジルコニウム、銅、及び銀を含む遷移金属から選択される金属の金属塩水溶液であることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の混合反応装置。
- 高密度の前記流体は、低密度の前記流体よりも低温であることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし8のいずれか一項に記載の混合反応装置。
- 高密度の前記流体はヒートシンクを用いて冷却されることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の混合反応装置。
- 前記1つ以上のさらなる入口は、成形ノズル、例えば円錐型漏斗を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1ないし10のいずれか一項に記載の混合反応装置。
- 直列に配置される、請求項1ないし11のいずれか一項に記載の1つ以上の混合反応装置を備えることを特徴とする、混合室。
- 請求項1ないし11のいずれか一項に記載の混合反応装置の第1の入口を介しての金属塩溶液の送出、及び該第1の入口に対して直径方向に対向するさらなる入口を介しての臨界未満状態、亜臨界状態、又は超臨界状態にある流体の送出を含み、混合されると該混合された溶液が前記反応装置から出るように前記さらなる入口が出口内に配置されることを特徴とする、金属ナノ粒子又は金属酸化物ナノ粒子を調製するプロセス。
- 金属塩水溶液との超臨界水の溶液の混合を含む、金属ナノ粒子又は金属酸化物ナノ粒子を調製するプロセスであって、前記金属塩水溶液は混合前に冷却されることを特徴とする、プロセス。
- 請求項13又は14に記載のプロセスによって得ることが可能な金属ナノ粒子又は金属酸化物ナノ粒子。
- 低密度流体用の下向き出口と、使用中の高密度流体の上向きの流れを引き起こすようになっている高密度流体用の入口とを有する、異なる密度の2つの流体を混合することが可能な装置であって、低密度流体が高密度流体の上向きの流れに対して下向きに該装置に導入可能であるような配置とされている、装置。
- 前記低密度流体用の入口は、前記流体の混合に役立つ円錐型ノズルを有することを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記2つの溶液のうち高密度の溶液は、前記反応装置への導入前に冷却されることを特徴とする、請求項16又は17に記載の装置。
- 請求項16ないし18のいずれか一項に記載の2つ以上の装置が直列に用いられることを特徴とする、流体混合装置(apparatus)。
- 前記混合が前記装置内で行われるように異なる密度の2つの流体を混合するための、請求項1ないし19のいずれか一項に記載の装置の使用。
- 一方又は双方の流体は亜臨界状態又は超臨界状態にある、請求項20に記載の使用。
- 前記流体の一方は亜臨界状態又は超臨界状態にあることを特徴とする、請求項20又は21に記載の使用。
- 前記流体の一方は塩水溶液であることを特徴とする、請求項20ないし22のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 請求項16ないし19のいずれか一項に記載の装置は、金属ナノ粒子の合成に用いられることを特徴とする、請求項20ないし23のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 請求項16ないし19のいずれか一項に記載の装置は、ナノ粒子酸化セリウムを生成するのに用いられることを特徴とする、請求項24に記載の使用。
- 請求項16ないし19のいずれか一項に記載の装置は、ナノ粒子酸化チタンを生成するのに用いられることを特徴とする、請求項24に記載の使用。
- 請求項16ないし19のいずれか一項に記載の装置は、ナノ粒子酸化ジルコニウムを生成するのに用いられることを特徴とする、請求項24に記載の使用。
- 請求項16ないし19のいずれか一項に記載の装置は、ナノ粒子酸化銅を生成するのに用いられることを特徴とする、請求項24に記載の使用。
- 請求項16ないし19のいずれか一項に記載の装置は、ナノ粒子酸化銀を生成するのに用いられることを特徴とする、請求項24に記載の使用。
- 請求項16ないし19のいずれか一項に記載の装置は、混合された金属酸化物、特に混合された酸化銅又は酸化亜鉛を生成するのに用いられることを特徴とする、請求項24に記載の使用。
- 異なる密度の2つ以上の流体を連続的に混合するプロセスであって、第1の流れ方向に第1の流体を送出すること、前記第1の流れ方向に対して直径方向に対向する第2の流れ方向に1つ以上のさらなる流体を送出して該流体を混合領域で混合させることを含み、該混合された流体は、該流体のうち1つの流体の流れによって前記混合領域から運び去られ、前記流体の少なくとも1つは、臨界未満状態、亜臨界状態、又は超臨界状態にあることを特徴とするプロセス。
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GBGB0402963.3A GB0402963D0 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2004-02-11 | Counter current mixing device for two different fluids |
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PCT/GB2005/000483 WO2005077505A2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2005-02-11 | Counter current mixing reactor |
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CN (2) | CN103831074B (ja) |
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CA (1) | CA2597480C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602005014740D1 (ja) |
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JP2021529876A (ja) * | 2018-07-05 | 2021-11-04 | サン・ケミカル・ベスローテン・ヴェンノーツハップ | 表面酸化カーボンブラックナノ粒子及びそれを含む分散液を提供する方法 |
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CA2597480A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
KR20070001999A (ko) | 2007-01-04 |
DK1713569T3 (da) | 2009-10-12 |
US7566436B2 (en) | 2009-07-28 |
WO2005077505A3 (en) | 2005-11-10 |
AU2005211990B2 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
AU2005211990A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
ATE432761T1 (de) | 2009-06-15 |
ES2327755T3 (es) | 2009-11-03 |
EP1713569B1 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
CN103831074A (zh) | 2014-06-04 |
US20070206435A1 (en) | 2007-09-06 |
EP1713569A2 (en) | 2006-10-25 |
CN103831074B (zh) | 2019-10-25 |
GB0402963D0 (en) | 2004-03-17 |
KR101153043B1 (ko) | 2012-06-04 |
WO2005077505A2 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
JP5084266B2 (ja) | 2012-11-28 |
CN1917936A (zh) | 2007-02-21 |
CA2597480C (en) | 2012-08-07 |
DE602005014740D1 (de) | 2009-07-16 |
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