JP2007525593A - 光電気化学装置及び電極 - Google Patents
光電気化学装置及び電極 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】 図1
Description
本発明は水の太陽光電解により水素を製造する光電気化学(PEC)装置に関する。
発明の背景
水素を製造する現行の主な方法はメタンの水蒸気改質によるものである。水素を作る別の手段は水の電解によるものである。電解に必要な電気は主として電力グリッドから得られ、グリッド電流の主な源である化石燃料の燃焼は二酸化炭素と同様に窒素酸化物類及び粒状物質等の放出物を発生する。このような放出物を取り除く一つの方法は太陽発電気を用いて水を電解して水素を作ることである。現在、この水素製造方法の効率、耐久性及び費用の改良に努力が向けられている。
発明の概要
一側面において、本発明は電解による水の分割に用いられる光電気化学電極すなわち光電極を提供する。該光電極は電解質溶液と接触する導電性の表面を有する。この表面はドープした酸化スズ層であり、該光電気化学電極の半導体太陽電池物質に電気的に接触している。このような半導体太陽電池は好ましくは3重接合無定形ケイ素(a-Si)太陽電池である。電解質溶液類は腐食と溶解によりいくつかの金属類及び金属酸化物類を含む多くの種類の表面類を積極的に攻撃する。該ドープしたスズ酸化物層はこの電解質溶液による積極的な攻撃に関して堅牢である。このドープしたスズ酸化物物質は透明導電性酸化物(TCO)であるので、それは導電性で且つ透明である。このドープしたスズ酸化物は好ましくはフッ素でドープしたスズ酸化物(SnO2:F)である。
好ましい態様の詳細な記載
以下の好ましい態様の説明は実際は単に例示的なものであって本発明、その応用または使用を限定する意図は断じてない。
2H2O + 2e- → H2 + 2OH-
該アルカリ性電解質中での光アノードである該電極での反応は次のものである。
該電解質が酸性である場合、該光アノード及び該対電極での反応はアルカリ性の場合とは異なる。例えばそのカソード反応は次のものである。
アノード反応は次のものである。
2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e-
酸性または塩基性の条件においてH2はカソード(還元が起こる電極)で生成され、そしてO2はアノード(酸化が起こる電極)で生成されることに注意されたい。
更に別の変形において、図5の光電気化学電極102は透明支持体101上に適用されたドープしたスズ酸化物被覆107を有し、この透明支持体101は好ましくはその全ての側面が被覆されており、それにより該ITO被覆104からドープしたスズ酸化物被覆107へ、そしてそれを貫通して該電解質溶液16と接触する被覆107の該露出表面109への導電路が提供される。このように、導電性または反射防止性が望まれる全ての側面が被覆されている。図3における配置と同様にこの配置において、図2で要求された該導電性金属エポキシ封止材を省き得ることが分かる。
本発明の電気化学装置の攻撃的塩基性環境等の応用に用いることができる導電性及び非導電性エポキシ系の双方が存在する。非導電性である一つのこのような化学的に耐性のエポキシ系は、ロードアイランドのクランストンの Epoxies, Etc.から入手可能であり、そして20-3004 HV(高粘度)の記載の下で種々の支持体に対して良好な結合能を有する2成分系の化学的に耐性のエポキシ系である。
Claims (30)
- 導電性支持体と接触する第1主表面及び透明導電性金属酸化物(TCO)層と接触する第2主表面を有する半導体層と前記第2主表面に隣接する透明導電性のドープしたスズ酸化物(SnO2)層とを含有し、前記ドープしたSnO2層が前記TCO層と電気的に接触して配置されている光電極。
- 前記ドープしたSnO2層 が本質的にフッ素でドープしたスズ酸化物(SnO2:F)からなる、請求項1の光電極。
- 前記ドープしたSnO2層と前記TCO層とは互いに間隔を置いて配置されており、そして導電性物質が前記ドープしたSnO2層と前記TCO層との双方に接触するように配置されてそれらの間で電気的接触を提供する、請求項1の光電極。
- 前記導電性物質が導電性金属-エポキシ封止材を含有する、請求項3の光電極。
- 不浸透性の絶縁物質が前記導電性物質上に横たわる、請求項3の光電極。
- 前記ドープしたSnO2層が直接前記TCO層上に横たわり、それにより前記導電性接触を提供する、請求項1の光電極。
- 前記ドープしたSnO2層は前記TCO層とともに広範囲にわたる、請求項1の光電極。
- 前記ドープしたSnO2層が非導電性透明支持体上に配置され、そして前記非導電性透明支持体が前記TCO層と前記ドープしたSnO2層との間に配置される、請求項1の光電極。
- 導電性物質が前記透明支持体の周辺表面上に配置され且つ前記TOC層及びドープしたSnO2層と接触している、請求項8の光電極。
- 不浸透性の絶縁物質が前記導電性支持体、半導体及びTCO層の周辺表面上に横たわる、請求項1の光電極。
- 前記導電性支持体は前記半導体から離れて面している表面を有し、そして不浸透性の絶縁物質が前記離れて面している表面の上に横たわる、請求項1の光電極。
- 前記ドープしたSnO2層は前記TCOに面している第1主表面と前記第1主表面の反対の第2主表面を有する透明支持体、前記透明支持体の前記主表面間の厚みにより規定される周辺表面、前記透明支持体の両主表面上及び前記透明支持体の前記第1及び第2主表面間の前記周辺表面の少なくとも一部分上に被覆されたドープしたSnO2を含有し、それにより前記TCO層とドープしたSnO2層との間に前記導電接触を提供する、請求項1の光電極。
- 前記半導体層が光起電無定形ケイ素3重接合物質を含有する、請求項1の光電極。
- 前記光電極が、順次、ステンレス鋼/銀/酸化亜鉛を含有する前記導電性支持体とn-i-pを含有し、前記n-型層が前記酸化亜鉛に面しており、そして前記p-型層が前記TCOに面している半導体とを含有する、請求項13の光電極。
- 前記TCO層が本質的にインジウム-スズ酸化物(ITO)からなる、請求項1の光電極。
- 光アノードである、請求項1の光電極。
- 前記金属-エポキシ封止材の前記金属が銀、ニッケル、白金、ルテニウム、イリジウム、鉄、鉄酸化物及びそれらの合金及びそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される、請求項3の光電極。
- 導電性支持体と接触する第1主表面と透明な導電性のドープしたスズ酸化物(SnO2)層と接触する第2主表面を有する半導体層を含有する光電極であって、前記半導体層が光起電無定形ケイ素n-i-p物質であって、前記n-i-pのpと接触する前記ドープしたスズ酸化物(SnO2)層を有する、光電極。
- 前記ドープしたSnO2層が本質的にフッ素でドープしたスズ酸化物(SnO2:F)からなる、請求項18の光電極。
- 前記半導体層が無定形ケイ素nip/nip/nip 3重接合物質を含有する、請求項18の光電極。
- 前記光電極が、順次、ステンレス鋼/銀/酸化亜鉛を含有する前記導電性支持体とn-i-pを含有し、前記n-型層が前記酸化亜鉛に面しており、そして前記p-型層が前記TCOに面している前記半導体とを含有する、請求項18の光電極。
- 光電極、対電極及び電解質溶液を内蔵する容器であって、前記光電極及び前記対電極は該容器中で互いに離されて配置され且つ各々が前記電解質溶液と接触している容器;導電性支持体と接触する第1主表面と第1導電層で被覆された第2主表面を有する半導体層であって、前記第1導電性層が透明な反射防止性の導電性である第1金属酸化物を含有する半導体層と透明で導電性の第2金属酸化物を含有する第2導電層であって、前記第2主表面に隣接し、前記第1導電層と電気的に接触して配置され且つ前記第1導電層よりも塩基性溶液中でより安定である第2導電層を含有する光電極を含有し;前記対電極は金属を含有し;前記溶液は水を含有する溶媒と塩基を含有する溶質を含有し;そして前記光電極と前記対電極との間の導電路を含有する水の電解により水素を生成するための光電気化学装置。
- 前記対電極の前記金属が塩基性溶液中で安定であり、そして水素発生反応に対して低い過電圧を有する 、請求項22の光電気化学装置。
- 導電性支持体と接触する第1主表面と第1導電性層で被覆された第2主表面を有する半導体層であって、前記第1導電性層が透明な反射防止性の導電性である第1金属酸化物を含有する半導体層;透明な導電性の第2金属酸化物を含有する第2導電層であって、前記第2主表面に隣接し、前記第1導電層と電気的に接触して配置され且つ前記第1導電層よりも塩基性溶液中でより安定である第2導電層を含有する光電極。
- 前記第1導電層が本質的にインジウム-スズ酸化物(ITO)からなる、請求項24の光電極。
- 前記第2導電層がフッ素でドープしたスズ酸化物(SnO2:F)を含有する、請求項24の光電極。
- 導電性支持体と接触する第1主表面及び透明導電性金属酸化物(TCO)層と接触する第2主表面を有する半導体であって、前記半導体層の前記主表面間の厚みにより規定される周辺表面を有する半導体層;前記半導体層の前記周辺表面の少なくとも一部分と接触し且つ前記ITO層と接触する導電性物質;及び前記TCO層に隣接する透明絶縁層を含有する光電極。
- 前記絶縁透明層が前記TCO層から間隔を置いて配置され、それによりギャップを形成し、かつ前記導電性物質が前記ギャップの一部分を満たす、請求項27の光電極。
- 前記導電性物質が該半導体層の前記周辺表面上に横たわり且つ前記透明層に面している前記TCO層の主表面の少なくとも一部分上に横たわる、請求項28の光電極。
- 前記TCO層が前記透明層に面している主表面を有し且つ周辺表面を有し、そして前記導電性物質が前記TCO層の前記周辺表面と前記主表面との少なくとも一部分上に横たわる、請求項27の光電極。
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JP2014189882A (ja) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-06 | Fujifilm Corp | ガス製造装置 |
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JP2017101288A (ja) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-06-08 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 半導体光電極 |
JP2019036598A (ja) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-03-07 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体素子およびその製造方法 |
KR20220144973A (ko) * | 2021-04-21 | 2022-10-28 | 한국광기술원 | 효율이 향상된 광전기화학전지 및 그를 포함하는 수소 발생장치 |
KR102622618B1 (ko) * | 2021-04-21 | 2024-01-09 | 한국광기술원 | 효율이 향상된 광전기화학전지 및 그를 포함하는 수소 발생장치 |
WO2022254618A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-12-08 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 酸化還元反応装置 |
WO2022254617A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-12-08 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 酸化還元反応装置 |
Also Published As
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KR100815627B1 (ko) | 2008-03-21 |
CN1849413A (zh) | 2006-10-18 |
EP1639627A4 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
WO2005006391A3 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
KR20060058774A (ko) | 2006-05-30 |
US20040262154A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 |
JP4510015B2 (ja) | 2010-07-21 |
EP1639627A2 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
CN1849413B (zh) | 2011-05-18 |
WO2005006391A2 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
US7052587B2 (en) | 2006-05-30 |
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