JP2007511892A - 緩和シリコンゲルマニウム層のエピタキシャル成長 - Google Patents
緩和シリコンゲルマニウム層のエピタキシャル成長 Download PDFInfo
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- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
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- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012686 silicon precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001534 heteroepitaxy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VEDJZFSRVVQBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH2][SiH3] VEDJZFSRVVQBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000038 ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000089 atomic force micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH3] PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233805 Phoenix Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH2]Cl MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012705 liquid precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、一般に、化学気相成長法でのシリコンゲルマニウム層の形成に関し、そしてより詳細には、緩和(relaxed)シリコンゲルマニウム層のエピタキシャル成長に関する。
緩和した(relaxed)半導体材料と比較して、ストレインド(strained)半導体材料は有利に改善された電気的キャリア移動特性を提供し、それにより、半導体回路が作動し得る速度を増加させる。半導体層が「歪んでいる(strained)」とは、それが、少なくとも二つのディメンションにおいて、下地単結晶基板の格子構造と同じであるが、その固有の格子定数とは異なる格子構造を有するよう強いられている場合を言う。堆積された膜中の原子が、整合した(matching)格子構造を有する下地構造上にその材料が堆積される場合に通常占める位置を離れるので、格子歪みが生じる。堆積層における歪みの程度は、堆積層の厚さ、及び堆積される材料と下地構造との間の格子不整合の程度を含むいくつかの要因に関係する。
本発明の1つの実施形態において、緩和シリコンゲルマニウム構造は、約1Torrより大きな操作圧力での化学気相成長法を用いて生成されたシリコンバッファ層を含む。緩和シリコンゲルマニウム構造は、シリコンバッファ層上に堆積されたシリコンゲルマニウム層をさらに含む。シリコンゲルマニウム層は、1平方センチメートル当り約107未満の貫通転位を有する。
本明細書中で用いられる場合、用語「単結晶」及び「エピタキシャル」は、大部分が結晶の構造(その中に許容され得る数の欠陥を有していてもよい)を記載するために用いられる。層の結晶度は、一般的に、アモルファスから多結晶そして単結晶へと連続的であり、従って、結晶構造は、しばしば、低密度の欠陥にもかかわらず単結晶またはエピタキシャルであると考えられる。用語「エピタキシー」とは、堆積層が下地層の結晶構造の延長として挙動する堆積を示す。「ヘテロエピタキシー」は、下地層と上部の堆積層とが異なる材料である、1種のエピタキシーである。
前述の詳細な説明は、本発明のいくつかの実施形態を開示するが、この開示が例示的なものでしかなく、本発明を限定しないことが理解されるべきである。開示された特定の構成及びオペレーションが、上記のものと異なり得ること、ならびに本明細書中に記載された方法が、エピタキシャリーに成長した緩和シリコンゲルマニウム層以外の文脈において用いられ得ることは理解されるべきである。
Claims (27)
- 以下を含む緩和(relaxed)シリコンゲルマニウム構造:
約1Torrより高い操作圧力での化学気相成長法を用いて製造されたシリコンバッファ層;及び
該シリコンバッファ層上に堆積されたシリコンゲルマニウム層(該シリコンゲルマニウム層は1平方センチメートル当たり約107未満の貫通転位を有する)。 - 前記シリコンゲルマニウム層がクロスハッチフリー(crosshatch free)層である、請求項1に記載の緩和シリコンゲルマニウム構造。
- 前記バッファ層が約2nm未満の厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の緩和シリコンゲルマニウム構造。
- 前記バッファ層が約1nm〜約2nmの間の厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の緩和シリコンゲルマニウム構造。
- 前記シリコンゲルマニウム層が約2nm rms未満の表面粗さを有する、請求項1に記載の緩和シリコンゲルマニウム構造。
- 前記シリコンゲルマニウム層が約1.5nm rms未満の表面粗さを有する、請求項1に記載の緩和シリコンゲルマニウム構造。
- 前記シリコンゲルマニウム層の上に直接重なるストレインド(strained)シリコン層をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の緩和シリコンゲルマニウム構造。
- 以下を含む方法:
約1torrより高い操作圧力での化学気相成長法を用いて第一のシリコン含有層をエピタキシャリーに堆積すること(該第一層が多数の点欠陥を有する);及び
該第一層上に第二のシリコン含有層をヘテロエピタキシャリーに堆積すること(該第二シリコン含有層が1平方センチメートル当り約107未満の貫通転位を有する)。 - 前記第二シリコン含有層にクロスハッチフリー表面トポロジーを付与するように、プロセスパラメータを調整することをさらに含み、ここで、該プロセスパラメータが、キャリアフローレート、第一シリコン含有層堆積速度、第一シリコン含有層堆積温度、及び第一シリコン含有層点欠陥密度からなる群より選択される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第二シリコン含有層がクロスハッチフリー層である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記第二層にクロスハッチフリー表面トポロジーを付与するようにプロセスパラメータを調整することをさらに含み、ここで、該プロセスパラメータが、キャリアフローレート、第一層堆積速度及び第一層堆積温度からなる群より選択される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第二層がクロスハッチフリー層である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第一層が約500℃より高い温度で堆積される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第一層が約550℃〜約700℃の間の温度で堆積される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第一層が約600℃〜約700℃の間の温度で堆積される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第一層の堆積が、化学気相成長チャンバに、シリコン前駆物質を、約200sccm〜約300sccmの間で提供することを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第一層の堆積が、化学気相成長チャンバに、気化した液体シリコン前駆物質を提供することを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記化学気相成長法が、シングルウエハチャンバにおいて実施され、そして前記第一層の堆積が、該チャンバに、約50sccmより多いシリコン前駆物質を提供することを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第一シリコン含有層が約0.2nm min−1未満の速度で堆積される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第一シリコン含有層が約5.0nm min−1〜約10.0nm min−1の間の速度で堆積される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第一シリコン含有層が、約7.0nm min−1〜約8.0nm min−1の間の堆積速度で堆積される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第一シリコン含有層がシリコンバッファ層を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第二シリコン含有層がシリコンゲルマニウム層を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- ストレインドである第三シリコン含有層をさらに含有し、該第三シリコン含有層が前記第二シリコン含有層上に直接重なる、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第二及び第三シリコン含有層が、シングルプロセスチャンバ内でインサイチュで連続的に形成される、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記第一、第二及び第三シリコン含有層がシングルプロセスチャンバ内でインサイチュで連続的に形成される、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記第一及び第二シリコン含有層がシングルプロセスチャンバ内でインサイチュで連続的に形成される、請求項8に記載の方法。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US49102903P | 2003-07-30 | 2003-07-30 | |
PCT/US2004/023503 WO2005013326A2 (en) | 2003-07-30 | 2004-07-21 | Epitaxial growth of relaxed silicon germanium layers |
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JP2007511892A true JP2007511892A (ja) | 2007-05-10 |
JP2007511892A5 JP2007511892A5 (ja) | 2007-08-09 |
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US (2) | US7514372B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1649495A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2007511892A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20060039915A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI382456B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005013326A2 (ja) |
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US7531828B2 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2009-05-12 | Mears Technologies, Inc. | Semiconductor device including a strained superlattice between at least one pair of spaced apart stress regions |
US20070015344A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2007-01-18 | Rj Mears, Llc | Method for Making a Semiconductor Device Including a Strained Superlattice Between at Least One Pair of Spaced Apart Stress Regions |
US20070020833A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2007-01-25 | Rj Mears, Llc | Method for Making a Semiconductor Device Including a Channel with a Non-Semiconductor Layer Monolayer |
US7598515B2 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2009-10-06 | Mears Technologies, Inc. | Semiconductor device including a strained superlattice and overlying stress layer and related methods |
US7612366B2 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2009-11-03 | Mears Technologies, Inc. | Semiconductor device including a strained superlattice layer above a stress layer |
US20070020860A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2007-01-25 | Rj Mears, Llc | Method for Making Semiconductor Device Including a Strained Superlattice and Overlying Stress Layer and Related Methods |
US20070010040A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2007-01-11 | Rj Mears, Llc | Method for Making a Semiconductor Device Including a Strained Superlattice Layer Above a Stress Layer |
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