JP2006520525A - リチウムイオン・カソード材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン・カソード材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 84
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910021314 NaFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003991 Rietveld refinement Methods 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000385 transition metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003266 NiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IDLFZVILOHSSID-OVLDLUHVSA-N corticotropin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IDLFZVILOHSSID-OVLDLUHVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- LRJNNJLCNGFADW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl carbonate;1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1.CCOC(=O)OCC LRJNNJLCNGFADW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1228—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. LiMnO2, Li[MxMn1-x]O2
-
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Cobaltates
- C01G51/42—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
- C01G51/44—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese
- C01G51/50—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(CoxMn1-x)O2, Li(MyCoxMn1-x-y)O2
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2003年3月14日出願の米国仮出願第60/454,884号および2004年1月13日出願の米国特許出願第10/757,645号の優先権を主張するものである。
ThD(g/ml)= [1024(MW)(N)]/[(CV)(NA)]
式中、1024は、1ミリリットルあたりの立方オングストロームの数であり、MWは、モルあたりのグラムで表した化合物の分子量であり、Nは、1単位格子あたりの分子単位の数であり、CVは、単位格子あたりの立方オングストロームで表した単位格子の体積であり、NAは、アボガドロ数(1モルあたり6.023×1023分子単位)である。単位格子は、結晶構造の反復する小さい物理単位である。構造の型および格子定数は、それらはともに単位格子体積を与えるが、X線回折によって決定することができる。本材料がα−NaFeO2型構造を有するので、格子体積は、格子定数aおよびcから以下のように算出することができる:
CV=(a2)(c)(cos(30°))
RVE=(DSC1)(VaveD)(ED)(DSC1/CSC1)。
LiOH・H2O(98%+、アルドリッチ・ケミカル社(Aldrich Chemical Co.)、ウィスコンシン州ミルウォーキー(Milwaukee))、
CoSO4・7H2O(99%+、イリノイ州ハイランド(Highland)のシグマ−アルドリッチ社(Sigma−Aldrich Co.))、
NiSO4・6H2O(98%、アルファ・エイザール(Alfa Aesar)、マサチューセッツ州ワードヒル(Ward Hill))、および
MnSO4・H2O(フィッシャー・サイエンティフィック(Fisher Scientific)、ニューハンプシャー州ハンプトン(Hampton))。
明示してない場合、化学物質は、アルドリッチ・ケミカル社(ウィスコンシン州ミルウォーキー)から得た。全ての百分率は重量による。
Claims (20)
- Liy[NixCo1-2xMnx]O2(式中、0.025≦x≦0.45および0.9≦y≦1.3)を製造する方法であって、
[NixCo1-2xMnx]OH2を、LiOHまたはLi2CO3、並びに、焼結剤としてアルカリ金属フッ化物およびホウ素化合物の一方または両方と混合するステップと、
得られた混合物を、リチウムイオン電池に使用するのに十分に緻密なLiy[NixCo1-2xMnx]O2の組成物が得られるまで加熱するステップと、
を含む方法。 - 前記得られた混合物が、少なくとも約900℃に加熱される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記得られた混合物が、少なくとも約3時間加熱される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記得られた混合物が、少なくとも約6時間加熱される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記混合される焼結剤の量が、前記得られた混合物の約0.1〜約5.0重量パーセントである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記混合される焼結剤の量が、前記得られた混合物の約0.2〜約3.0重量パーセントの範囲である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記得られた混合物が、約3時間加熱される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記混合される焼結剤の量が、前記得られた混合物の約10重量パーセント未満である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記得られた緻密な組成物が、Wh/Lで評価して少なくとも約[1833−333x](0.025≦x≦0.45)の可逆体積エネルギーを示す、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記得られた緻密な組成物のペレット密度が、理論上の密度の少なくとも約72パーセントである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記得られた緻密な組成物が、約3.3〜約4.0g/cm3の範囲のペレット密度を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記焼結剤が、アルカリ金属フッ化物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記焼結剤が、LiFである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記焼結剤が、ホウ素の化合物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記焼結剤が、酸化ホウ素、ホウ酸、およびホウ酸リチウムからなる群から選択される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法によって製造され、かつ、Wh/Lで評価して式[1833−333x](0.025≦x≦0.45)によって特徴付けられる最小可逆体積エネルギーを示すリチウム遷移金属酸化物組成物。
- 一般式Liy[NixCo1-2xMnx]O2(式中、0.025≦=x≦0.45および0.9≦y≦1.3)を有し、かつ、Wh/Lで評価して式[1833−333x]によって特徴付けられる最小可逆体積エネルギーを示す、リチウムイオン電池に使用するリチウム遷移金属酸化物。
- 理論上の密度の少なくとも約72%のペレット密度を示す、請求項16に記載のリチウム遷移金属酸化物。
- 理論上の密度の少なくとも約72%のペレット密度を示す、請求項17に記載のリチウム遷移金属酸化物。
- 約1500〜約2200Wh/Lの範囲の可逆体積エネルギーを有するリチウムイオン電池電極の形成に用いられる、請求項19に記載のリチウム遷移金属酸化物。
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US10/757,645 | 2004-01-13 | ||
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CN1778003B (zh) | 2011-10-05 |
EP1604416A2 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
CN1778003A (zh) | 2006-05-24 |
WO2004084330A3 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
WO2004084330A2 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
US20040179993A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
JP4847317B2 (ja) | 2011-12-28 |
US20090230349A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
KR20050111764A (ko) | 2005-11-28 |
US7556655B2 (en) | 2009-07-07 |
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