JP2006518276A - 層状触媒複合体およびその使用方法 - Google Patents
層状触媒複合体およびその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2006518276A JP2006518276A JP2006502880A JP2006502880A JP2006518276A JP 2006518276 A JP2006518276 A JP 2006518276A JP 2006502880 A JP2006502880 A JP 2006502880A JP 2006502880 A JP2006502880 A JP 2006502880A JP 2006518276 A JP2006518276 A JP 2006518276A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst composite
- alumina
- catalyst
- support
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 71
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- LYTNHSCLZRMKON-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+);diacetate Chemical compound [O-2].[Zr+4].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O LYTNHSCLZRMKON-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 2
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEHRHMRHPUNLIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;hydroxy-[hydroxy(oxo)silyl]oxy-oxosilane;lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Al].O[Si](=O)O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](=O)O[Si](O)=O HEHRHMRHPUNLIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052670 petalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003058 platinum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NFOHLBHARAZXFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum(2+);dihydroxide Chemical compound O[Pt]O NFOHLBHARAZXFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/085—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
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Abstract
Description
発明の詳細な説明
自動車排ガスの制御で用いるに有用な本発明の層状触媒複合体は、
(a)基質
(b)下部表面(この下部表面は前記基質に隣接して位置しかつそれと接触している)と上部表面を有する少なくとも1層の下部層{この下部層は支持体[これの上に(i)少なくとも1種の貴金属および(ii)約0.3から約1.5g/立方インチの量で存在する少なくとも1種のNOx貯蔵成分が位置する]を含んで成る}、および
(c)下部表面(この下部表面は前記下部層の上部表面に隣接して位置しかつそれと接触している)と上部表面を有する少なくとも1層の上部層{この上部層は支持体[これの上に(i)少なくとも1種の貴金属および(ii)0.0から約0.3g/立方インチ未満の量で存在する少なくとも1種のNOx貯蔵成分が位置する]を含んで成る}、
を含んで成る。
触媒1は、下記の様式で調製した2層触媒複合体である。基質はコーディエライトであった。下部層を75g/立方フィートの白金、0.42g/立方インチのBaO、0.05g/立方インチのZrO2および1.83g/立方インチの支持体(TiO2被覆Al2O3で構成)で構成させた。前記支持体は、Al2O3の表面に10重量%の量のTiO2を化学蒸着させることで調製した支持体であった。この支持体材料に白金アミン塩を所望装填率が達成されるように染み込ませた。次に、この粉末に粉砕を水の存在下で粒子の90%が10ミクロメートル未満の粒径(即ちd90<10μ)を示すようになるように受けさせることで、結果として高固体量のスラリーを得た。この粉砕過程中にまた酢酸バリウムおよび酢酸ジルコニルも水に溶解させて粉砕過程中に添加した。
触媒2
触媒2は単層触媒複合体である、即ちコーディエライト基質に付着させた層は1層のみであった。この単一層の調製をこの上に触媒1用の層に関して記述した様式と同じ様式で実施した。この単一層を150g/立方フィートの白金、0.40g/立方インチのBaO、0.2g/立方インチのFe2O3および2.4g/立方インチのAl2O3支持体で構成させた。硝酸鉄、酢酸バリウムおよび白金アミン塩を用いてそれらを前記支持体に逐次的に染み込ませることで複合体の調製を行った。
触媒1および2に関する希薄老化条件
触媒1および2を空気/蒸気(10%蒸気)の流れに700℃の入り口温度で1時間当たりの気体空間速度を30,000時−1にして4時間接触させることで、これらの触媒に関する希薄老化(lean aging)を実施した。
触媒1および2に関する希薄/濃厚循環老化条件
希薄供給材料と濃厚供給材料(rich feeds)を交互に用いて触媒1および2に関する希薄/濃厚循環老化を700℃の入り口温度で1時間当たりの気体空間速度を30,000時−1にして4時間実施した。前記希薄供給材料を500ppmのNO、10%のH2Oおよび80%のN2で構成させた。前記濃厚供給材料を4%のCO、0.5%のC1(C3H6として)、1%のO2、10%のH2Oおよび84.5%のN2で構成させた。
触媒1および2に関する触媒性能試験プロトコール
この上に記述した希薄供給材料および濃厚供給材料を用いて、希薄供給材料と濃厚供給材料を交互に供給、典型的には50秒間の希薄期間と5秒間の濃厚期間を交互に設けて供給することで、性能試験を実施した。これらの触媒に評価を200、250、300、350および450℃の温度で受けさせた。性能が所定温度で安定になった時点でデータを10分間に渡って集めた。当該触媒の下流のNOx濃度をこの触媒の上流の濃度と比較した。NOx濃度の相対的消失(パーセントで表す)を1/秒の割合でデータ収集期間全体に渡って計算した。次に、瞬時NOx転化率の平均を取って触媒入り口温度に対してプロットすることで、図1に示すグラフを得た。
触媒3
支持体をアルミナの上を覆っている二酸化チタンではなくガンマ−アルミナにする以外は触媒1の様式と同様な様式で触媒3の調製を行った。
触媒4
触媒4の調製を下記の様式で実施した。基質はコーディエライトであった。前記コーディエライトの上に位置させる下部層を75g/立方フィートの白金、0.42g/立方インチのBaO、0.13g/立方インチのFe2O3、1g/立方インチのAl2O3支持体および0.05g/立方インチのZrO2で構成させた。最初に、アルミナである支持体に硝酸鉄の水溶性を染み込ませた後、焼成を450℃で1時間受けさせた。次に、その結果として得た粉末に酢酸バリウムの水溶液を0.27g/立方インチのBaOが達成されるまで染み込ませた後、さらなる焼成を450℃で1時間受けさせた。次に、その結果として得た粉末に白金アミン塩を湿り開始(incipient wetness)が達成されるまで染み込ませた。次に、この粉末に粉砕を水の存在下で粒子の90%が10ミクロメートル未満の粒径(即ちd90<10μ)を示すようになるように受けさせることで、結果として高固体量のスラリーを得た。この粉砕過程中に酢酸ジルコニルを水に溶解させて粉砕過程中に添加した。次に、その結果として得たスラリーで前記コーディエライトを被覆した後、その被覆コーディエライトを酢酸バリウム溶液の中に後浸漬することで追加的0.15g/立方インチのBaOを達成した。次に、その結果として得たコーディエライトを110℃で約1時間乾燥させた。その後、その乾燥させた被覆基質を450℃で1時間加熱することで、それに焼成を受けさせた。
触媒5
この層状触媒複合体は、上部層用の支持体をAl2O3ではなくAl2O3の上を覆っているTiO2で構成させる以外は触媒4と同じであった。
触媒6
この層状触媒複合体は、下部層および上部層の両方用の支持体をAl2O3の上を覆っているTiO2で構成させる以外は触媒5と同じであった。
触媒7
この触媒複合体の調製方法は触媒3の調製で用いた方法と同じであった。
触媒1−7の評価
この上に希薄/濃厚循環老化条件下で記述したようにして、触媒1−7に希薄/濃厚循環熱処理を700℃で受けさせた。次に、この上に触媒1および2に関する触媒性能試験プロトコールの下で記述した方法を用いて各触媒が示す性能を測定した。触媒1−7を比較した時の結果を図2のグラフに示す。
触媒1の硫酸化および脱硫酸化
希薄供給材料および濃厚供給材料の両方にSO2を10ppm入れて触媒1に関する硫酸化試験を300℃の一定反応温度で実施した。その他の成分の気体濃度および希薄/濃厚時期はこの上に表題が触媒1および2に関する希薄/濃厚循環老化条件および触媒1および2に関する触媒性能試験プロトコールの章で挙げたそれらと同じであった。
触媒8
基質をコーディエライトで構成させた。下部層を75g/立方フィートの白金、0.42g/立方インチのBaO、0.05g/立方インチのZrO2および1.83g/立方インチの支持体(CeO2で覆われているAl2O3で構成)で構成させた。この支持体の調製では湿り開始技術を用いてAl2O3の表面にCeO2を10重量%付着させることで調製を行った。この支持体材料に白金アミン塩を所望装填率が達成されるまで染み込ませた。次に、この粉末に粉砕を水の存在下で粒子の90%が10ミクロメートル未満の粒径(即ちd90<10μ)を示すようになるように受けさせることで、結果として高固体量のスラリーを得た。この粉砕過程中にまた酢酸バリウムおよび酢酸ジルコニルも水に溶解させて粉砕過程中に添加した。
触媒8の硫酸化および脱硫酸化
触媒8に硫酸化および脱硫酸化を硫酸化を650℃ではなく600℃で実施する以外はこの上に触媒1の硫酸化および脱硫酸化に関して記述した様式と同じ様式で受けさせた。図4に、4回の連続的硫酸化および脱硫酸化実験を示す。図4に示したグラフから分かるであろうように、触媒8が示すNOx転化率は元々のレベルにまで回復した。
Claims (13)
- 自動車排ガス制御用層状触媒複合体であって、
(a)基質
(b)(i)少なくとも1種の貴金属および(ii)約0.3から約1.5g/立方インチの量で存在する少なくとも1種のNOx貯蔵成分が上に位置する支持体を含んで成っていて前記基質に隣接して位置しかつそれと接触している下部表面と上部表面を有する少なくとも1層の下部層、および
(c)(i)少なくとも1種の貴金属および(ii)0.0から約0.3g/立方インチ未満の量で存在する少なくとも1種のNOx貯蔵成分が上に位置する支持体を含んで成っていて前記下部層の前記上部表面に隣接して位置しかつそれと接触している下部表面と上部表面を有する少なくとも1層の上部層、
を含んで成る触媒複合体。 - 前記基質がセラミックもしくは金属を含んで成っていてハニカム構造を有する請求項1記載の触媒複合体。
- 前記下部層に存在する前記支持体が高い表面積を有する耐火性金属酸化物を含んで成る請求項1記載の触媒複合体。
- 前記耐火性金属酸化物がアルミナ、チタニア、ジルコニア;チタニア、ジルコニアおよびセリアの中の1種以上とアルミナの混合物;アルミナの上を覆っているセリア;およびアルミナの上を覆っているチタニアから成る群から選択される請求項3記載の触媒複合体。
- 前記上部層に存在する前記支持体が高い表面積を有する耐火性金属酸化物を含んで成る請求項1記載の触媒複合体。
- 前記耐火性金属酸化物がアルミナ、チタニア、ジルコニア;チタニア、ジルコニアおよびセリアの中の1種以上とアルミナの混合物;アルミナの上を覆っているセリア;およびアルミナの上を覆っているチタニアから成る群から選択される請求項5記載の触媒複合体。
- 前記下部層に存在する前記貴金属が白金、パラジウム、ロジウムおよびこれらの混合物から成る群から選択される請求項1記載の触媒複合体。
- 前記上部層に存在する前記貴金属が白金、パラジウム、ロジウムおよびこれらの混合物から成る群から選択される請求項1記載の触媒複合体。
- 前記下部層が更に(a)ジルコニウム、セリウム、マンガン、鉄およびチタンから成る群から選択される遷移金属成分、または(b)ランタン、プラセオジム、イットリウムおよびジルコニウムから成る群から選択される希土類金属成分、または(c)1種以上の遷移金属成分と1種以上の希土類金属成分の混合物も含んで成る請求項1記載の触媒複合体。
- 前記上部層が更に(a)ジルコニウム、セリウム、マンガン、鉄およびチタンから成る群から選択される遷移金属成分、または(b)ランタン、プラセオジム、イットリウムおよびジルコニウムから成る群から選択される希土類金属成分、または(c)1種以上の遷移金属成分と1種以上の希土類金属成分の混合物も含んで成る請求項1記載の触媒複合体。
- 前記下部層の中の前記NOx貯蔵成分がアルカリ金属もしくはアルカリ土類金属の塩基性含酸素化合物を含んで成る請求項1記載の触媒複合体。
- 前記上部層の中の前記NOx貯蔵成分がアルカリ金属もしくはアルカリ土類金属の塩基性含酸素化合物を含んで成る請求項1記載の触媒複合体。
- 希薄条件期間と化学量論的もしくは濃厚条件期間が交互に存在する条件下で作動する自動車エンジンの排気多岐管から放出される排ガス流れの中に存在する炭化水素、一酸化炭素および窒素酸化物の濃度を減少させる方法であって、前記排ガス流れを請求項1から12のいずれか記載の層状触媒複合体と接触させることを含んで成る方法。
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US10/355,779 US7022646B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2003-01-31 | Layered catalyst composite |
PCT/US2004/001271 WO2004069389A1 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2004-01-20 | Layered catalyst composite and use thereof |
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US (1) | US7022646B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1587605A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2006518276A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101041270B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004069389A1 (ja) |
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EP1587605A1 (en) | 2005-10-26 |
KR20050091789A (ko) | 2005-09-15 |
US20040151645A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
WO2004069389A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
KR101041270B1 (ko) | 2011-06-14 |
US7022646B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 |
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