JP2006512157A - クリップの製造方法及びクリップ - Google Patents

クリップの製造方法及びクリップ Download PDF

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JP2006512157A
JP2006512157A JP2004565621A JP2004565621A JP2006512157A JP 2006512157 A JP2006512157 A JP 2006512157A JP 2004565621 A JP2004565621 A JP 2004565621A JP 2004565621 A JP2004565621 A JP 2004565621A JP 2006512157 A JP2006512157 A JP 2006512157A
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マイケル・ティ・カーリー
リチャード・エス・ジン
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Abbott Vascular Systems Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/0057Implements for plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ, e.g. for sealing a vessel puncture or closing a cardiac septal defect
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/064Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/08Wound clamps or clips, i.e. not or only partly penetrating the tissue ; Devices for bringing together the edges of a wound
    • A61B17/083Clips, e.g. resilient
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C19/00Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/007Alloys based on nickel or cobalt with a light metal (alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; earth alkali metal Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al Ga, Ge, Ti) or B, Si, Zr, Hf, Sc, Y, lanthanides, actinides, as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/10Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/064Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
    • A61B17/0644Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue penetrating the tissue, deformable to closed position
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00004(bio)absorbable, (bio)resorbable, resorptive
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00867Material properties shape memory effect
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers

Abstract

本発明は、穿孔を閉鎖する目的で組織をつなぎ合わせるために使用されるクリップを製造する方法に関する。クリップはほぼ環状形状で、放射状に内側に延びる枝部を有する。本発明では、まず予備粗材を形成するが、1つの実施の形態では、前記予備粗材は環状の本体から放射状に外側に延びる枝部を有している。次に、前記枝部が放射状に内側に向くように前記予備粗材が反転されてクリップが形成される。他の実施の形態では、前記予備粗材の横寸法がオーバサイズに形成され、次に、前記枝部が密着して予備粗材の有効面積が小さくなるよう内側に向けて圧縮される。このクリップは、ニッケル・チタンなどの超弾性合金から製造されることが好ましく、この場合、クリップを最終形状とするためには前記反転または圧縮された予備粗材が加熱、急冷されなければならない。

Description

例えば体内の管腔内につながる開口を閉鎖するため、より具体的には血管や他の体内管腔内へのアクセスを可能にする穿孔を閉鎖するため、始めはほぼ平坦であり、使用前に非平坦な形状に変形されるクリップが知られている。
このようなクリップは、一般に環状で、環状の本体部から放射状に延びる枝部(tine)を有している。このようなクリップは、例えば係属中の公開PCT出願WO/99/62408号、WO/00/56223号、WO/00/56227号の明細書に開示されており、その開示内容は参考として本明細書に含まれる。金属板から前記クリップを形成するため、プレス加工、レーザ切断、化学エッチングなどの各種方法が利用されている。
従来の製造方法は、前記枝部の間のスペースを最小にすることに関しては制約があった。なぜなら、製造工具及び/又は加工材料に対して許容される十分なスペースを確保するための製造上の公差(tolerance)が必要となるからである。このような形式のクリップを製造するための改善された方法、及びこの方法によって作られるクリップは、上述したような多くの利用分野において当該クリップをより有効なものにする。
本発明は、組織をつなぎ合わせるクリップを製造するための方法に関し、当該方法では、まずクリップの予備粗材(precursor)が形成され、その後、この予備粗材がクリップの最終形状に再形成される。本発明の1つの好ましい実施の形態において、環状またはフープ状のほぼ平坦な形状を有し、放射状に内側に延びる枝部を備えたクリップは、前記枝部が放射状に外側に延びる予備粗材をまず形成し、その後、この予備粗材を反転させて前記枝部が放射状に内側に延びる最終形状となるよう再形成され、さらにクリップをこの形状に熱硬化(heat set)する。これによって前記枝部をより密集して収めることを可能にし、その結果クリップのシール機能を強化させ、クリップの有効面積を小さくする。以下により詳細に記すように、この製造方法では、クリップをその最終形状にする際の従来の方法にあった制約を解消させるものとなる。
他の好ましい実施の形態では、放射状に内側に延びる枝部を備えた環状またはフープ状の平坦なクリップがまずオーバサイズの形状で製造され、その後、前記枝部を密集させるために横寸法が圧縮され、クリップの有効面積を小さくした形状で熱硬化される。
本発明にしたがって製造されたクリップは、組織部分をつなぎ、または閉鎖し、及び/又は体内管腔の穿孔などの組織を貫通する開口をシールするため、組織をつなぎ合わせるのに有効である。これらのクリップは、前記枝部が前記平坦な面に対してほぼ直交方向に向くようほぼ平坦な形状を変形して使用され、クリップをこの変形された状態に保持し、つなぎ合わされる組織の近傍に当該クリップを展開させ、前記変形力を解除することによってクリップが組織と係合し、当初のほぼ平坦な形状に戻ろうとする。上述した米国特許出願番号10/081,726号、09/732,178号明細書は、組織と係合して開口をシールするよう本発明にかかるクリップを展開するために使用可能である。
使用時、前記クリップの変形は前記枝部をクリップ本体部からほぼ軸方向に離れる方向に向かせ、変形したクリップの弾性特性はこれを当初のほぼ平坦な形態に戻そうとする。当該装置の本体部は、例えばサインカーブのような中央軸の回りに延びる無端のほぼジグザグパターンを形成する一連のループ状要素から構成することができる。前記ループ状要素は、例えば装置全体にわたって応力を分布させ、そしてカーブ領域の局部応力を最小にすることによって前記平坦な形状と横向きの形状との間における装置の変形を促進させるものと考えられる。
本発明にかかる第1の好ましい実施の形態では、まず、好ましくはニッケル・チタン合金(「ニチノール」)などの超弾性合金の板材からクリップ予備粗材が形成される。超弾性の特性、及び当該特性を有するある種の合金が米国特許第4,665,906号明細書に開示されており、その内容は参考として本明細書に含まれる。前記形成は、切取り、化学エッチング、レーザ切断、光化学エッチング、プレス加工、放電加工などにより材料の一部を取り除くことによって行われ、図1Aに示すような放射状に外側に延びる枝部を備えた予備粗材が作られる。この予備粗材はその後、電気研磨、バレル研磨、サンドブラスト、サンドペーパ研磨などによって研磨される。この研磨は、クリップが形成された後の最終ステップとして行われてもよい。この手法による予備粗材の形成では、もし図1Bに示されるようなクリップの最終形状にあったなら必要とされる緊密な公差での作業が要求されない。なぜなら、図1Aに示すような放射状に外側に延びる枝部は加工工具によるアクセスが容易であり、一方、密集して放射状内側に延びる枝部を備えたクリップを直接形成することは困難で高精度の金属切断が要求されるからである。このように、まず予備粗材を製造し、その後に最終的なクリップ形状に再形成することは、従来の方法によって得られるよりも最終クリップの要素間のスペースをより緊密にすることを可能とする。
予備粗材10は、外側に延びる主要(長い)枝部12と副次(短い)枝部13とを有するフープ状の平坦な本体部11から構成されている。例えば、主要枝部の長さは0.070インチから0.105インチとすることができ、前記副次枝部の長さは0.025インチから0.035インチとすることができる。各枝部は、先端14で終息している。この予備粗材10が図1Bに示すクリップ16に再形成されると、枝部12、13が組織をつなぎ合わせるクリップの部分となる。こられの枝部は、当該装置が予備粗材の形状にあるときに鋭く形成されてもよく、または例えば、かえし(barb、図示せず)のように形成されてもよい。本体部11は、ループ15のような接続リングから構成されてもよい。これらのリンクは、予備粗材10が反転された際に干渉しないものである限り、どのような適切な形状であってもよい。
その後、予備粗材10は、クリップ16の形状となるよう反転される。ニッケル・チタン合金の板から予備粗材が形成される好ましい本実施の形態では、この反転された予備粗材は、例えば510℃に加熱することによって熱硬化され、その後室温まで急冷(quench)される。クリップ16はこれによってオーステナイト状態となる。
熱硬化と急冷は、超弾性合金を使用する本発明を成功裏に実施するためには欠くことができない。米国特許第4,665,906号明細書により詳細に説明されているように、ニッケル・チタンなどの超弾性合金は、オーステナイト状態とマルテンサイト状態の2つの状態で存在している。例えば前記予備粗材が形成されたときなどにおいて、かかる合金は始めはオーステナイト状態にある。しかしながら、前記予備粗材が反転されて最終のクリップ形状にされると、この反転の間に前記合金に加わる応力が当該合金の一部又は全体をマルテンサイト状態に変態させてしまう。このときのマルテンサイト状態は、一般に応力起因マルテンサイトと呼ばれる。このようなマルテンサイト構造は超弾性の特性を有し、反転された予備粗材は、この反転状態に保持されていない限り元の形状に戻ってしまう。
反転された予備粗材がマルテンサイト状態のまま放置されると、当初の反転されていない状態に弾性的に戻ろうとするため、これをオーステナイトに戻してやらなければならない。このため、反転された前記予備粗材をマルテンサイト状態からオーステナイト状態へと変態させ、これによってクリップを図1Bに示すような平坦な構造に安定させ、その形状を維持させるために加熱と急冷が必要となる。
各種組成からなる超弾性合金を熱硬化させるための時間と温度は、既存の文献に基づいて設定することができ、あるいは困難を伴うことなく経験によって設定することが可能である。このクリップはサイズが小さく、加熱と急冷は従来のどのような加熱、焼入れ装置を使用しても行うことができる。例えば、一旦反転された後、この反転された予備粗材をその形状のままで維持し、熱硬化の間、反転状態で保持する固定具内に置くことができる。
本発明にしたがってクリップが製造されると、枝部の間のスペースが事実上なくなり、すなわち、予備粗材が反転された後、各枝部は横並びになるか上下に重なる状態で相互に接触するほどに至る。枝部の数、長さ、スペースは、製造者の要望に応じて変更させることが可能である。さらに、平坦な予備粗材の使用は製造上便利ではあるが、平坦な形状が必要とされる訳ではない。例えば、前記予備粗材は、直径に沿って、あるいは予備粗材の主要軸、非主要軸に沿って曲げられてもよく、この曲がった形状で熱硬化されてもよい。代替として、ほぼ平坦である前記クリップが、本体部11と枝部12とを示す図4に示されているように、本体部により形成される面に対して鋭角に延びる枝部を有していてもよい。その上、板材から製造することが便利ではあるが、溶接、鑞付け、その他材料を結合する既知の方法によって、枝部を本体部に結合するなどの要素を結合することを含めた他の製造技術が利用されてもよい。この場合、1つあるいはそれより多いこれらの要素は、断面を環状に、すなわち中空構造とすることができる。
さらに加えて、前記クリップは単一の材料から作られる必要はなく、例えば前記枝部が本体部と異なる材料から製造されてもよい。この場合、枝部などのクリップの部分は、最終的なクリップが変形された後に弾性的に復元できるものである限り、生体吸収材料(bioabsorbable)とすることができる。本発明の利点は、従来の直接切取り方式で作られるクリップに対して30%から40%、またはそれよりも長い枝部を有するクリップの製造が可能になることである。これにより、予備粗材が反転された後には前記枝部が環状の本体部にオーバラップすることもある。
図2A、2Bに示す本発明の他の実施の形態では、予備粗材20は、好ましくはニッケル・チタンなどの超弾性合金の板材から、切取り、化学エッチング、光化学エッチング、プレス加工、放電加工、レーザ切断などの従来の方法によって材料を取り除くためのスペースを提供するため、オーバサイズの形状に拡大して製造される。
この予備粗材20は、図2Bに示すようなより小さい平坦な形状にするため、本体部21に対して放射状に内側に向く力によって形状変更される。予備粗材20は、平坦な本体部21と、先端24を有する枝部22、23とを有し、これらの枝部は、図1Aに関して前に述べたようにリンク25によってつながっている。前記形状変更された予備粗材は、その後、上述したように熱硬化され、急冷されてクリップ26の製造が完了する。
クリップ26の手法によって、図3Aに示す予備粗材30のように異なった形状の予備粗材を利用してさらに他の形状のクリップを製造することができる。予備粗材30は、図3Bに示すような半径方向内側へ向く変形力を加えることにより、または図3Cに示すような対向する横方向から内側に向く変形力を加えることにより形状変更することができる。いずれの場合においても、先端34を備えた枝部32、33とリンク35とを有する平坦な本体部31はより小さな寸法となり、その後、上述したように熱硬化されてクリップ36、37を形成する。本発明の方法によって製造されるクリップは、図1B、2B、3C、3Dに示すものとは異なる複数の形状を採ることができる。例えば、米国特許出願09/732,178号、10/081,726号明細書に示される形状は、本発明にしたがって製造することが可能である。
ニチノール板は、1つの方向では他の方向よりも高強度であることが見出されており、これはニチノール内の結晶方向に起因するものと考えられる。クリップの予備粗材は、主要枝部がニチノールの最も強い方向に位置合せされて形成することが望ましい。図7に示すように、枝部がニチノールの結晶方向に対して直交する向きとなるときに主要枝部の最も大きな強度が達成されることが見出されている。このことから、図7は、主要枝部61を有するクリップ予備粗材60が、予備粗材として板62から切取られるときの状態を示している。板62の結晶方向は双方矢印63によって示されている。典型的には、複数の予備粗材60が同一板から切取られ、それぞれの主要枝部は当該板の結晶方向に対して直交する向きにある。加えて、クリップが予備粗材を用いることなく直接形成される場合においても、その主要枝部は結晶方向に対して直交する向きとなることが好ましい。
本発明にかかるクリップは、主要枝部と副次枝部とを有することができ、両者の長さは同一でも異なっていてもよく、また枝部は真っ直ぐでも曲がっていても良い。例えば、放射状に対向した枝部は、「12時」の方向に1つの枝部があり、これに対向する「6時」の方向にある他方の枝部よりも長くすることができる。異なる長さの主要枝部を有するクリップの予備粗材の例示形状を図5、6に示している。図5において、クリップ予備粗材40は、主要枝部42よりも短い主要枝部41を備える。同様に、図6において、主要枝部52よりも短い主要枝部51を有するクリップ予備粗材が示されている。
本発明にかかるクリップは、本出願の譲受人に譲渡された2002年2月21日出願の米国特許出願第10/081,273号明細書に述べられている装置と方法を使用して実施することもでき、その内容は参考として本明細書に含まれる。同様に、本出願の譲受人に譲渡された2002年2月21日出願の米国特許出願第10/081,717号明細書に記載されている装置と方法を使用することもでき、その内容は参考として本明細書に含まれる。
前記クリップには他の特性が加えられてもよく、その中には、放射線不透過マーカ、及び/又は組織の成長を促進させる多孔性表面が含まれ、また前記クリップは、一部または全体が生体吸収材料によって被覆されてもよく、及び/または治療、診断、その他の目的で患者に供給される成分を含む材料で被覆されてもよい。このような被覆には、ペプチド、凝固因子、その他患者の利益となるよう計画された他の材料が含まれる。
本発明の主要目的は、小さな有効面積を有するクリップの製造を容易にする製造方法を提供することにあるが、本発明は又、より大きな寸法のクリップを作るためにも使用することができる。なぜなら、板材から予備粗材を切取るためにどのような方法が使用されようとも、より大きなクリップの製造においても製造の容易さを促進させることができるからである。このように、より大きなサイズのクリップ、及び各種形状のクリップに関しても本発明にかかる利点を得ることができる。
本発明につき、好ましい実施の形態の記述を含めて全て述べてきたが、本発明の範囲はこれら好ましい実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、添付された請求の範囲の全てが含まれることは理解されるべきである。
本発明の1つの実施の形態にかかる方法で製造されるクリップの形状確定前後の状態を示す。 本発明の他の実施の形態にかかる方法で製造されるクリップの形状確定前後の形態を示す。 本発明にかかる方法で製造されるクリップの代替となる形状確定前後の形態を示し、ここで加工前の形状は図2Aに示すものである。 ほぼ平坦であり、本体部の形成する面に対して角度をもって放射状に内側に延びる枝部を有するクリップを示す。 クリップの予備粗材を示し、ここでは放射状に反対方向に延びる主要枝部が異なる長さを有する。 ニチノール板の結晶方向とクリップ予備粗材の主要枝部との好ましい関係を示す。
符号の説明
10.予備粗材、 11.本体部、 12.主要枝部、 13.副次枝部、 14.先端、 15.ループ、 16.クリップ、 20.予備粗材、 21.本体部、 22、23.枝部、 24.先端、 25.リンク、 26.クリップ、 30.予備粗材、 31.本体部、 32、33.枝部、 34.先端、 36、37.クリップ、 40.予備粗材、 41、42.主要枝部、 51、52.主要枝部、 60.予備粗材、 61.主要枝部、 62.板。

Claims (16)

  1. クリップを製造する方法であって:
    オーステナイト状態とマルテンサイト状態とを有する超弾性合金からなる材料から、ほぼ平坦でほぼ環状の本体部を有し、前記本体部から放射状に外側に延びる1つまたはそれより多い枝部を有するクリップの予備粗材を形成するステップと;
    前記枝部が放射状に内側に延びるよう前記予備粗材を反転させるステップと、
    前記合金がほぼオーステナイトとなるよう、前記反転された形状にある前記予備粗材を加熱するステップと;
    前記加熱された予備粗材を急冷してほぼオーステナイトとなるクリップを形成するステップと、からなる方法。
  2. 前記合金がニッケル・チタンである、請求項1の方法。
  3. 前記本体部が複数のループ状要素からなる、請求項1の方法。
  4. 反転の後、少なくとも2つの枝部が横並びの関係となる、請求項1の方法。
  5. 反転の後、少なくとも2つの枝部が上下に重なる関係となる、請求項1の方法。
  6. 少なくとも1つの枝部が、半径方向に対向する枝部よりも長い、請求項1の方法。
  7. 前記予備粗材を形成するステップが、超弾性合金からなる板材から前記予備粗材を切取ることからなる、請求項1の方法。
  8. クリップを製造する方法であって:
    オーステナイト状態とマルテンサイト状態とを有する超弾性合金からなる材料から、ほぼ平坦でほぼ環状の本体部を有し、前記本体部から放射状に外側に延びる1つまたはそれより多い枝部を有するクリップの予備粗材を形成するステップと;
    前記予備粗材が、前記クリップよりも実質的に大きな横寸法を有するステップと;
    前記予備粗材を放射状内側方向に圧縮して前記枝部をほぼ密着させるステップと;
    前記合金がほぼオーステナイトになるよう、前記圧縮された形状にある前記予備粗材を加熱するステップと;
    前記加熱された予備粗材を急冷してほぼオーステナイトとなるクリップを形成するステップと、からなる方法。
  9. 前記合金がニッケル・チタンである、請求項8の方法。
  10. 前記本体部が複数のループ状要素からなる、請求項8の方法。
  11. 前記ニッケル・チタンが結晶方向を有し、少なくとも2つの枝部が前記結晶方向に直交する方向の長手寸法を有する、請求項9の方法。
  12. 圧縮の後、少なくとも2つの枝部が横並びの関係となる、請求項8の方法。
  13. 圧縮の後、少なくとも2つの枝部が上下に重なった関係となる、請求項1の方法。
  14. 請求項1の方法に従って製造されたクリップ。
  15. 請求項6の方法に従って製造されたクリップ。
  16. 請求項8の方法に従って製造されたクリップ。

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US8585836B2 (en) 2013-11-19
WO2004060169A3 (en) 2004-09-10
CA2512091A1 (en) 2004-07-22
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US20040039414A1 (en) 2004-02-26
AU2003297432A1 (en) 2004-07-29
US7854810B2 (en) 2010-12-21
US8202283B2 (en) 2012-06-19
US20090177213A1 (en) 2009-07-09
US7850797B2 (en) 2010-12-14
US20110060355A1 (en) 2011-03-10
DE60322109D1 (de) 2008-08-21
US20120255655A1 (en) 2012-10-11
WO2004060169A2 (en) 2004-07-22
ATE400220T1 (de) 2008-07-15
US7211101B2 (en) 2007-05-01
US20060144479A1 (en) 2006-07-06

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