JP2006500911A - 幹細胞及び前駆細胞の分化のモジュレーション、アッセイ、並びにそれらの使用 - Google Patents
幹細胞及び前駆細胞の分化のモジュレーション、アッセイ、並びにそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、哺乳動物幹細胞及び/又は前駆細胞の分化をモジュレートする方法に関する。本発明の方法は、哺乳動物、特にヒトの幹細胞及び前駆細胞の分化及び成熟を、特定の細胞及び組織系統に調節及び制御するのに用いることができる。本発明の方法は、幹細胞集団の分化、特に分娩後の胎盤に由来する胚様幹細胞の分化を、特定の細胞及び組織系統にモジュレートするため、あるいは初期造血前駆細胞を、特定の分化経路、特に顆粒球分化経路にモジュレートするための、特定の有機小分子の使用に関する。本発明はまた、このような有機分子を使用して、CD34+、CD45+、及びCD133+前駆細胞などの、特定の前駆細胞系統の分化をモジュレートすることに関する。本発明はまた、前駆細胞の発達の時間的な態様、並びにそのような時間的な態様に基づくin vitroモデルに関する。本発明はさらに、予防及び治療方法におけるこのようなモジュレートされた細胞の使用に関するものであり、これには、かかる細胞及び/又は小さな有機化合物の医薬組成物における使用が含まれる。最後に、本発明は、移植及び他の医療処置におけるかかる分化細胞の使用に関する。
本願は、2002年4月12日出願の米国特許仮出願第60/372,348号、2002年12月31日出願の同第60/437,348号、2002年12月31日出願の同第60/437,350号の優先権を主張するものであり、これら特許それぞれの全体を本明細書に援用する。
本発明は、哺乳動物、特にヒトの幹細胞又は前駆細胞の分化をモジュレートする方法を提供する。特に、本発明の方法を用いると、ヒト幹細胞の分化及び成熟を、特定の細胞及び組織系統に調節及び制御することができる。本発明は、免疫調節有機小分子、より好ましくはアミノ置換イソインドリン類、特に化合物Actimid(商標)又はRevimid(商標)を使用して、そのような調節及び制御を行うことを含む。本発明はさらに、そのような化合物を、特定の時期に前駆細胞に投与して、特定の様式にその分化をモジュレートすることを企図する。
本明細書では、用語「バイオリアクター」とは、細胞を増殖させ、生体材料を産生又は発現させ、細胞、組織、オルガノイド、ウイルス、タンパク質、ポリヌクレオチド、及び微生物を増殖させ、又は培養するためのex vivo系を指す。
図1は、1μg/ml及び10μg/mlの濃度におけるサリドマイド(THD)、Actimid(商標)及びRevimid(商標)の存在下における臍帯血CD34+細胞の培養結果を示す棒グラフである。等量のDMSOを陰性対照として使用した。赤芽球バースト形成細胞(BFU−E)、赤芽球コロニー形成細胞(CFU−E)、顆粒球/マクロファージコロニー形成細胞(CFU−GM)、及び合計コロニー数(CFU−Total)の造血性コロニーを培養の第14日に光学顕微鏡下で計数した。Y軸:コロニー数。詳細については第6.1節参照。
本発明は、一部には、幹細胞又は前駆細胞を本発明の化合物に暴露すると、幹細胞若しくは前駆細胞の、特定の前駆細胞集団への分化、あるいは前駆細胞の、樹状細胞、顆粒球、内皮細胞、神経細胞などの特定の細胞型への分化を制御する調節可能な手段になるという予想外の知見に基づく。特に、幹細胞又は前駆細胞を本発明の化合物に暴露すると、CD34+、CD38+、及びCD133+細胞を含む特定の造血細胞集団の分化及び増殖が調節可能になる。このような分化の調節は、細胞死のために収率がかなり損失したり、あるいは望ましくない細胞型又は細胞系統に分化したりすることなく実現されるが、換言すれば、本発明の化合物は、1種又は複数の細胞集団のアポトーシスを引き起こさない。さらに、造血前駆細胞を本発明の化合物に暴露すると、特定の細胞型の分化及び増殖が調節可能になる。
5.1.1.幹細胞
本発明は、ヒト幹細胞の分化をモジュレートする方法を提供する。ある実施形態では、本発明の方法は、幹細胞又は前駆細胞の分化のin vitroでの調節を含み、これは、前記幹細胞を化合物と共にin vitroでインキュベートした後、分化した細胞を被験体に直接に移植することを含むものである。他の実施形態では、本発明の方法は、幹細胞又は前駆細胞の分化のin vivoでの調節を含み、これは、順化させていない幹細胞のレシピエントである被験体に化合物を送達した後、その被験体に化合物を直接に投与することを含むものである。
本発明は、ヒトCD34+若しくはCD133+細胞の分化をモジュレートする方法を提供する。ある実施形態では、本発明の方法は、幹細胞を化合物と共にin vitroでインキュベートした後、分化した細胞を被験体に直接移植することを含む、幹細胞又は前駆細胞の分化のin vitroでの調節を含む。
ある実施形態では、示差的に発現される遺伝子の特性決定(たとえば、目的の未分化前駆細胞の遺伝子プール対その前駆細胞由来の分化した細胞の遺伝子プールの特性決定)によって、分化した細胞を同定することができる。たとえば、ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)などの核酸増幅法、転写に基づく増幅法(たとえば、in vitro転写(IVT))を使用すると、たとえばポリヌクレオチドマイクロアレイを使用して、異なる細胞集団の遺伝子発現のプロファイリングを行うことができる。示差的な遺伝子発現をプロファイリングする方法は、当技術分野で周知である(たとえば、Wielandら、Proc.Natl.Acad:Sci.USA第87巻:2720〜2724ページ(1990年);Lisitsynら、Science第259巻:946〜951ページ(1993年);Lisitsynら、Meth.Enzymology第254巻:291〜304ページ(1995年);米国特許第5,436,142号;米国特許第5,501,964号;Lisitsynら、Nature Genetics第6巻:57〜63ページ(1994年);Hubank及びSchatz、1994年、Nucleic Acids Research第22巻:5640〜5648ページ;Zengら、1994年、Nucleic Acids Research第22巻:4381〜4385ページ;米国特許第5,525,471号;「RNA amplification method」と題された、Linsleyら、2001年8月7日発行の米国特許第6,271,002号;「Processes for genetic manipulations using promoters」と題された、Van Gelderら、1998年2月10日発行の米国特許第5,716,785号;Stofletら、1988年、Science第239巻:491〜494ページ、1988年;Sarkar及びSommer、1989年、Science第244巻:331〜334ページ;Mullisら、米国特許第4,683,195号;Malekら、米国特許第5,130,238号;Kacian及びFultz、米国特許第5,399,491号;Burgら、米国特許第5,437,990号;R. N Van Gelderら(1990年)、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA第87巻、1663ページ;D.J.Lockhartら、1996年、Nature Biotechnol.第14巻、1675ページ;Shannon、米国特許第6,132,997号;「Procedure for subtractive hybridization and difference analysis」と題された、Lindemannら、2001年5月22日公開の米国特許第6,235,503号を参照のこと)。
本発明は、ヒト幹細胞の分化をモジュレートする方法を提供する。臍帯血から単離された幹細胞(CB細胞)、末梢血、成体血、骨髄、胎盤、間葉幹細胞、及び他の供給源から単離された幹細胞が含まれるがこれに限定されるものではない、任意の哺乳動物幹細胞を本発明の方法の範囲内で使用することができる。好ましくない実施形態では、幹細胞は、胚幹細胞、又は胎盤以外の供給源から単離された細胞である。
本発明において使用する化合物は、本明細書において「免疫調節化合物(immunomodulatory compound)」といい、ラセミ体、立体異性体を多量に含む又は立体異性体として純粋である免疫調節化合物、並びにその薬学的に許容される塩、溶媒和物、水和物、立体異性体、多形体及びプロドラッグを含む。本発明において使用するのに好ましい化合物は、分子量が約1000g/mol未満の有機小分子であり、タンパク質、ペプチド、オリゴヌクレオチド、オリゴ糖又は他の高分子ではない。
X及びYの一方はC=Oであり、X及びYの他方はC=O又はCH2であり、
R2は水素又は低級アルキル(特にメチル)である。〕
を有する。具体的な免疫調節化合物としては、限定されるものではないが、以下のものが挙げられる:
1−オキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−4−アミノイソインドリン;
1−オキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−5−アミノイソインドリン;
1−オキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−6−アミノイソインドリン;
1−オキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−7−アミノイソインドリン;
1,3−ジオキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−4−アミノイソインドリン;及び
1,3−ジオキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−5−アミノイソインドリン。
を有する。別の実施形態において、本発明は、上記化合物のエナンチオマーとして純粋な形態(例えば、光学的に純粋な(R)又は(S)エナンチオマー)の使用を包含する。
X及びYの一方はC=Oであり、X及びYの他方はCH2又はC=Oであり、
R1は、H、(C1−C8)アルキル、(C3−C7)シクロアルキル、(C2−C8)アルケニル、(C2−C8)アルキニル、ベンジル、アリール、(C0−C4)アルキル−(C1−C6)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C0−C4)アルキル−(C2−C5)ヘテロアリール、C(O)R3、C(S)R3、C(O)OR4、(C1−C8)アルキル−N(R6)2、(C1−C8)アルキル−OR5、(C1−C8)アルキル−C(O)OR5、C(O)NHR3、C(S)NHR3、C(O)NR3R3’、C(S)NR3R3’、又は(C1−C8)アルキル−O(CO)R5であり;
R2は、H、F、ベンジル、(C1−C8)アルキル、(C2−C8)アルケニル、又は(C2−C8)アルキニルであり;
R3及びR3’は独立して、(C1−C8)アルキル、(C3−C7)シクロアルキル、(C2−C8)アルケニル、(C2−C8)アルキニル、ベンジル、アリール、(C0−C4)アルキル−(C1−C6)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C0−C4)アルキル−(C2−C5)ヘテロアリール、(C0−C8)アルキル−N(R6)2、(C1−C8)アルキル−OR5、(C1−C8)アルキル−C(O)OR5、(C1−C8)アルキル−O(CO)R5、又はC(O)OR5であり;
R4は、(C1−C8)アルキル、(C2−C8)アルケニル、(C2−C8)アルキニル、(C1−C4)アルキル−OR5、ベンジル、アリール、(C0−C4)アルキル−(C1−C6)ヘテロシクロアルキル、又は(C0−C4)アルキル−(C2−C5)ヘテロアリールであり;
R5は、(C1−C8)アルキル、(C2−C8)アルケニル、(C2−C8)アルキニル、ベンジル、アリール、又は(C2−C5)ヘテロアリール;
R6の各存在は独立して、H、(C1−C8)アルキル、(C2−C8)アルケニル、(C2−C8)アルキニル、ベンジル、アリール、(C2−C5)ヘテロアリール、若しくは(C0−C8)アルキル−C(O)O−R5であるか、又はR6基は連結してヘテロシクロアルキル基を形成することができ;
nは0又は1であり;
*はキラル炭素中心を表す。〕
を有する化合物、並びに、その薬学的に許容される塩、水和物、溶媒和物、多形体、エナンチオマー、ジアステレオマー、ラセミ体、及び立体異性体の混合物である。
R1は、(C3−C7)シクロアルキル、(C2−C8)アルケニル、(C2−C8)アルキニル、ベンジル、アリール、(C0−C4)アルキル−(C1−C6)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C0−C4)アルキル−(C2−C5)ヘテロアリール、C(O)R3、C(O)OR4、(C1−C8)アルキル−N(R6)2、(C1−C8)アルキル−OR5、(C1−C8)アルキル−C(O)OR5、C(S)NHR3、又は(C1−C8)アルキル−O(CO)R5であり;
R2は、H又は(C1−C8)アルキルであり;
R3は、(C1−C8)アルキル、(C3−C7)シクロアルキル、(C2−C8)アルケニル、(C2−C8)アルキニル、ベンジル、アリール、(C0−C4)アルキル−(C1−C6)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C0−C4)アルキル−(C2−C5)ヘテロアリール、(C5−C8)アルキル−N(R6)2、(C0−C8)アルキル−NH−C(O)O−R5、(C1−C8)アルキル−OR5、(C1−C8)アルキル−C(O)OR5、(C1−C8)アルキル−O(CO)R5、又はC(O)OR5であり;
他の可変因子は上記と同じ定義を有する。
を有する。
X及びYの一方はC=Oであり、他方はCH2又はC=Oであり;
Rは、H又はCH2OCOR’であり;
(i)R1、R2、R3、又はR4のそれぞれは他と独立して、ハロ、炭素原子1〜4のアルキル、又は炭素原子1〜4のアルコキシであるか、あるいは
(ii)R1、R2、R3、又はR4の1つはニトロ又は−NHR5であり、R1、R2、R3、又はR4の残りは水素であり;
R5は水素又は炭素原子1〜8のアルキルであり;
R6は、水素、炭素原子1〜8のアルキル、ベンゾ、クロロ、又はフルオロであり;
R’はR7−CHR10−N(R8R9)であり;
R7は、m−フェニレン又はp−フェニレン又は−(CnH2n)−であり、ここでnは0〜4の値である;
R8及びR9はそれぞれ他と独立して、水素若しくは炭素原子1〜8のアルキルであるか、又はR8及びR9は一緒にテトラメチレン、ペンタメチレン、ヘキサメチレン、若しくは−CH2CH2[X]X1CH2CH2−を形成し、ここで[X]X1は−O−、−S−、又は−NH−であり;
R10は、水素、炭素原子1〜8のアルキル、又はフェニルであり;
*はキラル炭素中心を表す。〕
の化合物、並びにその薬学的に許容される塩、水和物、溶媒和物、多形体、エナンチオマー、ジアステレオマー、ラセミ体、及び立体異性体の混合物である。
本発明のある実施形態では、胚幹細胞、胚様幹細胞、前駆細胞、多能性細胞、全能性細胞、多分化能細胞、灌流を行った分娩後胎盤に内因性の細胞、臍帯血細胞、末梢血若しくは成体血由来の幹細胞若しくは前駆細胞、又は骨髄細胞を含むがこれに限定されるものではない幹細胞又は前駆細胞を、本発明の化合物に暴露し、分化を誘導する。これらの細胞は、当技術分野で周知の方法を使用してin vitroで増殖させてもよいし、あるいは、灌流を行った分娩後胎盤中で増殖させてもよい。
本発明の方法は、幹細胞又は前駆細胞の分化のin vitroでの調節を含み、これは、前記細胞を、本発明の有機小分子など、前記細胞の所望の特定の細胞系統の細胞への分化を誘導する化合物と共にin vitroでインキュベートした後、分化した細胞を被験体に直接移植することを含むものである。好ましい実施形態では、細胞の造血細胞系統への分化を誘導する。
本発明の方法は、前駆細胞、特にCD34+及びCD133+前駆細胞の発達の調節及びモジュレーションを含む。本発明の一実施形態では、前駆細胞の造血細胞系統への分化を誘導する。具体的な実施形態では、その系統は顆粒球系統である。別の実施形態では、CD133+細胞を、内皮細胞、脳細胞、腎臓細胞、肝細胞、又は腸管細胞に分化するよう誘導する。
本発明の別の実施形態では、たとえば、アデノウイルス若しくはレトロウイルスベクターなどのウイルスベクターを使用して、あるいはリポソーム又は化学物質を媒介とするDNA取り込みなどの機械的手段を使用して、本発明の化合物に暴露する前に又はその後に、本発明の方法に従って分化させる幹細胞又は前駆細胞の遺伝子改変を行う。具体的な実施形態では、CD34+前駆細胞に遺伝子改変を行い、次いでそれを本発明の化合物で処理するが、より具体的な実施形態では、前記化合物は、Actimid(商標)、Revimid(商標)又はその類似体である。別の実施形態では、前記細胞を本発明の化合物で処理し、次いで遺伝子改変を行う。
5.6.1.一般の用途
本発明の幹細胞、並びにCD34+及びCD133+前駆細胞は、移植及びex vivo治療プロトコルでの使用のために分化を誘導することができる。一実施形態では、幹細胞集団を特定の細胞型に分化させ、遺伝子改変を行って、治療用遺伝子産物を提供する。別の実施形態では、前駆細胞集団を初期前駆細胞に増殖させ、遺伝子改変を行って、治療用遺伝子産物を提供する。別の実施形態では、前駆細胞集団を顆粒球などの特定の細胞型に分化させ、遺伝子改変を行って、治療用遺伝子産物を提供する。
本発明の方法に従って分化をモジュレートした本発明の幹細胞、特に胚様幹細胞及び前駆細胞は、幹細胞や前駆細胞集団など、所望の細胞集団の移植又は注入に関する広範な種類の治療プロトコルに使用することができる。この幹細胞又は前駆細胞を使用して、既存の組織を交換若しくは増強し、新規若しくは代替の組織を導入し、又は成体組織若しくは構造を接合することができる。
本発明の方法に従って分化をモジュレートした幹細胞及び前駆細胞は、一般の抗炎症剤として使用することができる。本発明者らは、たとえば臍帯血由来の幹細胞及び前駆細胞が、患者に移植したとき、炎症性の応答を低減し、又は実質的に消失させることを見出した。したがって、一実施形態では、本発明の方法は、炎症性の応答を伴う患者、又は炎症性の応答を発症すると考えられる患者に、1種又は複数の本発明の化合物によって分化をモジュレートした幹細胞又は前駆細胞を投与することを含む。具体的な実施形態では、幹細胞は胚様幹細胞であり、前駆細胞は造血幹細胞、特にCD34+若しくはCD133+前駆細胞である。
本発明の化合物を投与すると、特に、幹細胞及び/又は前駆細胞の分化を、樹状細胞発達系路でなく顆粒球発達経路に沿ってモジュレートすることができる。同様に、本発明の細胞をin vivo又はex vivoでモジュレートして、増殖した樹状細胞若しくは顆粒球集団を提供することができる。
本発明の分化した幹細胞及び前駆細胞、又は本発明の化合物は、単独又は組み合わせて、他の様々な疾患又は症状の治療又は予防にも使用することができる。ある実施形態では、たとえば、その疾患又は障害には、血管若しくは心血管疾患、アテローム性動脈硬化症、糖尿病、再生不良性貧血、脊髄形成異常、心筋梗塞、発作障害、多発性硬化症、卒中、低血圧、心停止、虚血、炎症、加齢による認知機能の喪失、放射線による損傷、脳性麻痺、神経変性疾患、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、リー病、AIDS痴呆、記憶喪失、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)、虚血性腎疾患、脳若しくは脊髄の外傷、心肺バイパス、緑内障、網膜の虚血、網膜の外傷;リソソーム蓄積症、例えばテイ−サックス病、ニーマン−ピック病、ファブリー病、ゴーシェ病、ハンター病、ハーラー症候群など、並びに他のガングリオシド蓄積症、ムコ多糖症、及び糖原病リソソーム蓄積症;先天的な代謝障害、副腎白質ジストロトフィー、嚢胞性線維症、糖原蓄積病、甲状腺機能低下症、鎌状赤血球貧血、ピアソン症候群、ポンペ病、フェニルケトン尿症(PKU)、ポルフィリン症、メープルシロップ尿症、ホモシスチン尿症、ムコ多糖蓄積症、慢性肉芽腫症、及びチロシン血症、テイ−サックス病、癌、腫瘍、又は他の病理学的若しくは腫瘍性の状態が含まれるがこれに限定されるものではない。
本発明は、単回及び/又は複数回用量の1種又は複数の本発明の化合物を含み、前記の単回用量又は複数回用量は、順化させた又は順化させていないヒトCD34+若しくはCD133+前駆細胞又は幹細胞の移植前又はその後に、個体に単回投与又は複数回投与すると有効であり、そうした幹細胞及び/又は前駆細胞の、特定の細胞型、たとえば造血系統の細胞、特に骨髄系統の細胞への分化を抑制し、モジュレートし、かつ/又は調節するのに十分な効果を発揮する医薬組成物を含む。これに関連して、他の場合と同様に本発明でも、「個体」とは、化合物又は細胞を投与する任意の個体、たとえば哺乳動物、鳥類、又は爬虫類を意味する。
上述の方法、すなわち、IMiDs(Actimid(商標)など)がCD34+細胞などの初期前駆細胞の分化に及ぼす作用についての試験は、目的のどんな化合物にも適用できるが、分化に対するその作用がわかっていることが望ましい。試験は、いくつかの手段で実施することができる。
本実施例では、CD34+(造血前駆細胞)細胞の分化とコロニー形成単位(CFU)の生成にサリドマイド(Thal)、Actimid(商標)及びRevimid(商標)が及ぼす作用を研究した。重要なことには、この結果が、Actimid(商標)及びRevimid(商標)が、赤血球形成コロニー(BFU−E及びCFU−E)の生成を特異的に抑制する一方で、白血球及び血小板形成コロニー(CFU−GM)の生成と総コロニー形成単位(CFU−Total)の産生促進との両方を増強するために使用できることを示している。
本実施例では、臍帯血(CB)単核細胞の増殖とそのCD34+(造血前駆)細胞への分化に対するサリドマイド、Actimid(商標)及びRevimid(商標)の作用を検討した。臍帯血単核細胞は造血前駆(CD34+)細胞の小集団を含む混合細胞集団である。このCD34+細胞の小集団のサブセットには(総CB単核細胞のおよそ1%の)CD34+CD38+細胞集団及びそれより小さな(総CB単核細胞の1%未満の)CD34+CD38−細胞集団が含まれる。重要なことには、結果は、Actimid(商標)がCD34+細胞のアップレギュレーション(分化の促進)をもたらし、またActimid(商標)及びRevimid(商標)が、陽性対照及び陰性対照と比較して、造血幹細胞又は前駆細胞の分化を見かけ上阻害又は速度低下しうることを示している(図3〜7)。
CBのCD34+細胞はサイトカイン類(IL3、G−CSF及びKitリガンド(R&D Systems社))を添加した20%FCS IMDM(ウシ胎仔血清/Iscove改変ダルベッコ培地)を用い24ウェルプレート内で4×104細胞/mlで培養を開始した。サリドマイド(Thal)、Actimid(商標)又はRevimid(商標)を3つの異なる濃度(5μg/ml、1μg/ml及び0.3μg/ml)で培養液に加えた。同容量のDMSOを対照として用いた。何も化合物を加えない陰性対照も用いた(図3〜7において、「なし」として示す)。細胞を加湿培養器内で5%CO2の気相下で37℃にて7日間培養した。次に細胞をそれぞれのウェルから回収した。
サイトカインで刺激されたCD34+細胞の増殖に及ぼすサリドマイド、Actimid(商標)又はRevimid(商標)の作用を試験した。図4に示すように、陰性対照(「なし」)と比較した場合に、サリドマイド、Actimid(商標)及びRevimid(商標)はIL−3、Kitリガンド(KL)及びG−CSFの存在下で培養したCD34+細胞の増殖に有意な影響を及ぼさない。しかし、サリドマイド、Actimid(商標)及びRevimid(商標)はDMSO対照に比べてわずかに多くの細胞の回収を誘導すると考えられる。DMSOがこれらの実験において概して細胞増殖に対し負の作用を有することを考慮すると、これらの結果は、同量のDMSOを担体として使用した場合に、サリドマイド、Actimid(商標)及びRevimid(商標)化合物が、IL−3、KL及びG−CSFの存在下で培養したCD34+細胞の増殖に対し刺激作用を有する可能性があることを示唆している。この点に関して、Actimid(商標)及びRevimid(商標)はサリドマイドよりもその作用が大きい。
前実施例ではActimid(商標)及びRevimid(商標)が臍帯血CD34+細胞におけるCXCR4の発現を有意にダウンレギュレートし、CD34+CD38−細胞集団を増加させることが示された。本実施例ではActimid(商標)及びRevimid(商標)が臍帯血単核細胞(MNC)に対して同様の活性を有することを示す。
標準法を用いて凍結保存し解凍した臍帯血MNCを標準Ficoll分離法で単離し、サイトカイン類(IL6、KL及びG−CSF、各10ng/ml)を加えた20%FCS−IMDMに0.5×106細胞/mlで24ウェルプレート内で培養する(三連で行う)。実験群は、なし(サイトカインのみ)、DMSO(1.7μl)、Actimid(商標)(DMSO1.7μl中に5.0μg)、及びRevimid(商標)(DMSO1.7μl中に5μg)とした。1週間培養後に培養細胞を回収し、FACS染色で分析した。結果を表2及び図8〜12にまとめる。データは、3つの独立したウエルからの平均±SDとして表した。
表2及び図8〜12に示すように、DMSO、Actimid(商標)又はRevimid(商標)と共に培養したMNCの総細胞数は対照群(「なし」、サイトカインのみ)において低下した。これは、DMSOの作用から生じた可能性がある。MID1と共に培養した細胞培養物は他の全ての群よりもCD34+細胞の割合が高かったのに対し、CD34+細胞の総数は全ての群において同様であった。CD34+CD38−細胞の数はIMJD1及びRevimid(商標)処理細胞において有意に高く、このことは、化合物による精製CD34+細胞の処理の結果と一致する。CD34+CD38−細胞が、CD34+CD38+細胞よりも高い効率で移植後に移植片生着し増殖する、あまり分化していない造血前駆細胞であることは十分に許容しうる(Daoら、1998年、Blood第91巻(4), 1243〜55ページ;Huangら、1994年、Blood第83巻(6), 1515〜26ページ)。
6.4.1.材料及び方法
加湿した5%CO2培養器内で、サイトカイン類(IL−3、IL6、G−CSF、KL及びEpo)を添加した20%FCS IMDM培地において4×104細胞/mlで精製ヒト臍帯血CD34+細胞(90%を超えるCD34+)を37℃で14日間培養した。実験群は、(i)DMSOと化学化合物無添加(「なし」)、(ii)DMSO単独、(iii)DMSOに溶解したサリドマイド、(iv)DMSOに溶解したActimid(商標)、並びに(v)DMSOに溶解したRevimid(商標)、の群からなる。細胞のアリコートを回収し、CD34−PE結合モノクローナル抗体及びCD14−FITC結合モノクローナル抗体で染色した。
結果は、「なし」の群において、全細胞の0.95%のみがCD34+であったことを示した。DMSO処理群では、細胞の0.17%のみがCD34+であり、このことは、DMSOがCD34+の増殖及び保存に対し負の作用を有することを示唆している。サリドマイド処理群においては、細胞の0.24%がCD34+であり、DMSO処理細胞と有意には異ならなかった。しかしながらActimid(商標)処理群及びRevimid(商標)処理群においては、CD34+細胞が有意に高い割合で存在した(それぞれ18.7%及び7.1%)(図13に示す実験結果と図面の説明も参照されたい)。
本実験はActimid(商標)による前処理が、移植された胎盤有核細胞(PLNC)、臍帯血有核細胞(UCBNC)及び骨髄細胞(BMNC)の生存を増強することを実証する。
胎盤有核細胞(PLNC)、臍帯血有核細胞(UCBNC)及び骨髄細胞(BMNC)はヒトのドナーから得た。PLNC及びUCBNCは、第5.4節に記載の方法を用いて胎盤及び臍帯から得た。
移植したPLNC、UCBNC及びBMNCに対するActimid(商標)前処理の作用は、以下の表3に示す。表3に示されるように、Actimid(商標)の前処理によって、移植した胎盤有核細胞(PLNC)、臍帯血有核細胞(UCBNC)及び骨髄細胞(BMNC)の生存が増大する。
6.6.1.材料及び方法
骨髄及び臍帯血CD34+前駆細胞をCloneticsから入手し、SCF、Flt−3L、GM−CSF及びTNF−αの存在下でBIT95000(StemCell Technologies)を加えたIscoveのMDMで6日間培養し、次にGM−CSF及びTNF−αの存在下でさらに6日間培養した。
Actimid(商標)はCD34+前駆細胞からのDCの発達を有意に改変することが見いだされた。DCの生成に及ぼすActimid(商標)の作用を検討するためにCD34+前駆細胞をActimid(商標)(1μM)の存在下又は不在下で増殖成熟期(第1〜12日)の12日間、又は成熟期(第6〜12日)の6日間培養した(図14)。第1〜12日におけるActimid(商標)の添加はDCの表現型の獲得を阻害し(図15)、さらに重要なことにはCD34+CD38−細胞集団を増大し、CD34+CD38+細胞へのCD34+CD38−細胞の正常な分化を改変した(図16)。しかし、Actimid(商標)で処理されたCD34+細胞はCD33骨髄系細胞マーカーを獲得し、これらの細胞は第6日にCD34+CD38−CD33+表現型を示した。Actimid(商標)は第6日にCD1a+細胞の生成をほぼ完全に抑制し、特に二重陽性CD86+CD1a+細胞の生成を抑制した。この二重陽性細胞集団は表皮ランゲルハンスDCの前駆細胞と考えられる。Actimid(商標)は表皮DCと単球/マクロファージとの両方を生じることができるCD14+CD1a−細胞の生成も減少させた。初期前駆細胞集団(CD34+CD38−細胞)の増加及び骨髄系DC前駆細胞(CD1a+CD14−細胞及びCD1a−CD14+細胞)の遮断は用量依存的であり、1μMのActimid(商標)で最大に達した(図17)。この作用は可逆的であり、CD34の分化経路の妨害はCD34+前駆細胞をActimid(商標)と共に少なくとも3日間培養する場合にのみ観察された(図18)。
Actimid(商標)の複数回投与はCD34+細胞集団の増大を増強することに加えて、CD34bright造血前駆細胞と初期のCD34−小集団の一部が通常は発現するCD133の発現も増大させる(図19A及び19B)。Actimid(商標)は、CD34+CD133+初期造血細胞を多量に存在させる(濃縮する)ことによって、幹細胞移植後の造血細胞の回復に臨床的意義を有するはずである。加えて、CD133+幹細胞も内皮系統を生じ、創傷治癒の点で貢献することができる。Actimid(商標)の複数回投与はランゲルハンスDC前駆細胞の生成の遮断を悪化させない。
6.8.1.材料及び方法
近交系C57BL/6マウスの骨髄をCloneticsから入手した。造血Sca+Lin−前駆細胞をSpinSepマウス前駆細胞濃縮用カクテル(StemCell Technologies)を用いて濃縮し、マウス増殖因子であるSCF、Flt3L、GM−CSF及びM−CSFの存在下で、BTI95000(StemCell Technologies)を含むIscoveのMDMで9日間培養し、Sca+細胞とDC前駆細胞表現型の増殖を促進した。次に、GM−CSF及びTNF−αの存在下でさらに3日間培養して細胞を未成熟DC表現型に推進した。図30を参照されたい。濃縮したSca+Lin−細胞を第0日からDMSO(0.1%)、10μMのActimid(商標)又は10μMのオールトランス型レチノイン酸(ATRA)(ICN−Biomedicals)の存在下で培養した。第0日及び第9日に細胞に化合物を加えた。
Actimid(商標)はSca+前駆細胞からのマウスDCの発達を改変することが見いだされた。第9日に細胞は、樹状/骨髄系細胞マーカーであるCD32/16(Fcレセプター)、CD11b、CD80の細胞表面での高い発現と、I−Ab及びCD86の低い発現と、CD14及びGr−1としての系統マーカーの発現の欠如とを有するDC前駆細胞表現型を示した(図31)。Actimid(商標)は第9日までに細胞表面マーカーの発現に有意な作用を示さないが、ATRAはCD80、I−Ab及びSca+の発現の顕著なダウンレギュレーションを示した(データは示さない)。しかし、第12日までにActimid(商標)はCD86及び鮮明なI−Abの発現のダウンレギュレーションと、CD11bの発現のアップレギュレーションとを示した(図32)。ATRAはActimid(商標)と類似するがさらに顕著な作用を示した。加えて、Actimid(商標)はCD40及びCD80の発現に作用を示さないが、ATRAはこれらの分子の顕著なダウンレギュレーションを示した(データは示さない)。
上述した方法、すなわちCD34+細胞のような初期前駆細胞の分化にActimid(商標)などのIMiDsが及ぼす作用の試験は、分化に及ぼす作用を知ることが望まれる関心のあるどのような化合物にも適用できる。このアッセイを他の化合物に拡大する例として、対照(DMSO処理)細胞と比べたときのDC系統へのCD34+細胞の分化に及ぼす、レチノイン酸(ATRA)及びアスピリンの作用をActimid(商標)の作用と比較した。細胞の増殖及び分化に及ぼす作用が既知であること、一部の癌の治療に応用されていること、及び催奇形性作用が知られていることからレチノイン酸を検討した。逆に、免疫調節性をもたない一般に使用されている抗炎症剤であることからアスピリンの作用を検討した。SCF、Flt−3L、GM−CSF及びTNF−αの存在下で化合物を添加して又は添加しないで6日間培養したCD34+前駆細胞の第6日における結果を以下の表2に示す(上向きの矢印は細胞集団の増殖を示し、下向きの矢印は低減を示す)。
臍帯血細胞及び/又は胚様幹細胞は、増殖因子に曝露することによって特定の細胞型への分化が誘導される。誘導に用いる増殖因子は、限定するものではないが、GM−CSF、IL−4、Flt3L、CD40L、IFN−α、TNF−α、IFN−γ、IL−2、IL−6、レチノイン酸、塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子、TGF−β−1、TGF−β−3、肝細胞増殖因子、上皮増殖因子、カルジオトロピン−1、アンギオテンシノゲン、アンギオテンシンI(AI)、アンギオテンシンII(AII)、AII AT2 2型受容体アゴニスト、又はそれらの類似体若しくはフラグメントが挙げられる。
本実施例は、臍帯血細胞及び/又は胚様幹細胞のニューロンへの分化の誘導を説明する。以下のプロトコールを使用して、ニューロンの分化を誘導する:
1.胎盤幹細胞を、DMEM/20%FBS及び1mMβ−メルカプトエタノールからなる前誘導培地中で24時間増殖させる
2.前誘導培地を除去し、細胞をPBSで洗浄する
3.DMEM及び1〜10mMβ−メルカプトエタノールからなるニューロン誘導培地を添加する。あるいは、DMEM/2%DMSO/200μMブチル化ヒドロキシアニソールからなる誘導培地を使用して、ニューロンへの分化効率を増強しうる
4.特定の実施形態においては、形態変化及び分子変化は、血清不含培地及びβ−メルカプトエタノールに曝露後60分程度の早期に起こりうる(Woodburyら、J. Neurosci. Res.第61巻、364〜370ページ)。RT/PCRを使用して、例えば神経増殖因子受容体及び神経フィラメント重鎖遺伝子の発現を評価しうる。
本実施例は、臍帯血細胞及び/又は胚様幹細胞の脂肪細胞への分化の誘導を説明する。以下のプロトコールを使用して、脂肪形成分化を誘導する:
1.胎盤幹細胞を、15%臍帯血血清を添加したMSCGM(Bio Whittaker)又はDMEM中で増殖させる
2.誘導/維持のサイクルを3回行う。各サイクルは、脂質形成誘導培地(Bio Whittaker)を用いた胎盤幹細胞の供給、3日間の細胞培養(37℃、5%CO2)、その後、脂質形成維持培地(Bio Whittaker)における1〜3日間の培養から構成される。誘導培地は、1μMデキサメタゾン、0.2mMインドメタシン、0.01mg/mlインスリン、0.5mM IBMX、DMEM−高グルコース、FBS及び抗生物質を含むものを使用する
3.誘導/維持のサイクルを完全に3回実施した後、細胞を、脂質形成維持培地中で、2〜3日毎に培地を取り替えながらさらに7日間培養する
4.脂質形成は多数の細胞質内脂肪小胞の発生により評価することができ、これは、脂肪親和性染料のオイルレッドOを使用することにより簡便に観察しうる。RT/PCRアッセイを使用して、リパーゼ及び脂肪酸結合タンパク質の遺伝子の発現を調べる。
本実施例は、臍帯血細胞及び/又は胚様幹細胞の軟骨細胞への分化の誘導を説明する。以下のプロトコールを使用して、軟骨形成分化を誘導する:
1.胎盤幹細胞を、15%臍帯血血清を添加したMSCGM(Bio Whittaker)又はDMEM中で維持する
2.胎盤幹細胞を滅菌ポリプロピレンチューブに分注する。細胞を遠心(150×g、5分)し、不完全軟骨形成培地(Bio Whittaker)で2回洗浄する
3.最終洗浄後、細胞を、0.01μg/mlのTGF−β−3を含有する完全軟骨形成培地(Bio Whittaker)に5×105細胞/lの濃度で再懸濁する
4.0.5mlの細胞を15mlポリプロピレン培養チューブに分注する。細胞を150×gにて5分かけてペレット化する。ペレットを未処理のまま培地中で放置する
5.ゆるく締めたチューブを37℃にて5%CO2で24時間インキュベートする
6.細胞ペレットに、新たに調製した完全軟骨形成培地を2〜3日毎に供給する
7.ペレットを低速ボルテックスを用いて毎日振とうしながら培地中に懸濁して維持する
8.軟骨形成細胞のペレットを培養の14〜28日後に回収する
9.軟骨形成は、例えば、好酸性基質の産生の観察、細胞形態の評価、並びに/又はコラーゲン2及びコラーゲン9遺伝子発現を調べるためのRT/PCR、により特性決定しうる。
本実施例は、臍帯血細胞及び/又は胚様幹細胞の骨細胞への分化の誘導を説明する。以下のプロトコールを使用して、骨形成分化を誘導する:
1.胎盤幹細胞の接着培養物を、15%臍帯血血清を添加したMSCGM(Bio Whittaker)又はDMEM中で培養する
2.培養物を組織培養フラスコ中で24時間保管する
3.骨形成分化は、MSCGMを、0.1μMデキサメタゾン、0.05mMアスコルビン酸−2−リン酸、10mMβ−グリセロリン酸を含有する骨形成誘導培地(Bio Whittaker)に置き換えることにより誘導される
4.細胞に、2〜3週間にわたり、3〜4日毎に骨形成誘導培地を供給する
5.分化は、カルシウム特異的染色、並びにアルカリホスファターゼ及びオステオポンチン遺伝子発現についてのRT/PCRを用いてアッセイする。
本実施例は、臍帯血細胞及び/又は胚様幹細胞の肝細胞への分化の誘導を説明する。以下のプロトコールを使用して、肝形成分化を誘導する:
1.胎盤幹細胞を、肝細胞増殖因子(20ng/ml)及び上皮増殖因子(100ng/ml)を添加したDMEM/20%CBS中で培養する。ノックアウト血清置換(KnockOut Serum Replacement)をFBSの代わりに使用してもよい
2.IL−6(50ng/ml)を誘導フラスコに添加する。
本実施例は、臍帯血細胞及び/又は胚様幹細胞の膵臓細胞への分化の誘導を説明する。以下のプロトコールを使用して、膵臓への分化を誘導する:
1.胎盤幹細胞を、塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子(10ng/ml)及びトランスフォーミング増殖因子β−1(2ng/ml)を添加したDMEM/20%CBS中で培養する。ノックアウト血清置換をCBSの代わりに使用してもよい
2.ネスチン陽性神経細胞培養物からの条件培地を50/50濃度で培地に添加する
3.細胞を3〜4日毎に培地を供給しながら14〜28日間培養する
4.分化は、RT/PCRを用いたインスリンタンパク質又はインスリン遺伝子発現についてのアッセイにより評価する。
本実施例は、臍帯血細胞及び/又は胚様幹細胞の心臓細胞への分化の誘導を説明する。以下のプロトコールを使用して、筋組織への分化を誘導する:
1.胎盤幹細胞を、レチノイン酸(1μM)、塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子(10ng/ml)及びトランスフォーミング増殖因子β−1(2ng/ml)、及び上皮増殖因子(100ng/ml)を添加したDMEM/20%CBS中で培養する。ノックアウト血清置換をCBSの代わりに使用してもよい
2.あるいは、胎盤幹細胞を、50ng/mlカルジオトロピン−1を添加したDMEM/20%CBS中で24時間培養する
3.あるいは、胎盤幹細胞をタンパク質不含培地中で5〜7日間維持し、ヒト心筋抽出物で刺激(上昇する用量分析)する。心筋抽出物は、1%臍帯血血清を添加した1%HEPESバッファー中で1gのヒト心筋をホモジネートすることにより調製する。懸濁液を60分間インキュベートした後、遠心し、上清を回収する
4.細胞を、3〜4日毎に培地交換しながら10〜14日間培養する
5.分化は、RT/PCRによる心筋アクチンの遺伝子発現アッセイを用いて評価する。
胚様幹細胞、臍帯血細胞、及び/又は胚様幹細胞で刺激(spike)した臍帯血細胞集団を、その分化の前及び/又は後に、形態の変化及び細胞表面マーカーの変化をフローサイトメトリー及び免疫細胞化学などにより判定することにより、並びに遺伝子発現の変化をPCRなどの技術を用いて測定することにより特性決定する。増殖因子に曝露し及び/又は分化した細胞は、以下の細胞表面マーカーの存在又は不在により特性決定する:CD10+、CD29+、CD34−、CD38−、CD44+、CD45−、CD54+、CD90+、SH2+、SH3+、SH4+、SSEA3−、SSEA4−、OCT−4+、及びABC−p+。好ましくは、胚様幹細胞を、分化の前に細胞表面マーカーOCT−4+、APC−p+、CD34−及びCD38−の存在により特性決定する。これらのマーカーを有する幹細胞は、ヒト胚幹細胞のように多目的(例えば分化多能性)である。臍帯血細胞は、分化の前に細胞表面マーカーCD34+及びCD38+の存在により特性決定する。胚様幹細胞、臍帯血細胞及び/又は胚様幹細胞で刺激した臍帯血細胞の集団から誘導される分化細胞は、好ましくはこれらのマーカーを発現しない。
本明細書において引用した全ての参考文献は、各刊行物、特許又は特許出願が全ての目的でその全体が参照によって組み入れられることが特にまた個々に示されているかのごとく同程度に、全ての目的で、その全体が参照によって本明細書に組み入れられる。
Claims (107)
- 哺乳動物の幹細胞の分化をモジュレートする方法であって、適切な条件下及びTNF−α活性を阻害する化合物の存在下で幹細胞を分化させるステップを含み、前記化合物が、ポリペプチド、ペプチド、タンパク質、ホルモン、サイトカイン、オリゴヌクレオチド、又は核酸ではない、上記方法。
- 前記幹細胞を造血細胞に分化させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が、胚幹細胞、胎盤幹細胞、臍帯血幹細胞、末梢血幹細胞、及び骨髄幹細胞からなる群より選択されるものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物がアミノ置換サリドマイド類似体又はアミノ置換イソインドリンである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アミノ置換サリドマイドが、1−オキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−5−アミノイソインドリン、1−オキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−4−アミノイソインドリン、1−オキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−6−アミノイソインドリン、1−オキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−5−アミノイソインドリン、1,3−ジオキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−4−アミノイソインドリン、及び1,3−ジオキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−5−アミノイソインドリンからなる群より選択されるものである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記接触ステップが細胞培養物において行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記接触ステップが個体内で行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物の濃度が約0.005μg/ml〜約5mg/mlである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞がヒト幹細胞である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 哺乳動物のCD34+若しくはCD133+前駆細胞の増殖又は分化をモジュレートする方法であって、増殖又は分化に適する条件下及びTNF−α活性を阻害する化合物の存在下で前記細胞を増殖又は分化させるステップを含み、前記化合物が、ポリペプチド、ペプチド、タンパク質、ホルモン、サイトカイン、オリゴヌクレオチド、又は核酸ではない、上記方法。
- 前記前駆細胞がCD34+前駆細胞及びCD133+前駆細胞からなる群より選択されるものである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞をCD34+CD38−CD33+又はCD34+CD38−CD33−細胞に分化させる、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物類似体がアミノ置換サリドマイド類似体又はアミノ置換イソインドリンである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物が、1−オキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−5−アミノイソインドリン、1−オキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−4−アミノイソインドリン、1−オキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−6−アミノイソインドリン、1−オキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−5−アミノイソインドリン、1,3−ジオキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−4−アミノイソインドリン、及び1,3−ジオキソ−2−(2,6−ジオキソピペリジン−3−イル)−5−アミノイソインドリンからなる群より選択されるものである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記接触ステップが細胞培養物において行われる、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記接触ステップが個体内で行われる、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞が前記個体に移植された細胞である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記接触ステップが、対照と比較して分化又は増殖に検出可能な差異を生じるのに十分である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+又はCD133+前駆細胞が前記分化ステップの前に凍結保存し解凍したものである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- CD34+又はCD133+前駆細胞の分化をモジュレートする方法であって、
(a)分化が起こり得る条件下で前記前駆細胞の集団を準備するステップ、
(b)前記前駆細胞と、アミノ置換サリドマイド類似体又はアミノ置換イソインドリンである化合物とを接触させるステップ、
(c)分化に適した条件下で前記前駆細胞を分化させるステップであって、前記化合物が、前記前駆細胞が分化する期間の少なくとも一時期の間にわたり前記前駆細胞と接触させて配置される、分化ステップ、
を含む、上記方法。 - ステップ(b)において、前記接触を培養第0日〜第6日の間の任意の時期に実施する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- ステップ(b)において、前記接触を前記前駆細胞の培養開始時に実施する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- ステップ(b)において、前記接触を前記前駆細胞を少なくとも2日間増殖させた後に実施する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- ステップ(b)において、前記接触を前記前駆細胞を少なくとも6日間増殖させた後に実施する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞がCD34+前駆細胞である、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞を、
対照と比較してCD11cの発現が低減、
対照と比較してCD38の発現が低減、
対照と比較してCD80の発現が低減、
対照と比較してCD86の発現が低減、
対照と比較してCD1aの発現が低減、
対照と比較してCD14の発現が低減、
対照と比較してCD54brightの発現が低減、
対照と比較してHLA−DRの発現が低減、
対照と比較してCD15の発現が増大、
対照と比較してCD33の発現が増大、
対照と比較してCD54dimの発現が増大、
対照と比較してCD133の発現が増大、及び
上記マーカー特性のいずれかの組合せ、
からなる群より選択される細胞表面マーカー特性を示す細胞へと分化させるものであり、
ここで前記対照は、前記化合物の不在下で前記前駆細胞と同じ条件下で培養したCD34+前駆細胞である、請求項22に記載の方法。 - 前記前駆細胞をCD34+CD38−CD33+又はCD34+CD38−CD33−細胞へと分化させる、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記サリドマイド類似体がActimid(商標)又はRevimid(商標)である、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 哺乳動物被験体において前駆細胞集団を増殖させる方法であって、治療上有効な量のCD34+前駆細胞とTNF−α活性を阻害する化合物とを前記哺乳動物被験体に投与するステップを含み、前記化合物が、ポリペプチド、ペプチド、タンパク質、ホルモン、サイトカイン、オリゴヌクレオチド、又は核酸ではない、上記方法。
- 前記CD34+前駆細胞を前記哺乳動物被験体中で分化させる、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+前駆細胞を、赤血球を実質的に含まない細胞調製物の形態で前記哺乳動物被験体に投与する、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+前駆細胞を、骨髄細胞、胎盤細胞、又は臍帯血細胞を含む細胞調製物の形態で前記哺乳動物被験体に投与する、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+前駆細胞を、担体と共に前記哺乳動物被験体に投与する、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+前駆細胞がCD34+CD38−CD33+又はCD34+CD38−CD33−前駆細胞である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+細胞がCD34+CD133+前駆細胞である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞が組み込まれている目的の遺伝物質を発現するものである、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 哺乳動物幹細胞及び薬学的に許容される担体を含む医薬組成物であって、前記幹細胞が、前記幹細胞の分化又は増殖をモジュレートするのに十分な時間にわたりTNF−α活性を阻害する化合物と接触させたものであって、前記化合物は、ポリペプチド、ペプチド、タンパク質、ホルモン、サイトカイン、オリゴヌクレオチド、又は核酸ではない、上記医薬組成物。
- 前記幹細胞が、胚幹細胞、胎盤幹細胞、臍帯血幹細胞、末梢血幹細胞、及び骨髄幹細胞からなる群より選択されるものである、請求項39に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記接触ステップが細胞培養物において行われる、請求項39に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物の濃度が約0.005mg/ml〜約5mg/mlである、請求項39に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記幹細胞がヒト幹細胞である、請求項39に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記分化が造血細胞への分化である、請求項39に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記造血細胞がCD34+又はCD38+造血細胞である、請求項45に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記造血細胞がCD11b+細胞である、請求項45に記載の医薬組成物。
- 単離された臍帯血細胞と単離された白血球集団とを含む医薬組成物であって、前記白血球が、適切な条件下及びTNF−α活性を阻害する化合物の存在下で幹細胞を分化させるステップであって、前記化合物が、ポリペプチド、ペプチド、タンパク質、ホルモン、サイトカイン、オリゴヌクレオチド、又は核酸ではない上記分化ステップと、それによって分化した前記白血球を単離するステップとを含む方法によって生成されるものである、上記医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物がイミド又はアミドである、請求項48に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記分化ステップが細胞培養物において行われる、請求項48に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物の濃度が約0.005μg/ml〜約5mg/mlである、請求項48に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記幹細胞がヒト幹細胞である、請求項48に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記幹細胞が前駆細胞である、請求項48に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記前駆細胞を特定の細胞系統にする(committed)、請求項53に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記前駆細胞が造血前駆細胞である、請求項54に記載の医薬組成物。
- 培養されたCD34+又はCD133+前駆細胞及び薬学的に許容される担体を含む医薬組成物であって、前記前駆細胞が、培養して最初の6日間以内に、前記前駆細胞の増殖及び分化を促進する条件下でTNF−α活性を阻害する化合物と接触させたものである、上記医薬組成物。
- 前記前駆細胞が培養して6日後に回収され凍結保存されたものである、請求項56に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記前駆細胞がCD34+CD38−CD34−又はCD34+CD38−CD34+細胞である、請求項56に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物がサリドマイド又はサリドマイド類似体である、請求項56に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物がActimid(商標)又はRevimid(商標)である、請求項56に記載の医薬組成物。
- 哺乳動物幹細胞の移植方法であって、
(a)前記幹細胞とサリドマイド又はサリドマイド類似体とを接触させて、処理幹細胞を生成するステップであって、その接触が前記幹細胞の分化をモジュレートするのに十分である、上記ステップ、
(b)前記処理幹細胞を個体に投与するステップ、
を含む、上記方法。 - ステップ(b)が、前記処理幹細胞と併せて未処理細胞を投与することを含む、請求項61に記載の方法。
- 前記未処理細胞が、胚幹細胞、胎盤細胞、臍帯血細胞、末梢血細胞、及び骨髄細胞からなる群より選択されるものである、請求項61に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が前記投与ステップの前に凍結保存し解凍されたものである、請求項61に記載の方法。
- 哺乳動物前駆細胞の移植方法であって、
(a)前記前駆細胞とサリドマイド又はサリドマイド類似体とを接触させて、処理前駆細胞を生成するステップであって、その接触が前記前駆細胞の分化をモジュレートするのに十分である、上記ステップ、
(b)前記処理前駆細胞を個体に投与するステップ、
を含む、上記方法。 - ステップ(b)が、前記処理前駆細胞と併せて未処理細胞を投与することを含む、請求項65に記載の方法。
- 前記未処理細胞が、胚幹細胞、胎盤細胞、臍帯血細胞、末梢血細胞、及び骨髄細胞からなる群より選択されるものである、請求項65に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が前記投与の前に凍結保存し解凍されたものである、請求項65に記載の方法。
- ある症状に罹患している個体の治療方法であって、前記個体に、
(a)前記幹細胞の分化又は増殖をモジュレートするのに十分な時間にわたる、ポリペプチド、ペプチド、タンパク質、ホルモン、サイトカイン、オリゴヌクレオチド、又は核酸ではない、TNF−α活性を阻害する化合物、
(b)前記化合物の存在下で分化させた幹細胞、及び
(c)前記化合物の存在下で分化させた前駆細胞、
からなる群より選択される作用物質を投与するステップを含み、
前記作用物質が、前記症状を検出可能な程度に軽減又は改善するものである、上記方法。 - 前記症状が炎症である、請求項69に記載の方法。
- 個体の治療方法であって、レシピエント哺乳動物被験体に治療上有効な量の白血球を投与するステップを含み、前記白血球が、適切な条件下及びTNF−α活性を阻害する化合物の存在下で幹細胞を分化させるステップであって、前記化合物が、ポリペプチド、ペプチド、タンパク質、ホルモン、サイトカイン、オリゴヌクレオチド、又は核酸ではない、分化ステップを含む方法によって生成されるものである、上記方法。
- 前記幹細胞をin vitroで分化させる、請求項71に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞を、灌流を行った分娩後胎盤において分化させる、請求項71に記載の方法。
- 前記白血球を、赤血球を実質的に含まない細胞調製物の形態で前記個体に投与する、請求項71に記載の方法。
- 前記白血球を、臍帯血細胞を含む細胞調製物の形態で前記個体に投与する、請求項71に記載の方法。
- 前記白血球細胞を担体と共に前記個体に投与する、請求項71に記載の方法。
- 前記白血球を投与して、レシピエント哺乳動物被験体の欠陥を治療又は修復する、請求項71に記載の方法。
- 前記欠陥が造血細胞又は血球の増殖異常である、請求項77に記載の方法。
- 前記造血細胞又は血球の増殖異常が好中球減少又は白血球減少である、請求項77に記載の方法。
- 前記白血球を全身投与する、請求項77に記載の方法。
- 前記白血球を静脈内投与する、請求項77に記載の方法。
- 前記白血球が組み込まれている目的の遺伝物質を発現するものである、請求項77に記載の方法。
- 前記白血球が同種異系である、請求項71に記載の方法。
- 前記レシピエント哺乳動物被験体がヒトである、請求項71に記載の方法。
- CD34+前駆細胞から分化細胞を作製する方法であって、増殖及び分化を可能にする培地中で前記細胞を培養するステップ、並びに前記前駆細胞とActimid(商標)若しくはRevimid(商標)とを接触させるステップを含む、上記方法。
- 前記接触ステップを前記培養の初日に実施する、請求項85に記載の方法。
- 前記接触ステップを前記培養の最初の6日間に少なくとも2回実施する、請求項85に記載の方法。
- 前記接触ステップを前記培養初日よりも早期に実施しない、請求項85に記載の方法。
- 前記分化細胞が、樹状細胞、顆粒球、CD34+CD38−CD33+又はCD34+CD38−CD33−細胞である、請求項85に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+前駆細胞がCD34+CD133+前駆細胞である、請求項85に記載の方法。
- 前記分化細胞を培養第6日に単離する、請求項85に記載の方法。
- 前記分化細胞を培養第12日に単離する、請求項85に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34+細胞が前記培養ステップの前に他の血球から単離されたものである、請求項85に記載の方法。
- 前記培地がさらにGM−CSF及びTNF−αを含有する、請求項85に記載の方法。
- 前記Actimid(商標)が0.1μM〜10.0μMの濃度で存在する、請求項85に記載の方法。
- 前記Actimid(商標)が1.0μMの濃度で存在する、請求項85に記載の方法。
- 医薬組成物の製造方法であって、
(a)CD34+又はCD133+前駆細胞とTNF−α活性を阻害する化合物とを接触させるステップであって、前記前駆細胞を、その増殖及び分化を可能にする培養条件下で6日間培養するものである、接触ステップ、
(b)培養して6日後に前記細胞を回収するステップ、
(c)前記細胞を薬学的に許容される担体中に配置するステップ、
を含む、上記方法。 - 前記接触ステップを培養初日に実施する、請求項97に記載の方法。
- 前記接触ステップを、前記培養の6日間に少なくとも2回実施する、請求項97に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物がサリドマイド又はサリドマイド類似体である、請求項97に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物がActimid(商標)又はRevimid(商標)である、請求項97に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞が前記培養の前に他の血球から単離されたものである、請求項97に記載の方法。
- 前記培地がさらにGM−CSF及びTNF−αを含有する、請求項97に記載の方法。
- 前記Actimid(商標)又はRevimid(商標)が0.1μM〜10.0μMの濃度で存在する、請求項101に記載の方法。
- 前記Actimid(商標)又はRevimid(商標)が1.0μMの濃度で存在する、請求項101に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を前記回収ステップの後に凍結保存する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 請求項97に記載の方法によって製造された医薬組成物。
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JP2009536824A (ja) * | 2006-05-11 | 2009-10-22 | 直子 武部 | 臍帯血幹細胞の回収方法及び使用方法 |
JP2009538318A (ja) * | 2006-05-26 | 2009-11-05 | セルジーン・コーポレーション | 併用療法において免疫調節化合物を用いる方法及び組成物 |
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Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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