JP2005516013A - 作用剤の輸送の制御及び吸収の向上のための逆ミセル送達システム - Google Patents
作用剤の輸送の制御及び吸収の向上のための逆ミセル送達システム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、関心のある作用剤の制御された徐放のための膜貫通性輸送の送達システム、並びに該送達システムを調製するための組成物及び方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、本発明は、関心のある作用剤を使用環境に分配するための逆ミセル輸送システムを提供する。
i)関心のある治療剤で送達システムを製剤化すること;と
ii)関心のある治療剤を含む送達システムを、それを必要とする対象に投与することとを含む。
投与工程は、経口投与を含むが、これに限定されない。
逆ミセルは、極性の核を有し、[水]/[界面活性剤]の比(W)に依存する溶媒特性を持ち、高度に極性の水溶性化合物(例えば、タンパク質、酵素、イオン化した薬剤、化学触媒及び開始剤のような親水性物質)及び時には普通不溶性の両親媒性化合物でさえ溶媒和することができる。低いW値では、界面活性剤分子におけるイオン性の基及び対イオン核との会合のために、ミセル中の水は高度に構造化される。ミセル核における環境は、大きな対イオンの濃度のためにイオン性流体の環境に似ている。大きなW値では、膨潤ミセル(またはマイクロエマルション)は、識別可能な第3の溶媒環境を提供し、生物体水(bulk water)の特性に近い、自由水の核を有すると考えられている。特定の酵素及び極性化合物は、大量の水で膨潤させた逆ミセルによってしか可溶化されない(約10より大きいW)。
本発明の逆ミセル送達システムが水又はそのほかの生物学的流体のような環境の外部流体に接触し始めると、イオン性両親媒性物質の爆発的放出又は漸次の放出が生じてもよい。さらなるイオン性両親媒性物質と関心のある作用剤の同時放出がそれに続く。
i)例えば、圧縮若しくは粉砕によって作製されたマトリクス型の固体緻密体、又は湿式若しくは乾式の押し出しで作製されたマトリクス型の押し出し球状体;
ii)造粒された、又はマイクロカプセルに入れて形成された、固体緻密体に圧縮してもよく、又はカプセルに充填されてもよい粒子状物質;又は
iii)カプセルに充填された、又は好適な液体ビヒクルに懸濁された、乾燥混合物を含む球状体、緻密体
であってもよい。
さらに、本明細書で記載するように、送達システムは、必要に応じて送達放出の速度及び持続時間を達成する好適な作用剤と組み合わせてもよい。いかなる様式でも限定とはみなされない例については、遅延放出のためにヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタレート(HPMCP55)を添加してもよい(実施例1Bを参照のこと)。当業者に既知であろうそのほかの添加物を加えてもよい。
i)関心のある極性治療剤と共に送達システムを製剤化すること;及び
ii)治療剤を含む送達システムを、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む。
単純なマトリクス錠剤の製造方法によって逆ミセル送達システムを調製することができる。先ず、関心のある作用剤をスクリーニングしてイオン性両親媒性物質に適した粒度分布を得る。スクリーニングした作用剤を高剪断力ミキサーで約2〜5分間十分に混合する。得られた混合物を均質性について調べる。得られた混合物をさらに、ポリマーのマトリクス組成物を形成するのに必要とされるそのほかの好適な賦形剤と混合する。任意で、例えば、湿式造粒、乾式造粒、加熱融解造粒又は押し出し造粒のような多数の従来の造粒技術によってポリマー組成物を達成してもよい。どんな方法であれ、マトリクス組成物をさらに滑らかにし、好適な錠剤プレスで圧縮して緻密体を形成してもよい。所望のポリマー及びイオン性両親媒性物質から成るポリマー組成物でそのような緻密体をさらに被覆してもよい。被覆技術は、当該技術の範囲内で既知である。
a)イオン性両親媒性物質−極性作用剤の混合物の調製
b)ポリマーのマトリクス成分の調製
c)a)とb)を混合し又は造粒して逆ミセルの混合物又は顆粒を形成すること
d)混合物を好適な緻密体に圧縮すること
e)被覆ポリマー−イオン性両親媒性物質の組成物の調製
f)被覆調製物e)によって緻密体を被覆すること
を含むが、これらに限定されない。
従来のUSP溶解試験は、送達システムからの試験管内での薬剤放出を評価することができる。以下の試験条件を使用する:
試験媒体:リン酸緩衝液pH6.8又は脱イオン水pH7
容積:900ml又は1000ml
温度:摂氏37度±0.5度
撹拌速度:40rpm、50rpm又は100rpm
装置の型:II型(パドル式)又はI型(バスケット式)
本発明に係る新規の逆ミセルは単相水性流体環境において形成される。これらの逆ミセルは親油性の生体膜を横切って輸送可能である。本発明に係る逆ミセルの存在及び輸送性を実証するために、図3に示す二相の水−オクタノールシステムを用いて実験を行い、水相で形成された逆ミセルの有機相への輸送をモニターした。水/オクタノールシステムを用いて、水性/親油性の生体膜の界面を模倣し、本発明の逆ミセルが生体内でそれを介して輸送される。
この実験では、極性の酸性染料と陽イオン系界面活性剤(両親媒性化合物)を最初に水性層に加えて着色された溶液を形成した。その後、オクタノールの層をゆっくり加えて、水性の着色溶液の上に透明の識別可能な層を形成した。双方の液層を50rpmで撹拌した。4mlの試料を上の層(オクタノール)から取り、染料含量について480nmにて分光光度的に分析した。試料採取時間は、水性層における化合物の溶解後、30分、60分、90分、120分、150分、180分、240分、300分、360分及び420分であった。オクタノール相への染料の移動は、時間経過に伴うオクタノール層の色の変化を視覚的にモニターすることによっても追跡した。陽イオン系界面活性剤(両親媒性物質)が存在しない対照実験も同時に行った。実験の結果を図4に示す。実験の設定に関する具体的な詳細を以下に示す。
使用量:20.52mg又は0mg(対照)
極性の酸性染料:2−ヒドロキシ−1−(4−スルホネートフェニルアゾ)ナフタレン
−6−スルホネート2ナトリウム(サンセットイエロー又はFD&Cイエロー#6;p H7の脱イオン水中、485nmで最大吸収)使用量:30.32mg
試験系:二層の水−オクタノール溶解媒体に加えて二重パドル撹拌子から成る改変USP II型溶解装置
水性媒体:600mlの脱イオン水(pH7)
親油性媒体:400mlのオクタノール
温度:37℃
回転速度:50rpm
この実験では、極性の塩基性染料と陰イオン系界面活性剤(両親媒性化合物)を最初に水性層に加えて着色された溶液を形成した。その後、オクタノールの層をゆっくり加えて、水性の着色溶液の上に透明の識別可能な層を形成した。双方の液層を50rpmで撹拌した。4mlの試料を上の層(オクタノール)から取り、染料含量について480nmにて分光光度的に分析した。試料採取時間は、水性層における化合物の溶解後、30分、60分、90分、120分、150分、180分、240分、300分、360分及び420分であった。オクタノール層への染料の移動は、時間経過に伴ったオクタノール層の色の変化を視覚的にモニターすることによっても追跡した。陰イオン系界面活性剤(両親媒性物質)が存在しない対照実験も同時に行った。実験の結果を図5に示す。実験の設定に関する具体的な詳細を以下に示す。
使用量:20.62mg又は0mg(対照)
極性の塩基性作用剤:塩化3,7−ビス(ジメチルアミノ)フェノチアジン−5−イウム
(ベーシックブルー9、メチレンブルーUSP、668nm及び690nmで最大吸収 )
使用量:30.15mg
試験系:二層の水−オクタノール溶解媒体に加えて二重パドル撹拌子から成る改変USP II型溶解装置
水性媒体:600mlの脱イオン水(pH7)
親油性媒体:400mlのオクタノール
温度:37℃
回転速度:50rpm
この実験では、上述のように調製したメトフォルミン500mgの錠剤を水性相(脱イオン水又はリン酸緩衝液)に投入し、溶解させた。その後、オクタノールの層をゆっくり加え、水性層の上に識別可能な層を形成した。二重パドルの撹拌装置を用いて双方の層を同時に確実に撹拌した。上(オクタノール)の層から5mlの試料を取り、メトフォルミン含量について232nmで分光光度的に分析した。試料採取時間は、水性層に錠剤を溶解した後、30分間隔であった。従来技術の製剤、グルコファージXR(メトフォルミン500mg)と共に同様の実験を行った。実験の結果を図6に示す。実験の設定に関する具体的な詳細を以下に示す。
容器:4000ml、2000ml又は1000mlのガラス製ビーカー
撹拌子:二重パドルの回転シャフト
温度:摂氏37度±摂氏0.5度
撹拌の速度:40rpm又は50rpm
試験媒体:水性相:900ml又は600mlの脱イオン水(pH7)、PBS(pH6.8)、又は好適な水性媒体。油相:400ml又は200mlのオクタノール又は好適な親油性媒体。水性相と油相の比は実験的に決定することができ、1:0.25〜1:1の範囲内であってもよい。
逆ミセルメトフォルミンHCLの形成
メトフォルミンは、インスリン非依存性糖尿病又はII型糖尿病(NIDDM)の治療に使用されるビグアニド部類の血糖降下剤である。即放性投薬形態及び徐放性投薬形態はそれぞれ、グルコファージ(TM−ブリストルマイヤーズスクイブ)及びグルコファージXR(TM−ブリストルマイヤーズスクイブ)のように普通、塩酸塩の形態で市販されている。
Claims (21)
- 逆ミセル及び関心のある極性作用剤を含む膜貫通性の送達システム。
- 前記逆ミセルが少なくとも一つのイオン性両親媒性化合物を含んでおり、前記関心のある極性作用剤が少なくとも一つの極性のイオン化可能な作用剤を含んでいる請求項1の送達システム。
- 前記両親媒性化合物が流体環境でミセルを形成することが可能である陰イオン系界面活性剤である請求項2の送達システム。
- 前記両親媒性化合物が流体環境でミセルを形成することが可能である陽イオン系界面活性剤である請求項2の送達システム。
- 前記関心のある作用剤が、pH7.4にて水とオクタノールとの間での約10未満の分配係数を特徴とする請求項2の送達システム。
- 前記両親媒性化合物が約0.5重量%〜約500重量%の量で存在する請求項2の送達システム。
- 前記作用剤が、クラスIIIの生物製剤学的分類の治療上活性のある化合物であり、高い溶解性及び低い透過性を呈する請求項2の送達システム。
- 関心のある作用剤が複数の別個の活性粒子を含む請求項2の送達システム。
- 前記両親媒性化合物が、陰イオン系界面活性剤、陽イオン系界面活性剤及び両性イオン系界面活性剤より成る群から選択されるイオン系界面活性剤又はイオン系界面活性剤の混合物である請求項2の送達システム。
- 陰イオン系界面活性剤が、ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム又はカリウム、オクタデシル硫酸ナトリウム、ビス(2−エチルヘキシル)スルホコハク酸ナトリウム(AOT)、及びこれらの組み合わせより成る群から選択される請求項9の送達システム。
- 陽イオン系界面活性剤が、臭化ジドデシルジメチルアンモニウム(DDAB)、臭化セチル−トリアンモニウム(CTAB)、臭化セチルピリジニウム(CPB)、塩化ドデシルトリメチルアンモニウム(DOTAC)、パーフルオロノナン酸ナトリウム(SPFN)、臭化ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウム(HDTMA)、又はこれらの組み合わせより成る群から選択される請求項9の送達システム。
- 固形の錠剤、マトリクス錠剤、顆粒又はカプセルへと製剤されている請求項9の送達システム。
- 一つ又はそれより多くの薬学上許容可能な賦形剤をさらに含んでなる請求項9の送達システム。
- 前記一つ又はそれより多くの薬学上許容可能な賦形剤が、一つ又はそれより多くの粘度増強剤、腸溶性ポリマー、pH特異的バリアポリマー、希釈剤、付着防止剤、流動促進剤、結合剤、可溶化剤、チャネリング剤、湿潤剤、緩衝剤、芳香剤、吸収剤、甘味剤、着色剤、潤滑剤及びこれらの組み合わせより成る群から選択される請求項13の送達システム。
- 関心のある作用剤が、一つ又はそれより多くの鎮痛剤、抗炎症剤、抗菌剤、抗アメーバ剤、殺トリコモナス剤、抗パーキンソン剤、抗マラリア剤、痙攣防止剤、抗うつ剤、関節炎防止剤、抗真菌剤、血圧降下剤、解熱剤、抗寄生虫剤、抗ヒスタミン剤、αアドレナリン作動薬、αブロッカー、麻酔剤、気管支拡張剤、殺生剤、殺菌剤、静菌剤、βアドレナリン作用性ブロッカー、カルシウムチャンネルブロッカー、循環器薬、避妊薬、充血緩和剤、利尿剤、抑制剤、診断薬、電解質、睡眠薬、ホルモン、高血糖薬、筋弛緩薬、筋収縮薬、眼科薬、副交感神経様作用薬、精神賦活剤、鎮静剤、交感神経様作用薬、精神安定剤、泌尿器薬、膣薬、殺ウイルス剤、ビタミン、非ステロイド系抗炎症剤、アンギオテンシン変換酵素阻害剤、ポリペプチド、タンパク質、催眠薬及びこれらの組み合わせより成る群から選択される請求項2の送達システム。
- システムが、圧縮法若しくは粉砕法によって作製されるマトリクス型の固形緻密体、又は乾式若しくは湿式の押し出し法によって作製されるマトリクス型の押し出し球状体から導かれる請求項9の送達システム。
- 前記システムが、固形緻密体に圧縮されてもよく、又はカプセルに充填されてもよい粒子状物質を形成するべく造粒され又はマイクロカプセルに入れられている請求項9の送達システム。
- 前記投薬形態が、造粒混合物、粒子状混合物、球状体混合物、緻密体混合物及び乾燥混合物より成る群から選択され、前記システムをカプセルに充填することができる、又は好適な液体ビヒクルに懸濁することができる請求項9の送達システム。
- 一つ又はそれより多くの治療剤を、それが必要である対象に送達するための請求項2の送達システムの使用。
- i)関心のある作用剤が治療剤を含むような請求項2の送達システムを製剤化することと;
ii)前記送達システムをそれが必要である対象に投与することとを含んでいる、治療剤をそれが必要である対象に送達する方法。 - 前記投与が経口投与を含む請求項20の方法。
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WO2003051333A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
EP2221047A1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
EP1453481A1 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
US20030113366A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
AU2002350317B2 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
JP2010163450A (ja) | 2010-07-29 |
AU2002350317A1 (en) | 2003-06-30 |
CA2468788A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
US20050255156A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
CA2468788C (en) | 2007-02-27 |
WO2003051333B1 (en) | 2003-09-12 |
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