JP2005515114A - 車両のハイブリッドドライブを制御する方法 - Google Patents
車両のハイブリッドドライブを制御する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005515114A JP2005515114A JP2003561910A JP2003561910A JP2005515114A JP 2005515114 A JP2005515114 A JP 2005515114A JP 2003561910 A JP2003561910 A JP 2003561910A JP 2003561910 A JP2003561910 A JP 2003561910A JP 2005515114 A JP2005515114 A JP 2005515114A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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- B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
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- B60W10/113—Stepped gearings with two input flow paths, e.g. double clutch transmission selection of one of the torque flow paths by the corresponding input clutch
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
- F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
- F16H3/0915—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft with coaxial input and output shafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16H3/728—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
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- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
- F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
- F16H37/0826—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts with only one output shaft
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Abstract
ここでは車両のドライブトレインにマイナスのトルク要求(ブレーキング)がなされる場合、ジェネレータ動作モードにおいて上記の少なくとも1つの電気機械(16)とトランスミッションとを特性マップベースで駆動制御する。
Description
車両に対するハイブリッドドライブは公知である。ここで話題にするハイブリッドドライブでは、内燃機関と、少なくとも1つの電気機械とが組み合わされており、車両は複数の駆動源を利用することができる。ここでは車両のドライバによってあらかじめ与えられた要求に相応して上記の駆動源はその駆動トルクを車両のドライブトレインに供給することができる。これにより、それ自体公知のように具体的な走行状況に依存してさまざまな駆動構成形態が得られ、この駆動構成形態は、例えば、走行快適性の改善および使用するエネルギーの低減ならびに有害物質放出の低減に役立つのである。
請求項1に記載した特徴的構成を有する本発明の方法により、ブレーキエネルギー回生によって車両のエネルギー消費を低減できるという利点が得られる。車両のドライブトレインにマイナスのトルク要求がなされる場合、ジェネレータ動作モードにおいて少なくとも1つの電気機械を特性マップベースで駆動制御することにより、有利にも最適化された制御量を上記の少なくとも1つの電気機械に対して導出することができる。ここでこの制御量は目標ブレーキトルクから導出される。この際に殊に重要であるのは、ジェネレータ動作する電気機械により、可能な限りに大きなエネルギーが車両の車載電源に入力されるようにすることである。例えば、ここでは最適な回生ブレーキストラテジを発動することができ、少なくとも1つの電気機械を特性マップベースで駆動制御することによって、さまざまなブレーキストラテジ、例えば、純粋な回生ブレーキング、回生であると同時に機械式でもあるブレーキング、または純粋な機械式ブレーキングを実現することができる。所望の目標ブレーキトルクを精確に変換しながら、選択したブレーキモードに相応する最大可能なブレーキエネルギー回生を都度行うことができる。このブレーキエネルギー回生は、電気機械のジェネレータ動作を介して車載電源に、また場合によっては自動車バッテリに供給することができるため、得られるこのブレーキエネルギーに対して、外部の付加的なエネルギー需要、例えば内燃機関の動作を介するエネルギー需要を調達する必要ない。このことは全体的に燃料消費の低減化と、ひいては車両の有害物質放出の低減化とに貢献する。
本発明を以下、所属の図面に基づき、実施例で詳しく説明する。ここで、
図1は、車両のブレーキシステムおよびハイブリッドドライブを制御するためのブロック回路図を示しており、
図2は、具体的な実施例におけるハイブリッドドライブの概略図を示しており、
図3は、図2の実施例による電気機械の制御特性マップを示しており、
図4は、図2の実施例によるトランスミッションの切換特性マップを示している。
図1には、ブロック回路図で車両のドライブトレインおよびブレーキシステムが概略的に示されている。ここで話題にしている車両にはハイブリッドドライブ10が含まれており、このハイブリッドドライブには内燃機関12、トランスミッション14および少なくとも1つの電気機械16が含まれている。電気機械16は、この車両の車載電源に組み込まれたトラクションバッテリ18に接続されており、電気機械は、モータ動作時に電気エネルギーをこのバッテリから引き出すか、ないしはジェネレータ動作時にはこのバッテリに電気エネルギーを供給する。さらに電気機械16(内燃機関12も)は、冷却循環路20に組み込まれており、この循環路を冷却媒体、例えば水が流れる。
1. ドライブアクスルにおける純粋な回生ブレーキングであるが、機械的出力は十分ではなく、電気機械16をジェネレータ動作で駆動して電気機械の変換損失をカバーすることはできない。電気機械16はジェネレータ動作で動作しているのにかかわらず、この電気機械には、車載電源から付加的に電力を供給しなければならない。
MMaxReg(VFzg) = min(MMaxGen(VFzg),MmaxLad(VFzg))
から得られる。ここでMMaxGen(v)は電気機械16の最大トルク特性曲線を表し、MmaxLad(v)は、最大のバッテリ充電電流IBatを形成することのできるトルクを表す。ここでは最小の限界トルク特性曲線MMinReg(v)を考慮することも可能である。この最小の限界トルク特性曲線は、動作モード2と3との互いの境界を定める。これにより、車載電源への電力の能動的な入力が可能になる動作モードおよび車載電源に電力の負荷をかける動作モード間に境界線が得られる。
Claims (17)
- 車両のハイブリッドドライブを制御する方法であって、
該ハイブリッドドライブは、駆動機械として内燃機関と、少なくとも1つの電気機械とを含んでおり、また該駆動機械のアウトプットシャフトと、当該車両のドライブトレインとが作用結合されている形式の、車両のハイブリッドドライブを制御する方法において、
ドライブトレインにマイナスのトルク要求(ブレーキング)がなされる場合、ジェネレータ動作モードにて前記の少なくとも1つの電気機械(16)を特性マップベースで駆動制御することを特徴とする、
車両のハイブリッドドライブを制御する方法。 - 前記の少なくとも1つの電気機械(16)の駆動制御を目標ブレーキトルク(MASoll)と車速(v)とに依存して行う、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記駆動制御を回生ストラテジブロック(32)によって行い、ここで該回生ストラテジブロックは、インタフェース(28)を介して所要の信号(30)を受け取り、また前記の少なくとも1つの電気機械(16)に対する制御信号(34)を生成する機能モジュール(36,38,40,42)を有する、
請求項1または2に記載の方法。 - 前記インタフェース(28)に供給される信号(30)に依存して、ブレーキモジュールセレクタ(38)により、ブレーキングに対して相異なる動作モードを選択的に起動する、
請求項3に記載の方法。 - 動作モードとして、純粋な回生ブレーキングと、回生および機械式が組み合わされたブレーキングと、純粋な機械式ブレーキングとを使用する、
請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - ユニット制御部(42)により、目標トルク(M16)および/または目標回転数(n16)を前記の少なくとも1つの電気機械(16)に対する制御信号(34)として設定する、
請求項1から5までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記制御信号(34)を制御特性マップから読み出す、
請求項6に記載の方法。 - 前記制御特性マップ(34)により、パラメタとして前記電気機械(16)の最大ジェネレータ電流(IG)を考慮する、
請求項7に記載の方法。 - ブレーキエネルギー回生の動作領域を区切る境界特性曲線によって、前記制御特性マップを限定する、
請求項1から8までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 最大回生特性曲線により、回生動作から、回生および機械式が組み合わされた動作への移行を定める、
請求項9に記載の方法。 - 車載電源に電力を能動的に入力することのできるか、または車載電源に電力負荷がかかる移行を最小回生特性曲線により定める、
請求項9に記載の方法。 - 切換ロジック(40)により、トランスミッション(14)の切換段を選択して、該切換段により、前記電気機械(16)のジェネレータとしての最適効率が得られるようにする、
請求項1から11までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記切換ロジック(40)は切換特性マップを使用する、
請求項12に記載の方法。 - 前記切換ロジック(40)により、上位の車両制御部によってあらかじめ設定された実際切換段を考慮し、例えば、ブレーキ回生切換段によって後に導き出された切換段より1切換段以上の偏差の際に考慮する、
請求項1から13までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記切換ロジック(40)により、目標遅延トルクの傾きを考慮する、
請求項1から14までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記の制御特性マップおよび/または切換特性マップをハイブリッドドライブ(10)の具体的な実際パラメタに基づいて計算および/または求める、
請求項1から15までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記の制御特性マップおよび切換特性マップは制御装置(26)に格納されており、
前記回生ストラテジブロック(32)によって該制御装置にアクセスする、
請求項1から16までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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JPH099407A (ja) | 1995-06-16 | 1997-01-10 | Aisin Aw Co Ltd | 車両用駆動装置の制御装置 |
JP3322084B2 (ja) | 1995-08-07 | 2002-09-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電気車両の制動装置 |
DE19810656A1 (de) | 1998-03-12 | 1999-09-16 | Itt Mfg Enterprises Inc | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum statischen oder dynamischen Ermitteln von Sollwerten für Bremskräfte oder Bremsmomente |
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JP4032639B2 (ja) * | 2000-11-30 | 2008-01-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両の回生制御装置 |
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-
2002
- 2002-01-24 DE DE10202531A patent/DE10202531A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-09-07 US US10/502,668 patent/US7363122B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-07 JP JP2003561910A patent/JP3914920B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-07 WO PCT/DE2002/003342 patent/WO2003062004A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2002-09-07 EP EP02776661A patent/EP1485266B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-07 DE DE50206941T patent/DE50206941D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009514717A (ja) * | 2005-09-02 | 2009-04-09 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | ハイブリッド駆動部のためのトルク監視方法 |
JP2008201391A (ja) * | 2007-02-23 | 2008-09-04 | Tcm Corp | 電気駆動式荷役車両の前後進切替装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10202531A1 (de) | 2003-08-07 |
WO2003062004A1 (de) | 2003-07-31 |
EP1485266B1 (de) | 2006-05-24 |
US7363122B2 (en) | 2008-04-22 |
DE50206941D1 (de) | 2006-06-29 |
JP3914920B2 (ja) | 2007-05-16 |
EP1485266A1 (de) | 2004-12-15 |
US20050119805A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
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