JP2004535065A - 多孔質材料上のSiC:H蒸着によって改良された金属バリア挙動 - Google Patents

多孔質材料上のSiC:H蒸着によって改良された金属バリア挙動 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2004535065A
JP2004535065A JP2003511305A JP2003511305A JP2004535065A JP 2004535065 A JP2004535065 A JP 2004535065A JP 2003511305 A JP2003511305 A JP 2003511305A JP 2003511305 A JP2003511305 A JP 2003511305A JP 2004535065 A JP2004535065 A JP 2004535065A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
value
atomic
dielectric layer
sealing
integrated circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2003511305A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2004535065A5 (https=
Inventor
メイネン、ヘルマン
ウィードナー、ウィリアム・ケネス
イアコピ、フランチェスカ
マルウィトル、ステファン
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dow Silicones Corp
Original Assignee
Dow Corning Corp
Dow Silicones Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dow Corning Corp, Dow Silicones Corp filed Critical Dow Corning Corp
Publication of JP2004535065A publication Critical patent/JP2004535065A/ja
Publication of JP2004535065A5 publication Critical patent/JP2004535065A5/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10PGENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10P14/00Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
    • H10P14/60Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W20/00Interconnections in chips, wafers or substrates
    • H10W20/01Manufacture or treatment
    • H10W20/071Manufacture or treatment of dielectric parts thereof
    • H10W20/074Manufacture or treatment of dielectric parts thereof of dielectric parts comprising thin functional dielectric layers, e.g. dielectric etch-stop, barrier, capping or liner layers
    • H10W20/076Manufacture or treatment of dielectric parts thereof of dielectric parts comprising thin functional dielectric layers, e.g. dielectric etch-stop, barrier, capping or liner layers in via holes or trenches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W20/00Interconnections in chips, wafers or substrates
    • H10W20/01Manufacture or treatment
    • H10W20/071Manufacture or treatment of dielectric parts thereof
    • H10W20/081Manufacture or treatment of dielectric parts thereof by forming openings in the dielectric parts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W20/00Interconnections in chips, wafers or substrates
    • H10W20/01Manufacture or treatment
    • H10W20/071Manufacture or treatment of dielectric parts thereof
    • H10W20/081Manufacture or treatment of dielectric parts thereof by forming openings in the dielectric parts
    • H10W20/084Manufacture or treatment of dielectric parts thereof by forming openings in the dielectric parts for dual-damascene structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W20/00Interconnections in chips, wafers or substrates
    • H10W20/40Interconnections external to wafers or substrates, e.g. back-end-of-line [BEOL] metallisations or vias connecting to gate electrodes
    • H10W20/41Interconnections external to wafers or substrates, e.g. back-end-of-line [BEOL] metallisations or vias connecting to gate electrodes characterised by their conductive parts
    • H10W20/44Conductive materials thereof
    • H10W20/4403Conductive materials thereof based on metals, e.g. alloys, metal silicides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W20/00Interconnections in chips, wafers or substrates
    • H10W20/40Interconnections external to wafers or substrates, e.g. back-end-of-line [BEOL] metallisations or vias connecting to gate electrodes
    • H10W20/45Interconnections external to wafers or substrates, e.g. back-end-of-line [BEOL] metallisations or vias connecting to gate electrodes characterised by their insulating parts
    • H10W20/48Insulating materials thereof

Landscapes

  • Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Formation Of Insulating Films (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
JP2003511305A 2001-07-02 2002-06-25 多孔質材料上のSiC:H蒸着によって改良された金属バリア挙動 Pending JP2004535065A (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30246901P 2001-07-02 2001-07-02
PCT/US2002/020704 WO2003005438A2 (en) 2001-07-02 2002-06-25 Improved metal barrier behavior by sic:h deposition on porous materials

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2004535065A true JP2004535065A (ja) 2004-11-18
JP2004535065A5 JP2004535065A5 (https=) 2006-01-05

Family

ID=23167846

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2003511305A Pending JP2004535065A (ja) 2001-07-02 2002-06-25 多孔質材料上のSiC:H蒸着によって改良された金属バリア挙動

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6541842B2 (https=)
JP (1) JP2004535065A (https=)
KR (1) KR100847926B1 (https=)
CN (1) CN1596466A (https=)
WO (1) WO2003005438A2 (https=)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006190872A (ja) * 2005-01-07 2006-07-20 Fujitsu Ltd 半導体装置の製造方法
JP2006216541A (ja) * 2005-01-21 2006-08-17 Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> 誘電体材料、相互接続構造、電子構造、電子センシング構造および該製作方法(改良された靭性および改良されたSi−C結合を有するSiCOH誘電体材料、該誘電体材料を含む半導体デバイスおよび該誘電体材料の製作方法)
JP2007088017A (ja) * 2005-09-20 2007-04-05 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology 有機絶縁膜とその作製方法,及び有機絶縁膜を用いた半導体装置
JP2008520100A (ja) * 2004-11-12 2008-06-12 アクセリス テクノロジーズ インコーポレーテッド 多孔性低k誘電体フィルムの紫外線に補助された細孔シーリング
JP2010073933A (ja) * 2008-09-19 2010-04-02 Fujitsu Microelectronics Ltd 半導体装置の製造方法及び半導体装置
JP2012506147A (ja) * 2008-10-20 2012-03-08 ダウ コーニング コーポレーション Cvd前駆体
JP2020518725A (ja) * 2017-06-02 2020-06-25 ノースロップ グラマン システムズ コーポレイションNorthrop Grumman Systems Corporation 超伝導体相互接続のための堆積方法

Families Citing this family (68)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6482262B1 (en) 1959-10-10 2002-11-19 Asm Microchemistry Oy Deposition of transition metal carbides
US6759325B2 (en) * 2000-05-15 2004-07-06 Asm Microchemistry Oy Sealing porous structures
US8123814B2 (en) 2001-02-23 2012-02-28 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Method and appartus for acetabular reconstruction
US7597715B2 (en) * 2005-04-21 2009-10-06 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Method and apparatus for use of porous implants
WO2003025243A2 (en) * 2001-09-14 2003-03-27 Asm International N.V. Metal nitride deposition by ald using gettering reactant
US6759327B2 (en) 2001-10-09 2004-07-06 Applied Materials Inc. Method of depositing low k barrier layers
US6890850B2 (en) * 2001-12-14 2005-05-10 Applied Materials, Inc. Method of depositing dielectric materials in damascene applications
US7091137B2 (en) * 2001-12-14 2006-08-15 Applied Materials Bi-layer approach for a hermetic low dielectric constant layer for barrier applications
US6838393B2 (en) * 2001-12-14 2005-01-04 Applied Materials, Inc. Method for producing semiconductor including forming a layer containing at least silicon carbide and forming a second layer containing at least silicon oxygen carbide
US6541397B1 (en) * 2002-03-29 2003-04-01 Applied Materials, Inc. Removable amorphous carbon CMP stop
US6800930B2 (en) * 2002-07-31 2004-10-05 Micron Technology, Inc. Semiconductor dice having back side redistribution layer accessed using through-silicon vias, and assemblies
US7749563B2 (en) * 2002-10-07 2010-07-06 Applied Materials, Inc. Two-layer film for next generation damascene barrier application with good oxidation resistance
JP2004200203A (ja) * 2002-12-16 2004-07-15 Semiconductor Leading Edge Technologies Inc 半導体装置及びその製造方法
CN101217136B (zh) * 2003-05-29 2011-03-02 日本电气株式会社 布线结构及其制造方法
TWI257120B (en) * 2003-06-18 2006-06-21 Fujitsu Ltd Method for manufacturing semiconductor device
KR100964194B1 (ko) * 2003-07-18 2010-06-17 매그나칩 반도체 유한회사 반도체 소자의 절연막 형성 방법
US7052990B2 (en) * 2003-09-03 2006-05-30 Infineon Technologies Ag Sealed pores in low-k material damascene conductive structures
US7553769B2 (en) * 2003-10-10 2009-06-30 Tokyo Electron Limited Method for treating a dielectric film
US7157373B2 (en) 2003-12-11 2007-01-02 Infineon Technologies Ag Sidewall sealing of porous dielectric materials
US7088003B2 (en) * 2004-02-19 2006-08-08 International Business Machines Corporation Structures and methods for integration of ultralow-k dielectrics with improved reliability
WO2005087974A2 (en) * 2004-03-05 2005-09-22 Applied Materials, Inc. Cvd processes for the deposition of amorphous carbon films
US7638440B2 (en) * 2004-03-12 2009-12-29 Applied Materials, Inc. Method of depositing an amorphous carbon film for etch hardmask application
US7030041B2 (en) * 2004-03-15 2006-04-18 Applied Materials Inc. Adhesion improvement for low k dielectrics
US7229911B2 (en) * 2004-04-19 2007-06-12 Applied Materials, Inc. Adhesion improvement for low k dielectrics to conductive materials
US20050233555A1 (en) * 2004-04-19 2005-10-20 Nagarajan Rajagopalan Adhesion improvement for low k dielectrics to conductive materials
US7244674B2 (en) * 2004-04-27 2007-07-17 Agency For Science Technology And Research Process of forming a composite diffusion barrier in copper/organic low-k damascene technology
US7015150B2 (en) * 2004-05-26 2006-03-21 International Business Machines Corporation Exposed pore sealing post patterning
US20050277302A1 (en) * 2004-05-28 2005-12-15 Nguyen Son V Advanced low dielectric constant barrier layers
US7229041B2 (en) * 2004-06-30 2007-06-12 Ohio Central Steel Company Lifting lid crusher
US7288205B2 (en) * 2004-07-09 2007-10-30 Applied Materials, Inc. Hermetic low dielectric constant layer for barrier applications
JP4903373B2 (ja) * 2004-09-02 2012-03-28 ローム株式会社 半導体装置の製造方法
JP4903374B2 (ja) * 2004-09-02 2012-03-28 ローム株式会社 半導体装置の製造方法
JP4798334B2 (ja) * 2004-10-15 2011-10-19 Jsr株式会社 表面疎水化用組成物、表面疎水化方法、半導体装置およびその製造方法
US20060099802A1 (en) * 2004-11-10 2006-05-11 Jing-Cheng Lin Diffusion barrier for damascene structures
US20060113675A1 (en) * 2004-12-01 2006-06-01 Chung-Liang Chang Barrier material and process for Cu interconnect
US7229909B2 (en) * 2004-12-09 2007-06-12 International Business Machines Corporation Integrated circuit chip utilizing dielectric layer having oriented cylindrical voids formed from carbon nanotubes
US20060131700A1 (en) * 2004-12-22 2006-06-22 David Moses M Flexible electronic circuit articles and methods of making thereof
US7135402B2 (en) * 2005-02-01 2006-11-14 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. Sealing pores of low-k dielectrics using CxHy
US7365026B2 (en) * 2005-02-01 2008-04-29 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. CxHy sacrificial layer for cu/low-k interconnects
JP4201002B2 (ja) * 2005-03-28 2008-12-24 セイコーエプソン株式会社 液晶装置、その製造方法およびプロジェクタ
US8292967B2 (en) * 2005-04-21 2012-10-23 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Method and apparatus for use of porous implants
US8021432B2 (en) 2005-12-05 2011-09-20 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Apparatus for use of porous implants
US8066778B2 (en) * 2005-04-21 2011-11-29 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Porous metal cup with cobalt bearing surface
US8266780B2 (en) * 2005-04-21 2012-09-18 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Method and apparatus for use of porous implants
US7335586B2 (en) * 2005-06-10 2008-02-26 Intel Corporation Sealing porous dielectric material using plasma-induced surface polymerization
US7915735B2 (en) * 2005-08-05 2011-03-29 Micron Technology, Inc. Selective metal deposition over dielectric layers
JP4965830B2 (ja) * 2005-08-12 2012-07-04 ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 半導体装置の製造方法
US20070126120A1 (en) * 2005-12-06 2007-06-07 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Semiconductor device
US7635447B2 (en) * 2006-02-17 2009-12-22 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Method and apparatus for forming porous metal implants
US7564136B2 (en) * 2006-02-24 2009-07-21 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. Integration scheme for Cu/low-k interconnects
JP5372323B2 (ja) * 2006-03-29 2013-12-18 富士通株式会社 界面ラフネス緩和膜、これを用いた配線層および半導体装置ならびに半導体装置の製造方法
US20070286954A1 (en) * 2006-06-13 2007-12-13 Applied Materials, Inc. Methods for low temperature deposition of an amorphous carbon layer
DE102006056626B4 (de) * 2006-11-30 2024-12-19 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Verfahren zum Bilden einer Öffnung in einer Metallisierungsstruktur einer Halbleitervorrichtung mittels eines selbstbeschränkenden Abscheideprozesses
EP2205188B1 (en) * 2007-09-25 2014-04-09 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Cementless tibial tray
US20090093128A1 (en) * 2007-10-08 2009-04-09 Martin Jay Seamons Methods for high temperature deposition of an amorphous carbon layer
KR20090048178A (ko) * 2007-11-09 2009-05-13 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 반도체 소자 및 그의 제조 방법
US20090269923A1 (en) * 2008-04-25 2009-10-29 Lee Sang M Adhesion and electromigration improvement between dielectric and conductive layers
WO2009153857A1 (ja) 2008-06-17 2009-12-23 富士通株式会社 半導体装置及びその製造方法
US9653327B2 (en) 2011-05-12 2017-05-16 Applied Materials, Inc. Methods of removing a material layer from a substrate using water vapor treatment
CN103943789A (zh) * 2014-04-18 2014-07-23 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 Oled器件及其制备方法
US9230900B1 (en) * 2014-12-18 2016-01-05 Intel Corporation Ground via clustering for crosstalk mitigation
US9515017B2 (en) 2014-12-18 2016-12-06 Intel Corporation Ground via clustering for crosstalk mitigation
JP6499001B2 (ja) * 2015-04-20 2019-04-10 東京エレクトロン株式会社 多孔質膜をエッチングする方法
FR3042067A1 (fr) 2015-10-01 2017-04-07 Stmicroelectronics Rousset Protection contre le claquage premature de dielectriques poreux interlignes au sein d'un circuit integre
US9997451B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2018-06-12 International Business Machines Corporation Semiconductor device including a porous dielectric layer, and method of forming the semiconductor device
JP6910387B2 (ja) * 2019-03-05 2021-07-28 株式会社Kokusai Electric 半導体装置の製造方法、基板処理方法、基板処理装置およびプログラム
US11315893B2 (en) * 2020-03-25 2022-04-26 Nanya Technology Corporation Semiconductor device with composite connection structure and method for fabricating the same
KR102953798B1 (ko) 2020-06-24 2026-04-15 에이에스엠 아이피 홀딩 비.브이. 몰리브덴을 포함하는 막의 기상 증착

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2546696B2 (ja) * 1987-12-17 1996-10-23 富士通株式会社 シリコン炭化層構造
US5818071A (en) * 1995-02-02 1998-10-06 Dow Corning Corporation Silicon carbide metal diffusion barrier layer
US6156651A (en) * 1996-12-13 2000-12-05 Texas Instruments Incorporated Metallization method for porous dielectrics
TW405223B (en) * 1998-07-28 2000-09-11 United Microelectronics Corp Method for avoiding the poisoning at the trench of the dual damascene structure and the dielectric hole
US6171945B1 (en) 1998-10-22 2001-01-09 Applied Materials, Inc. CVD nanoporous silica low dielectric constant films
US6231989B1 (en) * 1998-11-20 2001-05-15 Dow Corning Corporation Method of forming coatings
US6180518B1 (en) * 1999-10-29 2001-01-30 Lucent Technologies Inc. Method for forming vias in a low dielectric constant material
JP3365554B2 (ja) * 2000-02-07 2003-01-14 キヤノン販売株式会社 半導体装置の製造方法

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008520100A (ja) * 2004-11-12 2008-06-12 アクセリス テクノロジーズ インコーポレーテッド 多孔性低k誘電体フィルムの紫外線に補助された細孔シーリング
JP2006190872A (ja) * 2005-01-07 2006-07-20 Fujitsu Ltd 半導体装置の製造方法
JP2006216541A (ja) * 2005-01-21 2006-08-17 Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> 誘電体材料、相互接続構造、電子構造、電子センシング構造および該製作方法(改良された靭性および改良されたSi−C結合を有するSiCOH誘電体材料、該誘電体材料を含む半導体デバイスおよび該誘電体材料の製作方法)
JP2007088017A (ja) * 2005-09-20 2007-04-05 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology 有機絶縁膜とその作製方法,及び有機絶縁膜を用いた半導体装置
JP2010073933A (ja) * 2008-09-19 2010-04-02 Fujitsu Microelectronics Ltd 半導体装置の製造方法及び半導体装置
JP2012506147A (ja) * 2008-10-20 2012-03-08 ダウ コーニング コーポレーション Cvd前駆体
JP2014017502A (ja) * 2008-10-20 2014-01-30 Dow Corning Corp Cvd前駆体
JP2020518725A (ja) * 2017-06-02 2020-06-25 ノースロップ グラマン システムズ コーポレイションNorthrop Grumman Systems Corporation 超伝導体相互接続のための堆積方法
JP7038139B2 (ja) 2017-06-02 2022-03-17 ノースロップ グラマン システムズ コーポレーション 超伝導体相互接続のための堆積方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6541842B2 (en) 2003-04-01
KR20040032119A (ko) 2004-04-14
WO2003005438A3 (en) 2003-05-01
WO2003005438A2 (en) 2003-01-16
US20030001282A1 (en) 2003-01-02
CN1596466A (zh) 2005-03-16
KR100847926B1 (ko) 2008-07-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6541842B2 (en) Metal barrier behavior by SiC:H deposition on porous materials
US7122481B2 (en) Sealing porous dielectrics with silane coupling reagents
US7088003B2 (en) Structures and methods for integration of ultralow-k dielectrics with improved reliability
US8927442B1 (en) SiCOH hardmask with graded transition layers
KR100960755B1 (ko) 다마신 분야에서 유전체 재료를 증착하는 방법
US7439174B2 (en) Multilayer hardmask scheme for damage-free dual damascene processing of SiCOH dielectrics
US6737746B2 (en) Semiconductor device containing copper diffusion preventive film of silicon carbide
US6927178B2 (en) Nitrogen-free dielectric anti-reflective coating and hardmask
US7091137B2 (en) Bi-layer approach for a hermetic low dielectric constant layer for barrier applications
KR100661201B1 (ko) 절연층을 증착하고 에칭하기 위한 방법
US20050208758A1 (en) Dielectric barrier films for use as copper barrier layers in semiconductor trench and via structures
JP2002083869A (ja) 半導体装置及びその製造方法
KR100479796B1 (ko) 반도체 소자 및 이의 제조 방법
CN101431047A (zh) 用于在多级互连结构中形成空气间隙的方法
JP5174435B2 (ja) ウェットエッチングアンダカットを最小にし且つ超低k(k<2.5)誘電体をポアシーリングする方法
US7105460B2 (en) Nitrogen-free dielectric anti-reflective coating and hardmask
JP2004259753A (ja) 半導体装置およびその製造方法
US12021009B2 (en) Semiconductor device with plug structure
KR20050084286A (ko) 나이트로겐-비함유 유전성 비반사 코팅부 및 하드마스크
US11823984B2 (en) Method for fabricating semiconductor device with plug structure
JP2009094123A (ja) 半導体装置の製造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20050607

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20050607

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20070129

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20080902

A601 Written request for extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601

Effective date: 20081202

A602 Written permission of extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602

Effective date: 20081209

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20081224

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20090407

A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20090915