JP2001509074A - 電気化学を利用するイオン交換 - Google Patents
電気化学を利用するイオン交換Info
- Publication number
- JP2001509074A JP2001509074A JP53208798A JP53208798A JP2001509074A JP 2001509074 A JP2001509074 A JP 2001509074A JP 53208798 A JP53208798 A JP 53208798A JP 53208798 A JP53208798 A JP 53208798A JP 2001509074 A JP2001509074 A JP 2001509074A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- membrane
- water splitting
- cell
- ions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 claims 4
- NEAQRZUHTPSBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-7-nitro-4h-isoquinolin-1-one Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C(=O)N(O)C(C)(C)CC2=C1 NEAQRZUHTPSBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
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- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012905 Brassica oleracea var viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/02—Column or bed processes
- B01J47/06—Column or bed processes during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation or vibration
- B01J47/08—Column or bed processes during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation or vibration subjected to a direct electric current
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.溶液流からイオンを除去することができる電気化学セルにおいて、前記セル が: (a)第1及び第2の電極を有するハウジング; (b)前記電極間に配置され、(i)前記第1の電極に面している陽イオン交換面 、及び(ii)前記第2の電極に面している陰イオン交換面を含む少なくとも1枚 の水分解イオン交換膜; (c)前記水分解膜により定められ、(i)流入溶液流のための流入口、(ii)1つ またはそれ以上の処理済溶液流を形成するために前記流入溶液流が前記水分解 膜の少なくとも1つの面を流れ過ぎることができるようにする少なくとも1本 のチャンネル、及び(iii)ただ1つの流出溶液を形成するために前記処理済溶 液を合流させるただ1つの流出口を有する溶液流路; を含むことを特徴とする電気化学セル。 2.前記溶液流路が前記水分解膜の前記陽イオン及び陰イオン交換面の双方を流 れ過ぎる単一で連続する溶液チャンネルを含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第 1項記載の電気化学セル。 3.前記溶液流路が前記溶液チャンネルの全体を通して途切れのない順路で連結 され、前記流入口から前記流出口まで実質的に連続して伸びていることを特徴 とする請求の範囲第2項記載の電気化学セル。 4.単極イオン交換膜を実質的に含まないことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項記 載の電気化学セル。 5.複数の水分解膜を含み、前記溶液流路が(i)前記電極、及び(ii)前記複数の 水分解膜のそれぞれの前記陽イオン及び陰イオン交換面の双方を流れ過ぎる単 一で連続する溶液チャンネルを含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項記載の 電気化学セル。 6.複数の水分解膜を含み、前記溶液流路が複数のチャンネルを含み、前記複数 のチャンネルのそれぞれは前記流入溶液が隣り合う水分解膜の前記陽イオン及 び陰イオン交換面を流れ過ぎることができるようになっていることを特徴とす る請求の範囲第1項記載の電気化学セル。 7.インターディジタル構成に配置された、前記ハウジングに互い違いに取り付 けられる縁を有する複数の水分解膜を有することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1 項記載の電気化学セル。 8.(i)前記水分解膜が円筒形をなすように螺旋巻き構成に巻かれ、(ii)前記第 1または第2の電極が前記水分解膜の前記螺旋巻き構成を取り囲んでいる円筒 を含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項記載の電気化学セル。 9.前記水分解膜が下記(a)から(e)の特徴の少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴と する請求の範囲第1項記載の電気化学セル: (a)−SO3M,−COOM,−PO3M2,−C6H4OM,脂肪族アミン,芳 香族アミン,脂肪族ホスフィン,芳香族ホスフィン,脂肪族スルフィド,芳香 族スルフィド,リン酸アミン,カルボン酸アミン,ヒドロキサム酸,及びこれ らの混合物からなる群から選ばれる化学基を含む陽イオン交換面、ここでMは 陽イオンである; (b)脂肪族アミン,芳香族アミン,脂肪族ホスフィン,芳香族ホスフィン、 脂肪族スルフィド,芳香族スルフィド,及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選 ばれる化学基を含む陰イオン交換面; (c)前記水分解膜のそれぞれの少なくとも1つの交換面は平均寸法が少なく とも1ミクロンの細孔を含む; (d)前記水分解膜のそれぞれの少なくとも1つの交換面は少なくとも総体積 が10体積%の細孔を含む; (e)前記膜は異質膜であり、架橋した水膨潤可能な高分子ホスト材料を含む 。 10.前記水分解膜の前記陽イオン交換面が少なくとも2つの陽イオン交換層を含 み、前記少なくとも2つの陽イオン交換層はそれぞれ相異なる陰イオン化学基 を含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項記載の電気化学セル。 11.前記水分解膜の前記陰イオン交換面が少なくとも2つの陰イオン交換層を含 み、前記少なくとも2つの陰イオン交換層がそれぞれ相異なる陽イオン化学基 を含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項記載の電気化学セル。 12.電気化学的イオン交換装置において: (a)請求の範囲第1項記載の電気化学セル; (b)前記第1及び第2の電極に電圧を供給するための電圧源; (c)前記セルを通して流入溶液流を流すための手段; を含むことを特徴とする電気化学的イオン交換装置。 13.溶液流からイオンを除去することができる電気化学セルにおいて、前記セル が: (a)第1及び第2の電極を有するハウジング; (b)前記電極間に配置され、(i)前記第1の電極に面している陽イオン交換面 、及び(ii)前記第2の電極に面している陰イオン交換面を含む少なくとも1枚 の水分解イオン交換膜; (c)流入溶液流が(i)前記電極、及び(ii)前記水分解膜の前記陽イオン及び陰 イオン交換面の双方を流れ過ぎることができるようにする単一で連続する溶液 チャンネル; を含むことを特徴とする電気化学セル。 14.前記単一で連続する溶液チャンネルが該溶液チャンネルの全体を通して途切 れのない順路で連結され、前記ハウジングの流入口から流出口まで実質的に連 続して伸びていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第13項記載の電気化学セル。 15.単極イオン交換膜を実質的に含まないことを特徴とする請求の範囲第13項 記載の電気化学セル。 16.複数の水分解膜を含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第13項記載の電気化学 セル。 17.前記複数の水分解膜が、前記ハウジングに互い違いの縁で取り付けられるイ ンターディジタル構成に配置されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第13項 記載の電気化学セル。 18.(i)前記水分解膜が円筒形をなすように螺旋巻き構成に巻かれ、(ii)前記第 1または第2の電極が前記水分解膜の前記螺旋巻き構成を取り囲んでいる円筒 を含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第13項記載の電気化学セル。 19.前記水分解膜が下記(a)から(e)の特徴の少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴と する請求の範囲第13項記載の電気化学セル: (a)−SO3M,−COOM,−PO3M2,−C6H4OM,脂肪族アミン,芳 香族アミン,脂肪族ホスフィン,芳香族ホスフィン,脂肪族スルフィド,芳香 族スルフィド,リン酸アミン,カルボン酸アミン,ヒドロキサム酸,及びこれ らの混合物からなる群から選ばれる化学基を含む陽イオン交換面、ここでMは 陽イオンである; (b)脂肪族アミン,芳香族アミン,脂肪族ホスフィン,芳香族ホスフィン、 脂肪族スルフィド,芳香族スルフィド,及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選 ばれる化学基を含む陰イオン交換面; (c)前記水分解膜のそれぞれの少なくとも1つの交換面は平均寸法が少なく とも1ミクロンの細孔を含む; (d)前記水分解膜のそれぞれの少なくとも1つの交換面は少なくとも体積が 10体積%の細孔を含む; (e)前記膜は異性膜であり、架橋した水膨潤可能な高分子ホスト材料を含む 。 20.電気化学的イオン交換装置において: (a)請求の範囲第13項記載の電気化学セル; (b)前記第1及び第2の電極に電圧を供給するための電圧源; (c)前記セルを通して流入溶液流を流すための手段; を含むことを特徴とする電気化学的イオン交換装置。 21.溶液から多価イオンを選択的に除去するための電気化学セル集成装置におい て、前記集成装置が: (a)第1の電気化学セル、ここで前記第1の電気化学セルは: (1)2つの電極; (2)前記電極の間にあって、第1の電極に面している陽イオン交換面及び 第2の電極に面している陰イオン交換面を含む少なくとも1枚の水分解イオ ン交換膜; (3)(i)流入溶液流のための流入口、(ii)流入溶液流が1つまたはそれ以上 の処理済溶液流を形成するために前記水分解膜の少なくとも1つの面を流れ 過ぎることができるようにする少なくとも1本のチャンネル、及び(iii)第 1の流出溶液を形成するために前記処理済溶液流を合流させるただ1つの 流出口を有する第1の溶液流路; を含む; (b)少なくとも1つの第2の電気化学セル、ここで前記少なくとも1つの第 2の電気化学セルは: (1)2つの電極; (2)前記電極の間にあって、第1の電極に面している陽イオン交換面及び 第2の電極に面している陰イオン交換面を含む少なくとも1枚の水分解イオ ン交換膜; (3)(i)流入溶液流のための流入口、(ii)流入溶液流が1つまたはそれ以上 の処理済溶液流を形成するために前記水分解膜の少なくとも1つの面を流れ 過ぎることができるようにする少なくとも1本のチャンネル、及び(iii)第 2の流出溶液を形成するために前記処理済溶液流を合流させるただ1つの流 出口を有する第2の溶液流路; を含む; (c)前記第1及び第2のセルの前記電極に電圧を供給するための手段; (d)溶液流が前記第1のセルに第1の流量で流入し、前記第2のセルに第2 の流量で流入するように前記溶液流を前記第1のセルと前記第2のセルに分配 するための流量制御器、ここで前記第1及び第2の流量は前記第1及び第2の 流出溶液を合流させた合流流出溶液で所望の多価イオン濃度が得られるように 選ばれる; を含むことを特徴とする集成装置。 22.前記第1及び第2のセルが単極イオン交換膜を実質的に含まないことを特徴 とする請求の範囲第21項記載の集成装置。 23.前記セルのいずれにおいても、前記セルのそれぞれの内にある前記溶液流路 が前記それぞれのセル内で前記陽イオン及び陰イオン交換面の双方を流れ過ぎ ることができるように前記水分解膜が配置されていることを特徴とする請求の 範囲第21項記載の集成装置。 24.前記それぞれのセルにおける前記溶液流路の少なくとも一部が陽イオン及び 陰イオン交換面に同時にさらされることを特徴とする請求の範囲第21項記載 の集成装置。 25.前記第2の流出溶液の等価イオン濃度が前記第1の流出溶液の等価イオン濃 度の少なくとも2倍であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第21項記載の集成装 置。 26.前記第1のセルが前記流入溶液流から1価及び多価イオンを除去し、前記第 2のセルが前記流入溶液流から多価イオンを優先的に除去することを特徴とす る請求の範囲第21項記載の集成装置。 27.前記第1及び第2のセルを通して分配される前記流入溶液流の流量が前記合 流流出溶液で前もって定められたイオン組成が得られるように選ばれることを 特徴とする請求の範囲第21項記載の集成装置。 28.電気化学セルに電圧を印加することによりイオン交換材内でイオンを置換す る方法において、前記電気化学セルが: (a)第1及び第2の電極; (b)前記電極の間にあり、一方が前記第1の電極に面している陽イオン交換 層でありもう一方が前記第2の電極に面している陰イオン交換層である、イオ ン交換層A及びBを含み、前記層A及びBがそれぞれイオンI1A及びI1Bを含 む少なくとも1枚の水分解膜; ここで単一で連続する溶液チャンネルが前記膜の前記陽イオン及び陰イオン 交換層表面によって定められ、前記溶液チャンネルはいずれの電極とも接し前 記ハウジングの前記流入口から前記流出口まで連続して伸びている; (c)前記電極と前記水分解膜を電気的に接続するイオン含有溶液; を含み; 前記電気化学セル内でイオンI1A及びI1BがそれぞれイオンI2A及びI2Bに 置換されることを特徴とする方法。 29.前記セルが単極イオン交換膜を実質的に含まないことを特徴とする請求の範 囲第28項記載の方法。 30.溶液流が前記水分解膜の前記陽イオン及び陰イオン交換層表面の双方を流れ 過ぎることができるようにする連続チャンネルを与えるように前記水分解膜が 配置されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第28項記載の方法。 31.前記セルの少なくとも1本のチャンネル内の前記溶液が前記水分解膜の前記 陽イオン及び陰イオン交換層表面に同時にさらされることを特徴とする請求の 範囲第28項記載の方法。 32.H+及びOH-が前記水分解膜内で生成され、それぞれ前記イオン交換層A及 びBを通過してイオンI1A及びI1BをそれぞれイオンI2A及びI2Bで置換する ことを特徴とする請求の範囲第28項記載の方法。 33.前記電極の極性を極性を逆転させてイオンI2A及びI2BをそれぞれイオンI 3A及びI3Bで置換する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第28項 記載の方法。 34.溶液から多価イオンを除去する方法において、前記方法が第1及び第2の電 気化学セルを含む集成装置に電圧を印加することを含み、: (a)前記第1の電気化学セルが: (i)第1及び第2の電極; (ii)前記電極の間にあって、一方が前記第1の電極に面している陽イオン 交換層でありもう一方が前記第2の電極に面している陰イオン交換層である 、イオン交換層A及びBを含み、前記層A及びBはそれぞれイオンI4A及び I4Bを含み、イオンI4A及びI4Bは実質的にH+及びOH-をそれぞれ含む、 少なくとも1枚の水分解膜、ここで前記第1のセル内には単一で連続する溶 液チャンネルが存在する; (iii)前記電極と前記水分解膜を電気的に接続するイオンI2A及びI2Bを 含む溶液; を含み、前記第1のセルにおいてイオンI4A及びI4BがそれぞれイオンI2A及 びI2Bによって置換される; (b)前記第2の電気化学セルが: (i)第1及び第2の電極; (ii)前記電極の間に配置され、陽イオン交換層A及び陰イオン交換層Bを 含み、前記層A及びBはそれぞれイオンI5A及びI5Bを含み、イオンI5A及 びI5BはH+及びOH-以外の1価イオンをそれぞれ含む、少なくとも1枚の 水分解膜、ここで前記陽イオン交換層は前記第1の電極に面し、前記陰イ オン交換電極は前記第2の電極に面し、前記第2のセル内には単一で連続す る溶液チャンネルが存在する; (iii)前記電極と前記水分解膜を電気的に接続するイオンI2A及びI2Bを 含む溶液; を含み、前記第2のセルにおいてイオンI5A及びI5BがそれぞれイオンI2A及 びI2Bによって置換される; ことを特徴とする方法。 35.前記セルのそれぞれが単極イオン交換膜を実質的に含まないことを特徴とす る請求の範囲第34項記載の方法。
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US08/790,710 US5788826A (en) | 1997-01-28 | 1997-01-28 | Electrochemically assisted ion exchange |
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PCT/US1998/001062 WO1998032525A1 (en) | 1997-01-28 | 1998-01-27 | Electrochemically assisted ion exchange |
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Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2014091726A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-19 | パナソニック株式会社 | イオン交換体及びそれを備えた水処理装置、及び、給湯装置 |
JP2014133228A (ja) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-07-24 | Panasonic Corp | イオン交換体及びそれを備えた水処理装置、及び、給湯装置 |
US9701547B2 (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2017-07-11 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Ion exchanger, water treatment device provided with same, and hot water supply device |
JP2017518161A (ja) * | 2014-02-06 | 2017-07-06 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェKoninklijke Philips N.V. | 脱灰装置 |
US10815134B2 (en) | 2016-07-07 | 2020-10-27 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Water treatment device |
JP2021030363A (ja) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-03-01 | 株式会社ディスコ | 加工廃液処理装置 |
JP7446668B2 (ja) | 2019-08-23 | 2024-03-11 | 株式会社ディスコ | 加工廃液処理装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO1998032525A1 (en) | 1998-07-30 |
US5788826A (en) | 1998-08-04 |
JP4044148B2 (ja) | 2008-02-06 |
CN1110351C (zh) | 2003-06-04 |
DE69830662T2 (de) | 2006-05-04 |
BR9807019A (pt) | 2000-03-14 |
DE69830662D1 (de) | 2005-07-28 |
CN1249697A (zh) | 2000-04-05 |
KR20000070555A (ko) | 2000-11-25 |
EP1017482A1 (en) | 2000-07-12 |
KR100518045B1 (ko) | 2005-09-30 |
EP1017482B1 (en) | 2005-06-22 |
AU5925398A (en) | 1998-08-18 |
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