JP2001335545A5 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JP2001335545A5 JP2001335545A5 JP2001080628A JP2001080628A JP2001335545A5 JP 2001335545 A5 JP2001335545 A5 JP 2001335545A5 JP 2001080628 A JP2001080628 A JP 2001080628A JP 2001080628 A JP2001080628 A JP 2001080628A JP 2001335545 A5 JP2001335545 A5 JP 2001335545A5
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- kao corporation
- quaternized
- esters
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 12
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 5
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBUPNDMHIOTKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diaminopentan-2-ol Chemical compound NCCCC(O)CN IBUPNDMHIOTKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004255 Butylated hydroxyanisole Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-alpha-tocopherol Natural products OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CNC IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003445 sucroses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200000697 | 2000-03-22 | ||
| ES200000697A ES2180372B1 (es) | 2000-03-22 | 2000-03-22 | Esteres derivados de alcanolaminas, acidos dicarboxilicos y alcoholes grasos, y los tensioactivos cationicos obtenibles a partir de los mismos. |
| US09/874,981 US6465419B1 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2001-06-07 | Esters derived from alkanolamines, dicarboxylic acids and fatty alcohols and the cationic surfactants obtainable therefrom |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001335545A JP2001335545A (ja) | 2001-12-04 |
| JP2001335545A5 true JP2001335545A5 (enExample) | 2007-07-12 |
| JP4021152B2 JP4021152B2 (ja) | 2007-12-12 |
Family
ID=26156175
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001080628A Expired - Fee Related JP4021152B2 (ja) | 2000-03-22 | 2001-03-21 | アルカノールアミン、ジカルボン酸及び脂肪族アルコールから誘導されるエステル並びにそれから得られるカチオン界面活性剤 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6465419B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1136471B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4021152B2 (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE245139T1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE60100461T2 (enExample) |
| ES (2) | ES2180372B1 (enExample) |
| PT (1) | PT1136471E (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (47)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2179757B1 (es) * | 2000-12-22 | 2003-12-16 | Kao Corp Sa | Composiciones suavizantes de fibras que contienen tensioactivos no ionicos. |
| JP2005516045A (ja) * | 2002-01-31 | 2005-06-02 | クローダ，インコーポレイテッド | オリゴエステルを含む添加剤および生成物 |
| DE102015204206A1 (de) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Transparente Textilpflegemittel |
| US6881716B2 (en) | 2002-11-01 | 2005-04-19 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Aqueous composition comprising oligomeric esterquats |
| US6924261B2 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2005-08-02 | Colgate-Palmolive Co. | Aqueous composition comprising oligomeric esterquats |
| US20040087474A1 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2004-05-06 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Aqueous composition comprising oligomeric esterquats |
| US6992058B2 (en) | 2002-11-01 | 2006-01-31 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Aqueous composition comprising oligomeric esterquats |
| WO2004061197A1 (ja) * | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-22 | Lion Corporation | 液体柔軟剤組成物 |
| JP4787743B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-17 | 2011-10-05 | クローダ，インコーポレイテッド | ジエステルクワットを含有するパーソナルケア製品 |
| US6737392B1 (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2004-05-18 | Goldschmidt Chemical Corporation | MDEA ester quats with high content of monoester in blends with tea ester quats |
| WO2006040332A1 (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2006-04-20 | Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited | Fatty acid esters of alkanolamines and their use as softening agents |
| KR100649306B1 (ko) | 2004-11-26 | 2006-11-24 | 주식회사 엘지생활건강 | 비대칭 알킬기 또는 알케닐기 함유 에스테르 아미드형암모늄염 화합물, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는섬유유연제 조성물 |
| DE602006017699D1 (de) | 2005-06-29 | 2010-12-02 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Oligomere amidoamine oder amidoquate für zusammensetzungen zur gewebe- oder haarbehandlung |
| ES2294923B1 (es) * | 2006-03-31 | 2009-02-16 | Kao Corporation, S.A. | Composicion para el enjuague y secado de vehiculos. |
| US20070256249A1 (en) | 2006-05-05 | 2007-11-08 | Jean-Paul Grandmaire | Fabric treating compositions containing esterquat with periodate salts |
| ES2386978T3 (es) * | 2007-03-02 | 2012-09-10 | Cognis Ip Management Gmbh | Esterquats poliméricos con cadenas laterales asimétricas |
| JP4709327B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-11 | 2011-06-22 | 松本油脂製薬株式会社 | 抄紙用合成繊維処理剤、抄紙用合成繊維の製造方法、および抄紙不織布の製造方法 |
| US8936159B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2015-01-20 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. | Use of quaternary ammonium compounds as collectors in froth flotation processes |
| KR101187307B1 (ko) | 2010-06-28 | 2012-10-02 | (주)슈가버블 | 용해성이 우수한 양이온 계면활성제 제조방법 |
| US10577564B2 (en) | 2013-03-28 | 2020-03-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleaning compositions containing a polyetheramine |
| BR112016013120B1 (pt) | 2013-12-18 | 2020-12-29 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. | composto obtenível pela condensação de pelo menos um poliol tendo 3-4 grupos hidroxila ou um produto alcoxilado destes, método para flotação reversa por espuma para minérios contendo fosfato ou minerais ferruginosos contendo silicato como impurezas, uso de um composto, e polpa |
| EP3122850A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 | 2017-02-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleaning compositions containing a polyetheramine |
| JP6275864B2 (ja) | 2014-03-27 | 2018-02-07 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー | ポリエーテルアミンを含有する洗浄組成物 |
| WO2015187757A1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-12-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent composition comprising polyalkyleneimine polymers |
| DE102014010875A1 (de) | 2014-07-25 | 2016-01-28 | Basf Se | Transparente Textilpflegemittel |
| EP3186350B1 (en) | 2014-08-27 | 2019-10-09 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Detergent composition comprising a cationic polymer |
| US9771546B2 (en) | 2014-08-27 | 2017-09-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent composition comprising a cationic copolymer containing (meth)acrylamide and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride |
| CA2956095C (en) | 2014-08-27 | 2019-10-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent composition comprising a cationic polymer |
| CA2956121A1 (en) | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method of treating a fabric |
| WO2016049388A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2016-03-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric care compositions containing a polyetheramine |
| US11266587B2 (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2022-03-08 | Clariant International Ltd. | Oligoester ammonium salts and their use in compositions for conditioning hair |
| JP6824812B2 (ja) * | 2017-05-09 | 2021-02-03 | 花王株式会社 | 印刷紙用処理剤組成物 |
| PT3418355T (pt) | 2017-06-20 | 2020-07-27 | Kao Corp Sa | Composições ativas amaciadoras de tecidos |
| PT3418354T (pt) * | 2017-06-20 | 2020-07-07 | Kao Corp Sa | Composições de substâncias ativas amaciadoras de tecidos |
| ES2821398T3 (es) * | 2017-06-20 | 2021-04-26 | Kao Corp Sa | Composiciones activas de suavizante de tejidos |
| CN110656500B (zh) * | 2019-09-23 | 2022-03-08 | 深圳天鼎新材料有限公司 | 一种非硅型亲水性柔软剂及其制备方法与应用 |
| BR112022011909A2 (pt) | 2019-12-17 | 2022-11-22 | Momentive Performance Mat Gmbh | Compostos de ácido graxo poliméricos não iônicos para o tratamento de substratos à base de aminoácidos fibrosos, especialmente cabelos |
| US20230111600A1 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2023-04-13 | Momentive Performance Materials Gmbh | Polymeric fatty acid compounds for the treatment of fibrous amino acid-based substrates, especially hair |
| US20240247209A1 (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2024-07-25 | Nouryon Chemicals International B.V. | Polyester polyquats in cleaning applications |
| US20230022614A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2023-01-26 | Momentive Performance Materials Gmbh | Polymeric fatty acid salt compounds for the treatment of fibrous amino acid-based substrates, especially hair |
| US20240343708A1 (en) | 2021-08-10 | 2024-10-17 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Polyalkylene-oxide-containing compound |
| EP4239043A1 (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2023-09-06 | Kao Corporation S.A.U | Dispersible softener formulations and unit doses |
| EP4239042A1 (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2023-09-06 | Kao Corporation, S.A. | Softener formulations for maintaining or improving moisture wicking |
| EP4239041A1 (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2023-09-06 | Kao Corporation S.A.U | Clear softener formulations |
| EP4520811A1 (en) | 2023-09-05 | 2025-03-12 | Kao Corporation, S.A. | Use of perfume to disperse a cationic mixture in water |
| EP4520810A1 (en) | 2023-09-05 | 2025-03-12 | Kao Corporation, S.A. | Use of a mixture of cationic surfactants to disperse a quaternary ester ammonium component in water |
| EP4520812A1 (en) | 2023-09-05 | 2025-03-12 | Kao Corporation, S.A. | Softener formulations comprising mixtures of cationic surfactants |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3032216A1 (de) * | 1980-08-27 | 1982-04-08 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Haarwasch- und haarbehandlungsmittel |
| DE3345156A1 (de) * | 1983-12-14 | 1985-06-27 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Quaternaere oxalkylierte polyester, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
| DE19517046C1 (de) * | 1995-05-10 | 1997-01-23 | Henkel Kgaa | Tenside mit quartärer Stickstoffgruppe |
| DE19539846C1 (de) * | 1995-10-26 | 1996-11-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Esterquats |
| DE19539876C1 (de) * | 1995-10-26 | 1996-12-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Sorbitolesterquats |
| JPH10195767A (ja) * | 1996-12-26 | 1998-07-28 | Lion Corp | 柔軟仕上げ剤 |
| DE19715835C1 (de) * | 1997-04-16 | 1998-11-26 | Henkel Kgaa | Esterquats |
| ES2130993B1 (es) * | 1997-04-30 | 2000-03-01 | Kao Corp Sa | Nueva materia activa suavizante para textiles, procedimiento para su obtencion y composiciones suavizantes para textiles que la contienen. |
-
2000
- 2000-03-22 ES ES200000697A patent/ES2180372B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-03-16 EP EP01500070A patent/EP1136471B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-16 ES ES01500070T patent/ES2198392T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-16 AT AT01500070T patent/ATE245139T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-16 DE DE60100461T patent/DE60100461T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-16 PT PT01500070T patent/PT1136471E/pt unknown
- 2001-03-21 JP JP2001080628A patent/JP4021152B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-07 US US09/874,981 patent/US6465419B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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