JP2000508616A - 熱的に向上した小型改質装置 - Google Patents
熱的に向上した小型改質装置Info
- Publication number
- JP2000508616A JP2000508616A JP9537103A JP53710397A JP2000508616A JP 2000508616 A JP2000508616 A JP 2000508616A JP 9537103 A JP9537103 A JP 9537103A JP 53710397 A JP53710397 A JP 53710397A JP 2000508616 A JP2000508616 A JP 2000508616A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- reforming
- reformer
- catalyst
- reactant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 213
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 187
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 179
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 81
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 olefin hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 5
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003058 platinum compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 25
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical group [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002915 spent fuel radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002328 LaMnO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102100026933 Myelin-associated neurite-outgrowth inhibitor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003832 thermite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/382—Multi-step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/864—Removing carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8643—Removing mixtures of carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8646—Simultaneous elimination of the components
- B01D53/8653—Simultaneous elimination of the components characterised by a specific device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J12/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- B01J12/005—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor carried out at high temperatures, e.g. by pyrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J12/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- B01J12/007—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J15/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- B01J15/005—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/249—Plate-type reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/386—Catalytic partial combustion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
- H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Abstract
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- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 運転中に反応体を反応種に改質するプレート型改質装置であって、 改質を促進するための一種又はそれ以上の触媒材料を有する複数の触媒プレー トと、熱伝導性材料から形成された複数の伝導プレートとを含み、前記触媒プレ ート及び前記伝導プレートは交互に積層されて改質構造を形成し、該伝導プレー トは熱エネルギを平面内で伝導することで改質工程を支援する、プレート型改質 装置。 2. 前記改質工程が一つ又はそれ以上の改質反応を含み、前記改質反応が、触 媒作用の助けを得て二つ又はそれ以上の反応種間で起きる化学反応と、触媒作用 の助けを得た単一種の熱解離とを含む、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 3. 前記改質構造が、内部に反応体を投入するための少なくとも一つの軸方向 マニホルドと、反応種が該改質構造から出ることを可能とするための少なくとも 一つのマニホルドとを含む、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 4. 前記改質構造が、熱エネルギを外部環境と交換するための露出した周辺表 面を有する、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 5. 前記改質構造が、内部に反応体を投入するための少なくとも一つの軸方向 反応体マニホルドと、反応種を該改質構造の周辺部から排出するための周辺排出 手段とを含む、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 6. 該積層改質構造の周囲に配置されて周辺軸方向マニホルドを形成した熱伝 導性気密性ハウジングと、 該反応種が該周辺軸方向マニホルドに進入できるようにする手段であって、該 反応種は該気密性ハウジングにより捕捉される、手段と をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 7. 放射、伝導及び対流のうちの一つにより該外部環境及び前記伝導プレート と熱エネルギを交換するための熱伝導性気密性ハウジングをさらに含む、請求項 1に記載の改質装置。 8. 該改質構造の外表面が気密性ハウジングの内表面に接触し、前記気密性ハ ウジングが熱エネルギを該伝導プレートに伝導により移動させることのできる、 請求項1に記載の改質装置。 9. 加圧された改質運転を可能とするための筒状形状の気密性封包物をさらに 含む、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 10. 該伝導プレートが、該伝導プレートの平面内で概ね等温状態を提供する ための手段を含む、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 11. 前記改質構造が、内部に反応体を投入するための少なくとも一つの軸方 向反応体マニホルドを含み、該伝導プレートが、投入反応体を予熱するための、 一体に形成された、かつ該軸方向反応体マニホルド内に延出する延長手段を含む 、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 12. 該伝導プレート及び触媒プレートの少なくとも一方が、該プレートの表 面上を反応体が流れることを可能とするための流路手段を有する平面内表面を含 む、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 13. 該改質構造内に形成された軸方向マニホルドと、 該伝導プレートと該触媒プレートとの間に形成された流路手段と、 該軸方向マニホルド内での反応体流圧力降下よりも実質的に大きな反応体圧力 降下を、該伝導プレートと該触媒プレートとの間の該流路手段を通じて発生させ るための手段と をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 14. 該プレートの一方の表面上を投入反応体が通過できるようにするための 、該触媒及び伝導プレート間に形成された流路手段をさらに含み、前記流路手段 が概ね均一な圧力降下を維持することで該改質構造の軸方向での概ね均一な反応 体流を提供する、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 15. 該改質構造の軸方向にほぼ均一な温度状態を生じるための手段をさらに 含む、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 16. 該触媒プレートが多孔質触媒材料から形成され、該多孔質材料が、該プ レートの少なくとも一部分を投入反応体が通過できるようにするための流路手段 を形成する、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 17. 該熱伝導プレートが多孔質伝導材料から形成され、該多孔質材料が、投 入反応体が該プレートを通過できるようにするための流路手段を形成する、請求 項1に記載の改質装置。 18. 該伝導プレートが、炭化珪素などの非金属、及び複合材料のうちの少な くとも一つから構成される、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 19. 該伝導プレートが、アルミニウム、銅、鉄、合金鋼、ニッケル、ニッケ ル合金、クロム、クロム合金、プラチナ、及びプラチナ合金など、少なくとも一 つの金属から構成される、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 20. 該触媒プレートが、触媒材料の被膜を有するセラミック製支持プレート から構成される、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 21. 該触媒材料が、プラチナ、パラジウム、ニッケル、酸化ニッケル、鉄、 酸化第一鉄、クロム、酸化クロム、コバルト、酸化コバルト、銅、酸化銅、亜鉛 、酸化亜鉛、モリブデン、酸化モリブデン、及びその他の適した遷移金属及びそ れ らの酸化物のいずれかから選択される、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 22. 該触媒プレートが、プラチナ、ニッケル、酸化ニッケル、クロム及び酸 化クロムのうちの少なくとも一つから構成される、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 23. 該反応体が炭化水素種及びO2、H2O及びCO2のうちの少なくとも一 つを含む、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 24. 該反応体がアルカン、ヒドロキシル、カルボキシルに結合した炭化水素 、カルボニルに結合した炭化水素、オリフィン炭化水素、エーテルに結合した炭 化水素、エステルに結合した炭化水素、アミンに結合した炭化水素、芳香族誘導 体に結合した炭化水素、及び別の有機−誘導体に結合した炭化水素のうちの少な くとも一つを含む、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 25. 該改質装置を出た反応種を外部燃料電池に接続する手段をさらに含む、 請求項1に記載の改質装置。 26. 該炭化水素燃料及びH2O及びCO2の少なくとも一方が吸熱性触媒作用 による改質を行ってH2、CO、H2O及びCO2が生じ、吸熱性改質に必要なエ ネルギが外部燃料電池の生じるエネルギにより供給され、前記エネルギが該燃料 電池から伝導プレートにより平面内熱伝導を通じて伝えられる、請求項23に記 載の改質装置。 27. 該炭化水素燃料及びO2が触媒作用による燃焼及び改質を行ってH2、C O、H2O及びCO2を生じ、外部燃料電池の発熱性燃焼及び発熱性反応の少なく とも一方が、該吸熱性改質に必要なエネルギを該伝導プレートの平面内熱伝導を 通じて補う、請求項23に記載の改質装置。 28. 該CO及びH2Oが触媒作用によるシフト反応を起こしてCO2及びH2 を 形成する、請求項23又は24に記載の改質装置。 29. 該改質構造が概ね筒状形状を有する、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 30. 該改質構造が筒状であり、該触媒プレート及び該伝導プレートの少なく とも一方の直径が約1インチから約20インチの間であり、また厚さが約0.0 02インチから約0.2インチの間である、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 31. 該改質構造が概ね矩形形状を有する、請求項1に記載の改質装置。 32. 運転中に反応体を反応種に改質する改質装置であって、 一種又はそれ以上の触媒材料を散在させて改質構造を形成した多孔質熱伝導性 材料であって、熱エネルギを伝導により伝えることで改質工程を支援する、多孔 質熱伝導性材料 を含む、改質装置。 33. 運転中に反応体を反応種に改質するプレート型改質装置であって、 改質工程を促進するために一種又はそれ以上の触媒材料を散在させた熱伝導性 材料から構成された複数のプレートであって、前記プレートは交互に積層されて 改質構造を形成し、該プレートは熱エネルギを伝導により該プレートの平面内を 伝えることで該改質工程を支援する、複数のプレート を含む、改質装置。 34. 該改質構造が、内部に反応体を投入するための少なくとも一つの軸方向 マニホルドと、該反応種が該改質構造から出られるようにする少なくとも一つの マニホルドとを含む、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 35. 前記改質構造が、熱エネルギを外部環境と交換するための露出した周辺 表面を有する、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 36. 前記改質構造が、内部に反応体を投入するための少なくとも一つの軸方 向反応体マニホルドと、反応種を該改質構造の周辺部から排出するための周辺排 出手段とを含む、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 37. 該改質構造の周囲に配置されて周辺軸方向マニホルドを形成した熱伝導 性気密性ハウジングと、 該反応種が該周辺軸方向マニホルドに進入できるようにする手段であって、該 反応種は該気密性ハウジングにより捕捉される、手段と をさらに含む、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 38. 放射、伝導及び対流のうちの一つにより該外部環境及び前記改質構造と 熱エネルギを交換するための手段を有する熱伝導性気密性ハウジングをさらに含 む、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 39. 該改質構造の外表面が気密性ハウジングの内表面に接触し、前記気密性 ハウジングが熱エネルギを該改質構造に伝導により移動させることのできる、請 求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 40. 加圧された改質運転を可能とするための筒状形状の気密性封包物をさら に含む、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 41. 該改質構造が、該改質構造を通じた概ね等温状態を提供するための手段 を含む、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 42. 前記改質構造が、内部に反応体を投入するための少なくとも一つの軸方 向反応体マニホルドを含み、該改質構造が、反応体を予熱するための、一体に形 成された、かつ該軸方向反応体マニホルド内に延出する延長手段を含む、請求項 32又は33に記載の改質装置。 43. 前記改質構造が、該構造を反応体が流れられるようにするための流路手 段を含む、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 44. 該改質構造内に形成された軸方向マニホルドと、 反応体が該改質構造の平面内を流れられるようにする反応体流路手段と、 該軸方向マニホルド内での反応体流圧力降下よりも実質的に大きな反応体流圧 力降下を、該流路手段を通じて発生させるための手段と をさらに含む、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 45. 該流路手段が概ね均一な圧力降下を維持することで概ね均一な反応体流 を該改質構造の軸方向に提供する、請求項43に記載の改質装置。 46. 該改質構造の軸方向にほぼ均一な温度状態を生じる手段をさらに含む、 請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 47. 該伝導性材料が、炭化珪素などの非金属、及び複合材料のうちの少なく とも一つから構成される、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 48. 該伝導性材料が、アルミニウム、銅、鉄、合金鋼、ニッケル、ニッケル 合金、クロム、クロム合金、プラチナ、及びプラチナ合金など、少なくとも一つ の金属から構成される、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 49. 該触媒材料が、プラチナ、パラジウム、ニッケル、酸化ニッケル、鉄、 酸化第一鉄、クロム、酸化クロム、コバルト、酸化コバルト、銅、酸化銅、亜鉛 、酸化亜鉛、モリブデン、酸化モリブデン、その他の遷移金属及びそれらの酸化 物のいずれかから選択される、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 50. 該反応体が炭化水素種、及びO2、H2O及びCO2のうちの少なくとも 一つを含む、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 51. 該改質装置を出た反応種を外部燃料電池に接続する手段をさらに含む、 請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 52. 該反応体が、触媒作用による燃焼を行うとH2、CO、H2O及びCO2 を生じる炭化水素燃料及びH2O及びCO2の少なくとも一方を含み、外部燃料電 池の発熱性反応が、該改質構造の吸熱性改質に必要なエネルギを熱伝導性材料を 通じて補う、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 53. 該反応体が、触媒作用による燃焼及び改質を行うとH2、CO、H2O及 びCO2を生じる炭化水素燃料及びO2を含み、外部燃料電池の発熱性燃焼及び発 熱性反応の少なくとも一方が、該改質構造の吸熱性改質に必要なエネルギを該熱 伝導材料を通じて補う、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 54. 該改質構造が概ね筒状形状を有する、請求項32又は33に記載の改質 装置。 55. 該改質構造が筒状であり、また直径が約1インチから約20インチの間 である、請求項32又は33に記載の改質装置。 56. 該改質構造が概ね矩形形状を有する、請求項32又は33に記載の改質 装置。 57. 炭化水素燃料を酸化させて熱エネルギを生じさせるためのバーナであっ て、 熱伝導性材料から形成された複数の伝導プレートと、一種又はそれ以上の酸化 触媒材料を有する複数の触媒プレートとであって、前記触媒プレート及び前記伝 導プレートが交互に積層されてバーナ構造を形成する、伝導プレート及び触媒プ レート を含み、 該触媒プレートの触媒材料は該炭化水素燃料の酸化を促進して合成種を形成さ せ、 該伝導プレートは該酸化工程中に発生した熱エネルギを周囲媒体に放射、伝導 及び対流のうちの一つにより移動させることができる、 バーナ。 58. 該バーナ構造が、外部環境と熱エネルギを交換するための露出した周辺 表面を有する、請求項57に記載のバーナ。 59. 該バーナ構造が、内部に反応体を投入するための少なくとも一つの軸方 向反応体マニホルドと、反応種を該バーナ構造の周辺部から排出するための周辺 排出手段とを含む、請求項57に記載のバーナ。 60. 該バーナ構造の周囲に配置されると共に、放射、伝導及び対流のうちの 一つにより該外部環境及び前記伝導プレートと熱エネルギを交換するための手段 を有する熱伝導性ハウジングをさらに含む、請求項57に記載のバーナ。 61. 該バーナ構造の外表面が、該バーナ構造の周囲に配置された熱伝導性ハ ウジングの内表面に接触し、運転中、前記ハウジングが熱エネルギを該伝導プレ ートから伝導により移動させることができる、請求項57に記載のバーナ。 62. 該伝導プレートが、該伝導プレートの平面内で概ね等温状態を提供する ための手段を含む、請求項57に記載のバーナ。 63. 前記バーナ構造が、内部に反応体を投入するための少なくとも一つの軸 方向反応体マニホルドを含み、該伝導プレートが、炭化水素燃料を予熱するため の、一体に形成された、かつ該軸方向反応体マニホルド内に延出する延長手段を 含む、請求項57に記載のバーナ。 64. 該伝導プレート及び触媒プレートの少なくとも一方の平面内表面が、該 プレートの表面上を炭化水素燃料が流れられるようにするための流路手段を含む 、請求項57に記載のバーナ。 65. 該バーナ構造内に形成された軸方向マニホルドと、 該プレートの表面上を燃料が流れられるようにするために、該伝導プレート及 び該触媒プレートの一方の平面内表面に形成された流路手段と、 該軸方向マニホルド内での反応体流圧力降下よりも実質的に大きな反応体流圧 力降下を、該流路手段を通じて発生させるための手段と をさらに含む、請求項57に記載のバーナ。 66. 該流路手段が概ね均一な圧力降下を維持することで該バーナ構造の軸方 向に概ね均一な反応対流を提供する、請求項64に記載のバーナ。 67. 該バーナ構造の外表面に沿ってほぼ均一な温度状態を生じるための手段 をさらに含む、請求項57に記載のバーナ。 68. 該触媒プレートが多孔質触媒材料から形成され、該多孔質材料が、流路 手段を形成すると共に反応体が該プレートを通過できるようにしている、請求項 64に記載のバーナ。 69. 該熱伝導プレートが多孔質伝導材料から形成され、該多孔質材料が、流 路手段を形成すると共に反応体が該プレートを通過できるようにしている、請求 項64に記載のバーナ。 70. 該伝導プレートが炭化珪素から構成される、請求項57に記載のバーナ 。 71. 該伝導プレートが少なくとも一つの耐火金属から構成される、請求項5 7に記載のバーナ。 72. 該触媒プレートが、触媒材料を被膜形成されたセラミック性支持プレー トから構成される、請求項57に記載のバーナ。 73. 該触媒被膜が、プラチナ、ニッケル、酸化ニッケル、クロム及び酸化ク ロムのうちの少なくともいずれか一つから選択される、請求項72に記載のバー ナ。 74. 該触媒プレートが、プラチナ、ニッケル、酸化ニッケル、クロム及び酸 化クロムのうちの少なくとも一つから構成される、請求項57に記載のバーナ。 75. 該炭化水素燃料が、投入前又は軸方向マニホルド内で酸化剤反応体と予 め混合される、請求項57に記載のバーナ。 76. 該バーナ構造が概ね筒状形状を有する、請求項57に記載のバーナ。 77. 該バーナ構造が筒状であり、該触媒プレート及び該伝導プレートの少な くとも一方の直径が約1インチから約20インチの間であり、また厚さが約0. 002インチから約0.2インチの間である、請求項57に記載のバーナ。 78. 炭化水素燃料を酸化させて熱エネルギを生じさせるためのバーナであっ て、前記装置が 一種又はそれ以上の触媒材料を散在させてバーナ構造を形成した多孔質熱伝導 性材料を含み、 該触媒材料は該炭化水素燃料の酸化を促進して合成種を形成させ、 該伝導材料は該酸化工程中に発生した熱エネルギを周囲媒体に放射、伝導及び 対流のうちの一つにより移動させることができる、 バーナ。 79. 炭化水素燃料を酸化させて熱エネルギを生じさせるためのバーナであっ て、前記装置が、 一種又はそれ以上の触媒材料を散在させた熱伝導性材料から構成された複数の プレートであって、前記プレートは積層されてバーナ構造を形成するものである 、複数のプレートを含み、 該触媒材料は該炭化水素燃料の酸化を促進して合成種を形成させ、 該伝導材料は酸化工程で生じた熱エネルギを周囲媒体に放射、伝導及び対流の うちの一つにより移動させるものである、 バーナ。 80. 反応性材料を両面に配して有する、複数の気密性電解質プレートであっ て、前記プレートは燃料流側を有すると共に、燃焼触媒、改質触媒、シフト触媒 及び燃料電極材料のうちの少なくとも一つから選択される反応性材料をその上に 配して有し、 前記プレートは、酸化剤電極材料から選択される反応性材料をその上に配して 有する酸化剤流を有するものである、気密性電解質プレートと、 熱伝導性材料から形成された、複数の気密性伝導プレートであって、前記電解 質プレート及び前記伝導プレートは交互に積層されて積層プレートアセンブリを 形成する、気密性伝導プレートと、 該積層プレートアセンブリ内の該電解質プレートの該燃料流側で炭化水素燃料 を予熱かつ改質するための内部改質手段であって、前記改質は、該積層プレート アセンブリの燃料電池反応部分からの熱を伝導により伝えることのできる伝導プ レートにより支援されるものである、内部改質手段と を含む、電気化学的変換器。 81. 該電解質プレートが電解質イオン移動作用のための媒体を形成する、請 求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 82. 該変換器が、酸素を消費して発電する一方、化学的転化及び生成を行う 、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 83. 該伝導プレートの一方の側が、燃焼触媒、改質触媒及びシフト触媒のう ちの少なくとも一つを上に配した燃料流側に向かい合う、請求項80に記載の電 気化学的変換器。 84. 燃焼触媒、改質触媒及びシフト触媒のうちの少なくとも一つを流調節素 子上に施すことができ、前記流調節素子は該電解質プレートと該伝導プレートと の間に配置される、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 85. 該積層プレートアセンブリ中に形成された複数の軸方向マニホルドであ って、該マニホルドのうち少なくとも一つは、炭化水素燃料反応体を受け取ると 共に該燃料が該電解質プレートの一面上を流れられるよう、かつ該プレートの外 側端部から出ることを可能とするよう、適合しており、前記マニホルドの少なく とも別の一つは、酸化剤反応体を受け取ると共に該酸化剤流が該電解質の他面上 を流れられるよう、かつ該プレートの外側端部から出ることを可能とするよう、 適合している、複数の軸方向マニホルドを含む、請求項80に記載の電気化学的 変換器。 86. 該積層プレートアセンブリが、炭化水素燃料反応体を受け取るよう適合 した一端を備えた矩形形状を有し、前記反応体は該電解質プレートの一表面上の 空間へ流れ込んで反対側のプレート端から排出され、第三プレート端は、該電解 質プレートの他方の表面上の空間内に流れて第四プレート端から排出される酸化 剤反応体を受け取るよう、適合している、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器 。 87. 前記伝導プレートが、該積層プレートアセンブリの平面内温度分布を調 節することで概ね平面内等温状態を得る手段を含む、請求項80に記載の電気化 学的変換器。 88. 前記マニホルドが、該プレート間の空間に流れ込む均一流分布を該積層 アセンブリの軸方向に調節することで軸方向に等温状態を提供する手段を提供す る、請求項85に記載の電気化学的変換器。 89. 該インターコネクタ・プレートの熱伝導性及び導電性材料が少なくとも 一つの非金属から構成される、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 90. 該インターコネクタ・プレートの熱伝導性及び導電性材料がニッケル、 ニッケル合金、クロム、クロム合金、プラチナ及びプラチナ合金のうちの少なく とも一つから構成される、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 91. 該インターコネクタ・プレートの熱伝導性及び導電性材料がアルミニウ ム、銅、鉄、及び合金鋼のうちの少なくとも一つから構成される、請求項80に 記載の電気化学的変換器。 92. 該燃料電極がニッケル、ニッケル含有化合物、クロム及びクロム含有化 合物のうちの少なくとも一つから構成される、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変 換器。 93. 該燃焼触媒がプラチナ、プラチナ化合物、ニッケル及びニッケル化合物 のうちの少なくとも一つから構成される、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器 。 94. 該改質触媒がニッケル、ニッケル含有化合物、クロム及びクロム含有化 合物のうちの少なくとも一つから構成される、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変 換器。 95. 該改質触媒が、プラチナ、パラジウム、ニッケル、酸化ニッケル、鉄、 酸化第一鉄、クロム、酸化クロム、コバルト、酸化コバルト、銅、酸化銅、亜鉛 、酸化亜鉛、モリブデン、及び酸化モリブデンのうちの少なくとも一つから構成 される、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 96. 部分酸化が、該電解質プレート及び伝導プレートの少なくとも一方の一 表面上に形成された燃焼触媒上で起きる、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器 。 97. 内部改質反応が、該電解質プレート及び伝導プレートの一方の一表面上 の改質触媒上で起きる、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 98. 燃料電池反応が、該電解質プレートの反応性材料上で起きる、請求項8 0に記載の電気化学的変換器。 99. 該改質触媒及び燃料電極材料が、該電解質プレートの表面上で互いに混 合されていることで、運転中に燃料の改質及び電気化学的反応がほぼ同時に行わ れる、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 100. 該燃焼触媒、改質触媒及び燃料電極材料が、該電解質プレートの表面 上で互いに混合されていることで、部分酸化の開始及び燃料反応体の改質がほぼ 同時に行われる、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 101. 該変換器に投入された炭化水素燃料が、H2Oの存在下で該燃料を触 媒作用により改質してH2及びCOを生じさせ、前記改質された燃料に燃料電池 反応が起きてH2O及びCO2を含む排出種が形成され、該発熱性燃料電池反応に より生じた熱は平面内を伝導により該伝導プレートまで伝えられて吸熱性改質反 応を支援する、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 102. 該変換器に投入された炭化水素燃料がO2で触媒作用により部分的に 燃焼してH2及びCOを生じ、前記部分的に燃焼した燃料に発熱性燃料電池反応 が起きてH2O及びCO2を含む排出種が形成され、該発熱性燃料電池反応により 生じた熱は平面内を伝導により該伝導プレートまで伝えられて発熱性部分酸化改 質反応を支援するのに充分な温度を提供する、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変 換器。 103. 該反応体がアルカンヒドロキシル、カルボキシルに結合した炭化水素 、カルボニルに結合した炭化水素、オリフィン炭化水素、エーテルに結合した炭 化水素、エステルに結合した炭化水素、アミンに結合した炭化水素、芳香族誘導 体に結合した炭化水素、及びその他の有機誘導体に結合した炭化水素のうちの少 なくとも一つを含む、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 104. 該変換器が、固体酸化物燃料電池、溶融カーボネート燃料電池、アル カリ燃料電池、プロトン交換膜燃料電池、及びリン酸燃料電池のいずれかから選 択される燃料電池である、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 105. 該電解質プレートが、ジルコニアを基にした材料及び酸化セリウムを 基にした材料の一方から構成される、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 106. 前記マニホルドを通過する前記反応体のうち少なくとも一つの少なく とも一部分を加熱するために、該マニホルドのうちの一つに配置された内部反応 体加熱手段をさらに含む、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 107. 前記内部反応体加熱手段が、前記マニホルドのうちの少なくとも一つ 内に突出する、前記伝導プレートの熱伝導性かつ一体形成された延長表面を含む 、請求項106に記載の電気化学的変換器。 108. 前記燃料電池反応により、前記反応体をほぼ前記運転温度まで加熱す る余熱が生じ、前記余熱は伝導により前記反応体まで前記インターコネクト・プ レート及び前記延長表面により伝えられる、請求項107に記載の電気化学的変 換器。 109. 改質された燃料を該積層プレートアセンブリの周辺部から排出するた めの周辺排出手段をさらに含む、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 110. 該伝導プレート及び電解質プレートの少なくとも一方が、該プレート の表面上に該軸方向反応体マニホルドから該反応体が通過できるようにするため の反応体流路手段を含む、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 111. 該流路手段が、該プレートの少なくとも一方の表面上で概ね均一な圧 力降下を維持することで該プレート表面上に反応体の概ね均一な流れを提供する 手段を含む、請求項110に記載の電気化学的変換器。 112. 該電解質プレートの反応性被膜が多孔質であり、該多孔質の被膜が該 反応体流路手段を形成する、請求項110に記載の電気化学的変換器。 113. 該軸方向マニホルド内の反応体流圧力降下よりも実質的に大きな反応 体流圧力降下を、該伝導プレートと対向する電解質プレートとの間に形成された 空間を通じて生じさせる手段をさらに含む、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換 器。 114. 前記積層プレートを通じて概ね均一な半径方向の反応体流分布を生じ させる手段をさらに含む、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 115. 該積層プレートアセンブリが筒状であり、該電解質プレート及び伝導 プレートの少なくとも一方の直径が約1インチから約20インチの間であり、厚 さが約0.002インチから約0.2インチの間である、請求項80に記載の電 気化学的変換器。 116. 該積層プレートを包囲して加圧改質運転を可能とするよう構成された 筒状形状の気密性封包物をさらに含む、請求項80に記載の改質装置。 117. 該変換器が、離れた動力源から電力を受け取るのに適合した電気化学 的触媒変換器であり、前記電力により前記変換器内で電気化学的反応が開始し、 前記変換器は、投入反応体中に含まれる所定の汚染物質を還元して良質の種にす るのに適合したものである、請求項80に記載の電気化学的変換器。 118. 該触媒変換器が、Nox及び炭化水素種を含め、所定の汚染物質を含 んだ排出物を受け取る手段をさらに含み、該触媒変換器は、該NOx及び炭化水 素種を還元することでN2、O2及びCO2を含む良質な種にする手段を含む、請 求項116に記載の電気化学的変換器。 119. 第一炭化水素ガス側に変換器触媒及び第一電極材料の一方を含む反応 性材料を配置し、第二緩衝ガス側に第二電極材料を含む反応性材料を配置して有 した複数の気密性変換器プレートと、 熱伝導性材料から形成された複数の気密性伝導プレートであって、前記変換器 プレート及び前記伝導プレートは交互に積層されて変換器アセンブリを形成する ものである、複数の気密性伝導プレートと、 炭化水素ガスを該変換器プレートの炭化水素ガス側に投入すると共に、緩衝ガ スを該変換器プレートの第二緩衝ガス側に投入するための手段と、 離れた動力源から電力を受け取るための手段と、 該炭化水素ガスを良質な種に転化させるための手段と を含む、触媒変換器。 120. 該伝導プレートが、該伝導プレートの平面内に概ね等温状態を得るた めの手段を含む、請求項19に記載の変換器。 121. 該変換器プレートが概ね気密性の電解質材料から形成される、請求項 19に記載の変換器。 122. 該変換器プレートが気密性イオン伝導体である、請求項19に記載の 変換器。 123. 該変換器プレートの少なくとも一方の側の電極被膜がニッケル又はニ ッケル含有化合物を含む、請求項19に記載の変換器。 124. 該変換器プレートの少なくとも一方の側の電極被膜がプラチナを含む 、請求項19に記載の変換器。 125. 該変換器プレートの少なくとも一方の側の電極被膜がパラジウムを含 む、請求項19に記載の変換器。 126. 前記変換器の受け取る電力により、該炭化水素ガス中の所定の汚染物 質が還元して良質な種になる電気化学的反応が開始する、請求項19に記載の変 換器。 127. 該アセンブリが、NOx及び炭化水素種を含む、所定の汚染物質を含 んだ排出物を受け取るのに適合しており、該触媒変換器が、該NOx及び炭化水 素種を良質な種に還元する手段をさらに含む、請求項19に記載の変換器。
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US08/631,432 US5858314A (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1996-04-12 | Thermally enhanced compact reformer |
US08/631,432 | 1996-04-12 | ||
PCT/US1997/004839 WO1997039490A2 (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1997-03-25 | Thermally enhanced compact reformer |
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GB9225188D0 (en) * | 1992-12-02 | 1993-01-20 | Rolls Royce & Ass | Combined reformer and shift reactor |
JPH06260189A (ja) * | 1993-03-01 | 1994-09-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 燃料電池 |
US5338622A (en) * | 1993-04-12 | 1994-08-16 | Ztek Corporation | Thermal control apparatus |
JPH0729589A (ja) * | 1993-07-09 | 1995-01-31 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 燃料電池発電装置におけるプレート型改質器の差圧制御方法 |
US5366819A (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1994-11-22 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Thermally integrated reformer for solid oxide fuel cells |
DK0746879T3 (da) * | 1994-03-21 | 2000-05-08 | Ztek Corp | Elektrokemisk konverter med optimal trykfordeling |
US5693201A (en) * | 1994-08-08 | 1997-12-02 | Ztek Corporation | Ultra-high efficiency turbine and fuel cell combination |
JPH0812303A (ja) * | 1994-07-05 | 1996-01-16 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | プレートリフォーマ |
US5858314A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1999-01-12 | Ztek Corporation | Thermally enhanced compact reformer |
-
1996
- 1996-04-12 US US08/631,432 patent/US5858314A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-03-25 CZ CZ983240A patent/CZ324098A3/cs unknown
- 1997-03-25 DE DE69709348T patent/DE69709348T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-25 PL PL97329316A patent/PL329316A1/xx unknown
- 1997-03-25 DK DK97916987T patent/DK0904608T3/da active
- 1997-03-25 WO PCT/US1997/004839 patent/WO1997039490A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-03-25 CA CA002251627A patent/CA2251627C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-25 IL IL12646997A patent/IL126469A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-25 EP EP97916987A patent/EP0904608B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-25 RU RU98120512/09A patent/RU2175799C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-25 AT AT97916987T patent/ATE211312T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-25 AU AU25455/97A patent/AU2545597A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-03-25 CN CNB971954674A patent/CN100367556C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-25 JP JP9537103A patent/JP2000508616A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1997-04-02 TW TW086104219A patent/TW328655B/zh active
-
1998
- 1998-10-09 NO NO19984721A patent/NO322074B1/no unknown
-
1999
- 1999-01-11 US US09/459,403 patent/US6183703B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-11-19 US US09/988,840 patent/US20020102188A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2004518598A (ja) * | 2000-08-28 | 2004-06-24 | モトローラ・インコーポレイテッド | セラミック技術を利用する水素発生装置 |
JP2003022836A (ja) * | 2001-06-15 | 2003-01-24 | Omg Ag & Co Kg | 燃料電池システムにおいて用いられるための低硫黄改質油ガスを調製するプロセス |
JP2006347844A (ja) * | 2005-06-20 | 2006-12-28 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 水素製造装置 |
JP4673679B2 (ja) * | 2005-06-20 | 2011-04-20 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 水素製造装置 |
JP2007200709A (ja) * | 2006-01-26 | 2007-08-09 | Nippon Oil Corp | 固体酸化物形燃料電池スタックおよびその運転方法 |
JP2007200702A (ja) * | 2006-01-26 | 2007-08-09 | Nippon Oil Corp | 固体酸化物形燃料電池およびその運転方法 |
JP2010195625A (ja) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-09-09 | Kyocera Corp | 改質器、セルスタック装置および燃料電池モジュールならびに燃料電池装置 |
JP2010235406A (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-21 | Toyota Industries Corp | 改質器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN100367556C (zh) | 2008-02-06 |
WO1997039490A2 (en) | 1997-10-23 |
DK0904608T3 (da) | 2002-04-15 |
US5858314A (en) | 1999-01-12 |
DE69709348D1 (de) | 2002-01-31 |
CZ324098A3 (cs) | 1999-04-14 |
NO322074B1 (no) | 2006-08-14 |
RU2175799C2 (ru) | 2001-11-10 |
AU2545597A (en) | 1997-11-07 |
CN1222256A (zh) | 1999-07-07 |
US6183703B1 (en) | 2001-02-06 |
PL329316A1 (en) | 1999-03-15 |
TW328655B (en) | 1998-03-21 |
EP0904608A2 (en) | 1999-03-31 |
CA2251627A1 (en) | 1997-10-23 |
US20020102188A1 (en) | 2002-08-01 |
IL126469A0 (en) | 1999-08-17 |
ATE211312T1 (de) | 2002-01-15 |
EP0904608B1 (en) | 2001-12-19 |
NO984721D0 (no) | 1998-10-09 |
WO1997039490A3 (en) | 1998-01-08 |
CA2251627C (en) | 2002-07-30 |
NO984721L (no) | 1998-12-07 |
DE69709348T2 (de) | 2002-09-26 |
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