IT1231615B - Disposizione di guida dell'aria di raffreddamento nella zona anteriore di autoveicoli - Google Patents
Disposizione di guida dell'aria di raffreddamento nella zona anteriore di autoveicoliInfo
- Publication number
- IT1231615B IT1231615B IT8948128A IT4812889A IT1231615B IT 1231615 B IT1231615 B IT 1231615B IT 8948128 A IT8948128 A IT 8948128A IT 4812889 A IT4812889 A IT 4812889A IT 1231615 B IT1231615 B IT 1231615B
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- guidance
- vehicles
- cooling air
- front area
- area
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
- B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3227—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the arrangement or the type of heat exchanger, e.g. condenser, evaporator
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
- B60K11/08—Air inlets for cooling; Shutters or blinds therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
- B60L8/006—Converting flow of air into electric energy, e.g. by using wind turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
- F01P11/10—Guiding or ducting cooling-air, to, or from, liquid-to-air heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
- F01P2060/02—Intercooler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
- F01P2060/04—Lubricant cooler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
- F01P2060/08—Cabin heater
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S180/00—Motor vehicles
- Y10S180/903—Airstream reactive vehicle or vehicle structure
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3825071A DE3825071C1 (it) | 1988-07-23 | 1988-07-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
IT8948128A0 IT8948128A0 (it) | 1989-06-26 |
IT1231615B true IT1231615B (it) | 1991-12-18 |
Family
ID=6359392
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
IT8948128A IT1231615B (it) | 1988-07-23 | 1989-06-26 | Disposizione di guida dell'aria di raffreddamento nella zona anteriore di autoveicoli |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4938303A (it) |
JP (1) | JPH085329B2 (it) |
DE (1) | DE3825071C1 (it) |
FR (1) | FR2635489B1 (it) |
GB (1) | GB2221201B (it) |
IT (1) | IT1231615B (it) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103175326A (zh) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-06-26 | 柳州力通车用空调有限公司 | 车用空调机 |
Families Citing this family (77)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3917108C1 (it) * | 1989-05-26 | 1990-08-02 | Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De | |
DE3930076C1 (it) * | 1989-09-09 | 1991-02-14 | Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De | |
US5209285A (en) * | 1990-09-24 | 1993-05-11 | General Motors Corporation | Inclined tube radiator |
DE4105546C1 (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1992-08-27 | Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De | Fan hood for car air conditioning installation - is divided into frame parts, one of universal type and anther one fitting fan and car type |
DE4112811C2 (de) * | 1991-04-19 | 1998-01-29 | Audi Ag | Wärmetauscher für Kraftfahrzeuge |
DE4132570A1 (de) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-04-08 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Kraftfahrzeug-vorderbau |
US5180003A (en) * | 1992-01-14 | 1993-01-19 | Caterpillar Inc. | Dual fan cooling system |
DE4323176C1 (de) * | 1993-07-10 | 1995-01-12 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Kühleinrichtung für Brennkraftmaschinen |
US5551505A (en) * | 1994-10-03 | 1996-09-03 | Ford Motor Company | Heat exchanger inlet duct with a center baffle |
JPH08270444A (ja) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-15 | Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd | 建設機械の冷却構造 |
GB2312738A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1997-11-05 | Rover Group | Heat exchanger assembly |
GB9709446D0 (en) * | 1997-05-10 | 1997-07-02 | Rover Group | A heat exchanger assembly for a motor vehicle |
US6026768A (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-02-22 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat deflection system for a lawn tractor |
GB2343740A (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2000-05-17 | Rover Group | Vehicle radiator/condenser arrangement |
US6308795B2 (en) | 1998-12-03 | 2001-10-30 | Caterpillar Inc. | Radiator mounting arrangement for a work machine |
US6793028B2 (en) | 1999-05-11 | 2004-09-21 | Caterpillar S.A.R.L. | Mounting arrangement for a radiator assembly of a work machine |
US6883589B2 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2005-04-26 | Denso Corporation | Front end structure |
US6431299B1 (en) * | 2000-04-05 | 2002-08-13 | Clark Equipment Company | Cooling air ducting for excavator |
US6634418B2 (en) | 2000-06-13 | 2003-10-21 | International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc | T—style radiator—charge air cooler packaging for a mobile vehicle |
JP2002274430A (ja) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-25 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | 車体の前部構造 |
DE10112424A1 (de) | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-26 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Kraftwagenbug mit einer Stoßfängereinheit |
US6739419B2 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2004-05-25 | International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc | Vehicle engine cooling system without a fan |
JP4074122B2 (ja) * | 2002-04-11 | 2008-04-09 | カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 | 自動車の車体前部構造 |
DE10226851A1 (de) * | 2002-06-15 | 2004-01-08 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Kondensatoranordnung für Fahrzeugklimaanlagen |
DE10248440B4 (de) * | 2002-10-17 | 2008-09-18 | Daimler Ag | Luftführung im Vorbau eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
US6951240B2 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2005-10-04 | Transpro, Inc. | Heat exchanger package |
DE10315379A1 (de) * | 2003-04-04 | 2004-11-04 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Vorbau eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
JP2005053464A (ja) * | 2003-07-24 | 2005-03-03 | Denso Corp | 車両の前端構造 |
US7017531B2 (en) | 2003-08-14 | 2006-03-28 | International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc | Vehicle intercool system |
DE10341700A1 (de) * | 2003-09-10 | 2005-04-28 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Kraftfahrzeug |
US7228885B2 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2007-06-12 | Proliance International, Inc. | Heat exchanger package with split radiator and split charge air cooler |
US7178579B2 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2007-02-20 | Proliance International Inc. | Heat exchanger package with split charge air cooler |
US7766111B2 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2010-08-03 | Daimler Trucks North America Llc | Selective closing of at least one vehicle opening at a front portion of a vehicle |
JP4557738B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-04 | 2010-10-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池車の冷却装置 |
DE102005039090A1 (de) * | 2005-08-06 | 2007-02-08 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Montageträgersystem |
DE102005037149B4 (de) * | 2005-08-06 | 2016-01-21 | Daimler Ag | Frontstruktur eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
DE102005044559A1 (de) * | 2005-09-17 | 2007-03-29 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Anordnung zur Kühlung einer Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges, insbesondere Kühlmodul |
JP2007091062A (ja) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-04-12 | Denso Corp | 車両の前端構造 |
JP4650261B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-28 | 2011-03-16 | スズキ株式会社 | 過給機付エンジンのインタークーラ配設構造 |
US7464700B2 (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2008-12-16 | Proliance International Inc. | Method for cooling an internal combustion engine having exhaust gas recirculation and charge air cooling |
CN101432507B (zh) * | 2006-04-28 | 2012-05-02 | 斯堪尼亚有限公司 | 车辆中冷却风扇装置 |
US20080023173A1 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2008-01-31 | Valeo, Inc. | Fan shroud for automotive applications |
FR2920727B1 (fr) * | 2007-09-10 | 2010-02-19 | Plastic Omnium Cie | Pare-chocs comprenant une bordure inferieure et une grille d'entree d'air |
KR100936979B1 (ko) | 2007-11-30 | 2010-01-15 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 자동차의 프런트 엔드 모듈 |
JP4450066B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-25 | 2010-04-14 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 車両前部構造 |
US7992664B2 (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2011-08-09 | Kunststoff Schwanden Ag | Jalousie for a vehicle |
JP4909972B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-02 | 2012-04-04 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 車両用エンジンの冷却装置 |
US7665554B1 (en) * | 2009-04-21 | 2010-02-23 | Walsh Richard T | Recharging system for electrically powered vehicle, and vehicle incorporating same |
FR2950574B1 (fr) * | 2009-09-29 | 2012-03-23 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Bloc d'echange thermique pour vehicule automobile |
FR2952342B1 (fr) * | 2009-11-12 | 2011-12-23 | Faurecia Bloc Avant | Poutre transversale avant de vehicule automobile comprenant un element de carenage arriere |
US10393005B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2019-08-27 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Fuel efficient powertrain cooling systems and radiator modules |
DE102010026298A1 (de) * | 2010-07-06 | 2012-01-12 | Dr.Ing.H.C.F.Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Frontbugteil eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
DE102010035367B4 (de) * | 2010-08-25 | 2021-06-24 | Audi Ag | Crashenergieabsorbierende Anordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit Hybridantrieb oder Elektroantrieb |
US20120090906A1 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2012-04-19 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Ventilation assembly for a front exterior of a vehicle |
EP2441612B1 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2012-09-19 | C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni | Roller shutter device for adjusting the air flow entering into the engine compartment of a motor-vehicle |
US8479852B2 (en) | 2011-02-07 | 2013-07-09 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Vehicle component air flow ducting system |
US9061585B2 (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2015-06-23 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Cooling air introduction apparatus for vehicle |
US8434579B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2013-05-07 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Air separator and air separator with ducting for maximum cooling and fuel economy |
US20130081888A1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Reconfigurable baseline opening for under-hood airflow |
US8453777B2 (en) | 2011-10-24 | 2013-06-04 | Deere & Company | Cooling fan duct assembly |
US8708075B2 (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2014-04-29 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Front end structure for vehicle |
US9714602B2 (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2017-07-25 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Airflow directing member for a vehicle engine compartment |
JP5758338B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-29 | 2015-08-05 | 株式会社クボタ | 作業機 |
GB201216941D0 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2012-11-07 | Mclaren Automotive Ltd | Devices for controlling the down force generated by a vehicle |
KR101923645B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-22 | 2018-11-30 | 한온시스템 주식회사 | 차량용 에어덕트 |
DE102014110198A1 (de) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-01-21 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Bug eines Kraftfahrzeuges |
US10766340B2 (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2020-09-08 | Hanon Systems | Air conditioner system for vehicle |
US9333849B2 (en) | 2014-07-29 | 2016-05-10 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Co-injected sealing structure of an air recirculation prevention device |
GB2531544A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-04-27 | Daimler Ag | Grille for a vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle as well as a vehicle |
DE102014222268A1 (de) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-04 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Frontschürze mit kanalartigen Luftleiteinrichtungen |
US10293679B2 (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2019-05-21 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Aerodynamic device to optimize air flow through heat exchangers |
DE102014117007A1 (de) * | 2014-11-20 | 2016-05-25 | Valeo Klimasysteme Gmbh | Kühlmodul einer Fahrzeugklimaanlage sowie Baugruppe zur Kühlung eines Kraftfahrzeugmotors mit einem solchen Kühlmodul |
US10252611B2 (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2019-04-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Active seal arrangement for use with vehicle condensers |
US9969342B2 (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2018-05-15 | Ford Global Technologies Llc | Body-on-frame bumper step pad with seal between bumper beam and radiator grill |
US10166859B1 (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-01 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Active underbody arrangement for a vehicle |
FR3095390B1 (fr) * | 2019-04-26 | 2021-04-02 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Ensemble de refroidissement pour un véhicule automobile |
KR20210076499A (ko) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-06-24 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 능동형 에어커튼 장치, 능동형 에어커튼 시스템 및 그것의 제어 방법 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2306317A1 (de) * | 1973-02-09 | 1974-08-15 | Porsche Ag | Kraftfahrzeug, insbesondere personenkraftwagen |
JPS6030421Y2 (ja) * | 1981-05-29 | 1985-09-12 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 過給機付内燃機関の過給空気冷却装置 |
DE3132341C2 (de) * | 1981-08-17 | 1987-02-05 | Ford-Werke AG, 5000 Köln | Kraftfahrzeugfrontende mit einer verstellbaren Luftleiteinrichtung |
DE3150152A1 (de) * | 1981-12-18 | 1983-06-30 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | "spoiler fuer kraftwagen" |
DE3211149A1 (de) * | 1982-03-26 | 1983-10-13 | Ford-Werke AG, 5000 Köln | Motorkuehleinrichtung fuer kraftfahrzeuge |
JPS601918U (ja) * | 1983-06-20 | 1985-01-09 | カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 | 自動車用熱交換装置 |
JPS6022427U (ja) * | 1983-07-25 | 1985-02-15 | マツダ株式会社 | 自動車の前部車体構造 |
DE3338466C2 (de) * | 1983-10-22 | 1987-01-02 | Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Kühlluftführung für ein Kraftfahrzeug, insbesondere für einen Personenwagen |
JPS6189926A (ja) * | 1984-10-11 | 1986-05-08 | Toyota Motor Corp | 空冷式インタ−ク−ラ構造 |
JPS6266818U (it) * | 1985-10-18 | 1987-04-25 | ||
DE3611713C1 (en) * | 1986-04-08 | 1987-05-21 | Daimler Benz Ag | Radiator fan system in a motor vehicle |
DE3630646C1 (en) * | 1986-09-09 | 1987-07-02 | Daimler Benz Ag | Front panelling for vehicles, especially passenger motor vehicles |
-
1988
- 1988-07-23 DE DE3825071A patent/DE3825071C1/de not_active Expired
-
1989
- 1989-06-23 GB GB8914485A patent/GB2221201B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-26 IT IT8948128A patent/IT1231615B/it active
- 1989-07-20 JP JP1186223A patent/JPH085329B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-21 US US07/383,211 patent/US4938303A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-21 FR FR898909859A patent/FR2635489B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103175326A (zh) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-06-26 | 柳州力通车用空调有限公司 | 车用空调机 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT8948128A0 (it) | 1989-06-26 |
GB2221201B (en) | 1992-07-08 |
GB2221201A (en) | 1990-01-31 |
JPH0268221A (ja) | 1990-03-07 |
FR2635489A1 (fr) | 1990-02-23 |
GB8914485D0 (en) | 1989-08-09 |
JPH085329B2 (ja) | 1996-01-24 |
US4938303A (en) | 1990-07-03 |
FR2635489B1 (fr) | 1991-10-31 |
DE3825071C1 (it) | 1989-10-05 |
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