FR3062384A1 - Procede de preparation d'un materiau composite phosphate de vanadium-carbone par voie liquide - Google Patents
Procede de preparation d'un materiau composite phosphate de vanadium-carbone par voie liquide Download PDFInfo
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- FR3062384A1 FR3062384A1 FR1750832A FR1750832A FR3062384A1 FR 3062384 A1 FR3062384 A1 FR 3062384A1 FR 1750832 A FR1750832 A FR 1750832A FR 1750832 A FR1750832 A FR 1750832A FR 3062384 A1 FR3062384 A1 FR 3062384A1
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- composite material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/37—Phosphates of heavy metals
- C01B25/372—Phosphates of heavy metals of titanium, vanadium, zirconium, niobium, hafnium or tantalum
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- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/455—Phosphates containing halogen
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/01—Crystal-structural characteristics depicted by a TEM-image
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/02—Amorphous compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/74—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by peak-intensities or a ratio thereof only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/76—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by a space-group or by other symmetry indications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/77—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by unit-cell parameters, atom positions or structure diagrams
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/88—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by thermal analysis data, e.g. TGA, DTA, DSC
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
- REVENDICATIONS1. Procédé de préparation d'un matériau composite de phosphate de vanadium et de carbone répondant à la formule VPO4/C, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes :i) le mélange d'un précurseur de vanadium, H3PO4, d'un composé comprenant au moins une fonction acide carboxylique dans un solvant aqueux, étant entendu que lorsque le composé comprenant au moins une fonction acide carboxylique est différent d'un précurseur de carbone, le mélange comprend en outre un composé précurseur de carbone, ii) le chauffage du mélange de l'étape i) à une température allant de 35°C à 100°C, afin de former un résidu solide, et iii) le chauffage du résidu solide à une température supérieure à 850°C.
- 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le précurseur de vanadium est V2O5.
- 3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le composé comprenant au moins une fonction acide carboxylique comprend de 2 à 10 atomes de carbone.
- 4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le composé comprenant au moins une fonction acide carboxylique est un acide carboxylique ou polycarboxylique saturé choisi parmi l'acide oxalique, l'acide citrique, l’acide glycolique, l’acide lactique, l’acide tartrique, l’acide malique, l’acide succinique, l’acide glycolique, l'acide malonique, l'acide glutarique, l’acide adipique, l'acide isocitrique, l'acide oxalosuccinique et l’acide tricarballylique.
- 5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le rapport molaire [composé comprenant au moins une fonction acide carboxylique/élément vanadium dans le précurseur de vanadium] varie de 1 à 2.
- 6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le composé précurseur de carbone est choisi parmi l'éthylène glycol et le glycérol.
- 7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le rapport molaire [composé précurseur de carbone/élément vanadium dans le précurseur de vanadium] varie de 0,05 à 2.
- 8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le mélange de l'étape i) comprend :- soit de l'acide citrique,- soit de l'acide oxalique et de l'éthylène glycol ou du glycérol.
- 9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le mélange de l'étape i) comprend en outre un liant.
- 10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le liant est l'agar-agar.
- 11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'étape iii) dure au plus 8h.
- 12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'étape iii) est conduite à une température comprise entre 880°C et 900°C.
- 13. Matériau composite de phosphate de vanadium et de carbone, caractérisé en ce qu'il est obtenu selon un procédé tel que défini à l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
- 14. Matériau composite de phosphate de vanadium et de carbone selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des particules de VPO4 revêtues d'une couche de carbone amorphe.
- 15. Utilisation d'un matériau composite de phosphate de vanadium et de carbone obtenu selon un procédé tel que défini à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, comme précurseur pour la préparation de matériaux électrochimiquement actifs d'électrodes.
- 16. Utilisation d'un matériau composite de phosphate de vanadium et de carbone obtenu selon un procédé tel que défini à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, comme matériau actif d'anode.
- 17. Matériau composite de formule Na3V2(PO4)2F3/C, caractérisé en ce5 qu'il est obtenu à partir d'un matériau composite de phosphate de vanadium et de carbone de formule VPO4/C tel que défini dans la revendication 13 ou 14 ou obtenu selon un procédé tel que défini à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12.
- 18. Matériau composite selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce 10 qu'il présente les paramètres de maille suivants : a = 9,0294(2) Â, b = 9,0445(2) Â, c = 10,7528(2) Â dans le système cristallin Amam.
- 19. Matériau composite de formule Na3V2(PO4)2F3/C, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente les paramètres de maille suivants : a = 9,0294(2) Â, b = 9,0445(2) Â, c = 10,7528(2) Â dans le système cristallin Amam.1/5
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1750832A FR3062384B1 (fr) | 2017-02-01 | 2017-02-01 | Procede de preparation d'un materiau composite phosphate de vanadium-carbone par voie liquide |
| PCT/FR2018/050248 WO2018142082A1 (fr) | 2017-02-01 | 2018-02-01 | Procédé de préparation d'un matériau composite phosphate de vanadium-carbone par voie liquide |
| CN201880009629.9A CN110770165A (zh) | 2017-02-01 | 2018-02-01 | 用于制备磷酸钒-碳复合材料的液体方法 |
| KR1020197022282A KR102574245B1 (ko) | 2017-02-01 | 2018-02-01 | 인산 바나듐-탄소 복합 재료 제조를 위한 액체 방법 |
| JP2019541233A JP7106551B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 | 2018-02-01 | リン酸バナジウム-炭素複合材料を作製するための液体法 |
| EP18712940.8A EP3577068A1 (fr) | 2017-02-01 | 2018-02-01 | Procédé de préparation d'un matériau composite phosphate de vanadium-carbone par voie liquide |
| US16/481,705 US11569497B2 (en) | 2017-02-01 | 2018-02-01 | Liquid process for preparing a vanadium phosphate-carbon composite material |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1750832A FR3062384B1 (fr) | 2017-02-01 | 2017-02-01 | Procede de preparation d'un materiau composite phosphate de vanadium-carbone par voie liquide |
| FR1750832 | 2017-02-01 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR3062384A1 true FR3062384A1 (fr) | 2018-08-03 |
| FR3062384B1 FR3062384B1 (fr) | 2021-02-12 |
Family
ID=58645217
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1750832A Active FR3062384B1 (fr) | 2017-02-01 | 2017-02-01 | Procede de preparation d'un materiau composite phosphate de vanadium-carbone par voie liquide |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11569497B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3577068A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP7106551B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR102574245B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN110770165A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3062384B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018142082A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112850684B (zh) * | 2019-11-27 | 2022-07-08 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种氟磷酸钒锂的制备方法及应用 |
| CN112421027B (zh) * | 2020-11-17 | 2022-02-11 | 常州大学 | 表面改性的多孔六边形Na3V2(PO4)2F3碳包覆微米球及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN112678787B (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-05-13 | 大连博融新材料有限公司 | 一种晶相纯度高且可溶高价钒含量低的复合磷酸钒、其制备方法及用途 |
| CN112694076B (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-05-13 | 大连博融新材料有限公司 | 一种碳复合磷酸钒的修复方法 |
| CN116868430B (zh) * | 2021-12-16 | 2024-08-09 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 电池单体、电池、用电装置、制造方法及制造设备 |
| US20230331555A1 (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2023-10-19 | Lithium Werks Technology Bv | Methods for Preparation of Electroactive Lithium Mixed Metal Materials for High Energy Density Batteries |
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| US20020192553A1 (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2002-12-19 | Jeremy Barker | Sodium ion batteries |
| CN103594716A (zh) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-02-19 | 天津工业大学 | 一种制备钠离子电池正极材料氟磷酸钒钠的方法 |
| CN102774821B (zh) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-05-21 | 四川大学 | 一种磷酸钒锂的固相-水热制备方法 |
| CN103872324B (zh) * | 2014-03-28 | 2016-08-24 | 中南大学 | 一种花瓣状锂离子电池负极材料vpo4的制备方法 |
| WO2017064189A1 (fr) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-20 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procede de preparation d'un materiau particulaire na3v2(po4)2f3 |
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| US20070160519A1 (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2007-07-12 | Jeremy Barker | Method Of Making Active Materials For Use In Secondary Electrochemical Cells |
| US20090035661A1 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-05 | Jeffrey Swoyer | Synthesis of cathode active materials |
| CN102259844A (zh) * | 2011-06-29 | 2011-11-30 | 扬州欧畅电源科技有限公司 | 锂离子电池正极材料磷酸亚铁锂的磷酸固相法合成工艺 |
| CN102623708A (zh) * | 2012-04-12 | 2012-08-01 | 上海智荣科技有限责任公司 | 锂离子电池正极用磷酸钒锂/石墨烯复合材料的制备方法 |
| CN103094568A (zh) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-05-08 | 河北师范大学 | 一种磷酸铁锂材料的制备方法 |
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| CN104134799B (zh) * | 2014-08-15 | 2016-12-07 | 武汉理工力强能源有限公司 | 碳修饰多孔磷酸钒锂纳米球材料及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN105470479B (zh) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-12-01 | 中南大学 | 一种改性的磷酸锰锂复合正极材料及其制备方法 |
| CN105552328A (zh) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-04 | 华中科技大学 | 一种磷酸钒钠钠离子电池正极材料及其制备方法 |
| CN105655565B (zh) * | 2016-04-08 | 2018-01-09 | 苏州大学 | 一种钠离子电池复合正极材料及其制备方法 |
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2017
- 2017-02-01 FR FR1750832A patent/FR3062384B1/fr active Active
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2018
- 2018-02-01 WO PCT/FR2018/050248 patent/WO2018142082A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2018-02-01 CN CN201880009629.9A patent/CN110770165A/zh active Pending
- 2018-02-01 US US16/481,705 patent/US11569497B2/en active Active
- 2018-02-01 EP EP18712940.8A patent/EP3577068A1/fr active Pending
- 2018-02-01 KR KR1020197022282A patent/KR102574245B1/ko active Active
- 2018-02-01 JP JP2019541233A patent/JP7106551B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20190393492A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 |
| EP3577068A1 (fr) | 2019-12-11 |
| JP2020506148A (ja) | 2020-02-27 |
| WO2018142082A1 (fr) | 2018-08-09 |
| FR3062384B1 (fr) | 2021-02-12 |
| KR20190140900A (ko) | 2019-12-20 |
| KR102574245B1 (ko) | 2023-09-04 |
| JP7106551B2 (ja) | 2022-07-26 |
| CN110770165A (zh) | 2020-02-07 |
| US11569497B2 (en) | 2023-01-31 |
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