ES2330228T3 - Cateter con balon con stent no desplegable. - Google Patents

Cateter con balon con stent no desplegable. Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2330228T3
ES2330228T3 ES04782334T ES04782334T ES2330228T3 ES 2330228 T3 ES2330228 T3 ES 2330228T3 ES 04782334 T ES04782334 T ES 04782334T ES 04782334 T ES04782334 T ES 04782334T ES 2330228 T3 ES2330228 T3 ES 2330228T3
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Spain
Prior art keywords
stent
balloon
catheter
ball
elongation
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Robert C. Farnan
Dirk Voland Hoyns
Anand Ram
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AngioScore LLC
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AngioScore LLC
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Abstract

Un stent no desplegable (102) adaptado para ser fijado a un catéter de balón de angioplastia que comprenda: Un extremo proximal (103); Un extremo distal (104); Al menos una sección de expansión entre dichos extremos que comprenda al menos un anillo serpenteante (114) que se acorte al expandirse el balón situado debajo; Al menos un enlace de elongación (116); y Al menos una sección de extensión (112) que se extienda desde uno de dichos extremos y que tenga una pestaña (110) adaptada para ser fijada a un cuerpo del catéter, de manera que el stent(102) adquiera una memoria de forma que el stent (102) se pliegue al desinflarse el balón; que se caracteriza por que al menos una sección de extensión (112) y al menos un enlace de elongación (116) se disponen para expandirse longitudinalmente y compensar algún acortamiento de la longitud de los anillos serpenteantes al inflarse el balón.

Description

Catéter con balón con stent no desplegable.
Fundamento de la invención
Cuando un catéter con balón utilizado para la angioplastia transluminal percutánea (PTA) o bien para la angioplastia coronaria transluminal percutánea (PTCA) se infla y se fuerza a que entre en contacto con la placa, el catéter con balón puede tener una tendencia a desplazarse o deslizarse longitudinalmente en relación con la lesión o la pared vascular que está siendo tratada.
Recientemente los catéteres con balones para cortar placa de aterotoma han demostrado tener eficacia clínica en la prevención de la reaparición de algunos tipos de restenosis (lesiones específicamente calcificadas y restenosis de la endoprótesis). El catéter con balón para cortar placas de aterotoma es un catéter de dilatación coronario con 3 a 4 aterotomas (cuchillas microquirúrgicas) enlazadas longitudinalmente por la superficie del catéter. A medida que se infla el catéter, los aterotomas se desplazan radialmente y abren la arteria ocluida cortando y comprimiendo la placa arterial de forma controlada. Una ventaja adicional del catéter con balón para cortar es que mantiene su posición mientras se infla utilizando las cuchillas metálicas de la superficie externa del catéter para penetrar en el tejido e inmovilizar el catéter.
De acuerdo con todo ello, el objetivo principal de la presente invención es conseguir un catéter de PTA o de PTCA que al igual que un catéter con balón para cortar placas de aterotoma, tenga un potencial reducido de deslizamiento cuando se infla en un vaso.
La patente WO03/041760 informa sobre un catéter con globo de angioplastia que incluye un stent no desplegable para prevenir o reducir el potencial de deslizamiento del balón inflado con respecto a la pared del vaso que está siendo tratada. El balón incluye un stent no desplegable que se adapta para que se pueda fijar al catéter con balón o al catéter con balón de angioplastia. El stent tiene un extremo proximal, un extremo distal, y al menos tres puntales espaciados radialmente, cada uno de los cuales conecta el extremo proximal al extremo distal y tiene uno o más curvas o codos que permiten la expansión del puntal para facilitar el inflado del balón. El stent es de un material que se pliega al desinflarse el globo.
Resumen de la invención
De acuerdo con un primer aspecto de la presente invención, se pretende conseguir un stent no desplegable que se pueda fijar a un catéter con balón de angioplastia que comprenda: un extremo proximal; un extremo distal; al menos una sección de expansión entre dichos extremos que comprenda al menos un aro serpenteante que se acorte con la expansión de un catéter situado debajo; al menos un enlace de elongación; y al menos una sección de extensión que se extienda desde uno de dichos extremos y que tenga una pestaña o un ala que se fije al cuerpo del catéter, de manera que tanto la sección de extensión como al menos un enlace de elongación se dispongan de manera que se expandan longitudinalmente para compensar cualquier acortamiento de la longitud de los aros o anillos serpenteantes al inflarse el balón; para ello el stent tiene una memoria de manera que el stent se pliega al desinflarse el globo.
Breve descripción de los dibujos
La figura 1 es una visión en perspectiva de un catéter de angioplastia inflado que incorpora un stent no desplegable.
La figura 2 es una visión en planta del catéter de angioplastia y de un stent no desplegable de la figura 1.
La figura 3 es una visión en perspectiva del stent no desplegable en su estado expandido, tal como se muestra en la figura 1, con el balón de angioplastia aparte para poder ver más claramente el stent.
La figura 4 es una visión en planta del stent no desplegable de la figura 3.
La figura 5 es una visión en perspectiva de una configuración distinta del stent no desplegable asociado a un balón de angioplastia que tiene una longitud de trabajo mayor que el balón de angioplastia que aparece en las figuras 1 y 2.
La figura 6 es un esquema de ingeniería, en una visión en planta, que muestra el diseño de un stent no desplegable adaptado para ser utilizado con un balón de angioplastia de 20 mm de longitud (todas las dimensiones que aparecen en el dibujo son en pulgadas).
La figura 7 es una visión en perspectiva de un catéter con balón de angioplastia inflado que incorpora una configuración alternativa de un stent no desplegable que no incluye ningún elemento de conexión entre los puntales situados entre los extremos del catéter.
La figura 8 es una visión en perspectiva del stent no desplegable que aparece en la figura 7, con el balón de angioplastia aparte para ver más claramente el stent.
Las figuras 9 y 10 son visiones en perspectiva similares a las figuras 1, 5 y 7.
La figura 11 es una visión en perspectiva de otro ejemplo que muestra el catéter con balón y el stent no desplegable junto con un catéter.
La figura 12 es un esquema de ingeniería, en una visión en planta, que muestra el diseño de una configuración de un stent no desplegable adaptado para ser utilizado con un balón de angioplastia de acuerdo con la presente invención.
La figura 13 es un esquema de ingeniería que muestra el diseño de un stent no desplegable distinto de la configuración de la figura 12.
Descripción
El stent no desplegable de la presente invención se puede utilizar junto con un catéter con balón convencional. Un catéter de PTA o PTCA (catéter de dilatación) puede ser un catéter coaxial con unos elementos internos y externos que comprenden una luz a base de un cable guía y una luz para el inflado del balón, respectivamente. Cada elemento puede tener hasta 3 capas y puede estar reforzado por trenzas. El extremo proximal del catéter tiene un conector luer para el cable guía y para conectar un medio de inflado, y un tubo de alivio de la tensión que se extiende distalmente una distancia corta desde el conector luer. Los extremos distales de los elementos exterior e interior pueden incluir un estrechamiento. El eje del catéter se ha construido usando materiales y procesos convencionales. Un catéter que tiene un tubo de conexión al durómetro con una tecnología de dureza variable es también una posibilidad. El catéter debería ser compatible con las vainas o fundas estándar y con los catéteres guía que son bien conocidos en el mercado. Opcionalmente, el catéter puede tener un diseño de múltiples luces.
El balón 1 puede estar fabricado a base de nylon o de un copolímero de nylon (elástico, no perforante), o de PET (presión elevada, no elástico) con un uretano, polímero o bien otro material y revestimiento conocido, para darle adherencia y/o resistencia a la punción. El catéter con balón puede ser un catéter con varias capas con una capa interior no elástica hasta una capa exterior más elástica o bien a base de varias capas con material similar. Por ejemplo, una capa interior de PET, que consiga un balón de presión superior, rodeada de una capa externa de nylon, que le proporcione una superficie más resistente a la punción. El balón puede ser de 1,5-12 mm de diámetro (1,5-4 mm para los vasos coronarios y 4-12 mm para los vasos periféricos) y 15-60 mm de longitud (5-40 mm para los vasos coronarios y hasta 60 mm para los vasos periféricos). La presión de inflado del balón será de 8-20 atmósferas dependiendo del grosor de la pared del balón. Cuando está inflado, los extremos o cuellos del balón tienen forma de cono.
De acuerdo con la invención, el balón dispone de Nitinol (NiTi) o bien otro material como, por ejemplo, un metal líquido, acero inoxidable u otro material similar, estructura 2, que incorpora unas tiras para la expansión radial y longitudinal del Nitinol estructura 2 como respuesta a la expansión longitudinal y radial del balón durante el inflado, de manera que el Nitinol estructura 2 mantiene el balón en su posición prevista durante el inflado. Este Nitinol estructura 2 se puede describir como un stent temporal o no desplegable que permite tanto una fisuración controlada de la oclusión del vaso como un agarre de la pared del vaso durante un procedimiento de angioplastia. La estructura Nitinol 2 comprende un tubo para hipoglucemia de corte por láser que se expande al inflarse el balón, pero que se pliega al desinflarse el balón debido a las propiedades súper elásticas del material de Nitinol, y no se mantiene expandido en la posición desplegada como harían la mayoría de los stents en general.
La estructura de Nitinol o del stent 2 no desplegable tiene un extremo proximal 3, un extremo distal 4 y, entre ellos de 3 a 12 puntales o cables 5 (dependiendo del tamaño del globo - pero más probablemente 3-4 puntales) con un modelo de codos radiales y longitudinales. El uso del corte por láser en conexión con la fabricación del stent es bien conocido (Ver, por ejemplo, Meridan y cols. Patente U.S. nr. 5.994.667), así como el uso de la aleación súper-elástica de níquel-titanio el Nitinol (ver por ejemplo, Huang y cols., Patente americana nº 6.312.459).
Como se puede ver en las figuras 1-4 que muestran un ejemplo que no es parte de la invención, cada extremo de los cuatro puntales 5 tiene una curva o codo tipo sinusoidal que permite que el tubo para hipoglucemia de corte por láser se expanda longitudinalmente cuando el balón 1 se infla. La longitud lineal de los codos tipo sinusoidal 6 tiene un tamaño para acomodar la expansión longitudinal del balón 1 debido al proceso de inflado. La forma de la sección transversal del puntal o del cable 5 puede ser redonda, triangular, elíptica, ovalada o rectangular. El grosor preferido de los puntales 5 oscila entre 0,076 y 0,26 mm (0,003 a 0,010 pulgadas).
En el centro longitudinal del tubo, un conector a modo de circunferencia en forma de U 7 une cada puntal 5 al puntal adyacente. Como se puede ver en las figuras 3 y 4, los conectores 7 en forma de U están en los lados opuestos del eje radial central. El extremo distal 4 del tubo de hipoglucemia está adherido al cuello distal del balón o bien al extremo distal del eje del catéter, y el extremo proximal 3 del tubo está unido al cuello proximal del balón o bien al extremo proximal del eje del catéter. Los puntales 5 pueden estar sujetos a la zona de trabajo del balón 1 para ayudar a que el tubo de hipoglucemia permanezca con el balón a medida que se infla y desinfla.
Los ejes del catéter a los cuales están adheridos el balón y el tubo de corte por láser pueden tener diámetros que oscilen entre 2,5F y 8F, y el extremo distal puede estrecharse y tener un diámetro ligeramente inferior que el extremo proximal.
En la figura 6, las dimensiones del tubo de corte por láser son para utilizar con un balón de 3 mm de diámetro (0,118 in) por 20 mm de longitud. La circunferencia de un balón de 3 mm es IID=3.14 (3 mm)=9,42 mm o 0,37 pulg. Como bien se puede apreciar, la longitud total de los conectores 7 en forma de U (arriba y detrás) debe ser mayor que la circunferencia del balón inflado 1. La longitud de cada conector en forma de U 7 (arriba y detrás), se puede calcular usando la ecuación siguiente:
\frac{\pi \ d}{n},
Donde d es el diámetro del balón inflado y n es el número de puntales. La longitud total de los codos en forma de U (arriba y detrás) debe exceder esta longitud.
El número resultante se divide por 2 para tener la longitud que cada lateral arriba y detrás del conector en forma de U debería exceder. Por ejemplo: para un balón de 3 mm compatible, tubo de hipoglucemia de corte por láser con cuatro puntales, la longitud de cada conector en forma de U (arriba y detrás) es de 9,4 mm (0,37 pulgadas) dividido por 4 = 2,35 mm (0,0925 pulg.). Además dividir por 2 para obtener 1,17 mm (0,04625 pulg.). Esta es la longitud que cada lateral del conector en forma de U deberá exceder.
Existen también uno o más grupos de conectores 7 en forma de U entre los codos sinusoidales 6. El grupo incluye un conector en forma de U para cada puntal (3 puntales - un grupo de 3 conectores en forma de U; 4 puntales - un grupo de 4 conectores en forma de U, y así sucesivamente). El número de grupos de conectores en forma de U depende de la longitud del balón y por consiguiente, la longitud del tubo de corte por láser. Para un balón de 20 mm de longitud, existe un grupo de conectores en forma de U espaciados a 10 mm desde el extremo (en el punto central a lo largo de la longitud del balón). Para un balón de 40 mm de longitud, existen tres grupos de conectores en forma de U espaciados a 10 mm (el primer grupo está a 10 mm de un extremo; el segundo grupo está a 10 mm del primer grupo; y el tercer grupo está a una distancia de 10 mm del segundo grupo y del otro extremo). La ecuación para el número de grupos de conectores en forma de U
\frac{L}{10} - 1,
Donde L = longitud del balón en mm. Otros stents como los que se muestran en las figuras 7 y 8, no disponen de los conectores intermedios en forma de U.
La figura 12 va dirigida a una configuración de la invención de un stent no desplegable 102 que se puede utilizar con un catéter con balón convencional, de acuerdo con la presente invención. El stent de esta configuración tiene preferiblemente una estructura de Nitinol, aunque se pueden utilizar otros materiales tal como se ha comentado antes, e incorpora unos codos para la expansión radial y longitudinal del stent como respuesta a la expansión radial y longitudinal del balón durante el proceso de inflado, de tal manera que el stent 102 mantiene el balón en su posición prevista. Al igual que los anteriores stents, el stent comprende un tubo de hipoglucemia de corte por láser que se expande al inflarse el balón y se pliega al desinflarse el balón. Además el stent se fija preferiblemente al balón con algún tipo de medio de anclaje. Preferiblemente, dichos medios de anclaje se utilizan en los extremos del stent y alrededor del cuello del balón. Ejemplos de dichos medios de anclaje incluyen un adhesivo como, por ejemplo, un adhesivo UV, el cianocrilato, o bien un epoxi de dos partes, una soldadura por calor RF, una conexión por disolvente, o bien el doblado o la forja de los extremos del stent al eje. Alternativamente, un medio de anclaje mecánico se puede utilizar para anclar el stent al balón. Con dicho medio, un pequeño manguito de un material similar al eje del catéter se monta sobre los extremos del stent y se suelda por calor de manera que los extremos del stent se unen a modo de sándwich entre el eje y el manguito.
La figura 12 muestra el tubo del stent en un estado no enrollado (liso) y en un estado no extendido. El stent 102 tiene un extremo proximal 103 y un extremo distal 104. En cada extremo, existen unas pestañas montadas 110. Estas pestañas se pueden utilizar para fijar el stent al cuello del balón. Las pestañas también se abren radialmente para permitir la inserción del balón durante el montaje. Entre los extremos, el stent 102 incluye unas secciones de extensión 112, unos anillos serpenteantes 114 y unos enlaces de elongación 116.
Los anillos serpenteantes 114 tienen forma de serpentina y permiten que el stent 102 se expanda radialmente cuando un balón se infla en el stent. Sin embargo, a medida que el balón se expande, los anillos serpenteantes 114 se acortan. De acuerdo con todo ello, las secciones de extensión 112 y los enlaces de elongación 116 se expanden longitudinalmente para compensar cualquier acortamiento de la longitud de los anillos serpenteantes. Preferiblemente, los enlaces de elongación 116 tienen una forma en z, una forma en s o a modo de acordeón, tal como se muestra en la figura 12.
La fig. 13 es una configuración alternativa de la invención que muestra un stent 202 que tiene las mismas propiedades que el stent en la fig. 12 excepto que el stent 202 en la figura 13 tiene unos enlaces alargados 216 con un modelo distinto que los enlaces alargados 116 del stent 102 de la figura 12. Más específicamente, los enlaces alargados 216 tienen un modelo en zigzag. El stent 202 de la fig. 13 funciona de un modo básicamente similar al del stent 102 en la figura 12.
Mientras que la presente invención no está limitada en el número de anillos serpenteantes, las secciones de extensión y los enlaces alargados utilizados en el stent, la figura 13 ilustra una configuración preferida. El stent 202 en la figura 13 tiene desde el extremo proximal 103 hasta el extremo distal 104 una primera sección de extensión 112, un primer grupo de anillos serpenteantes 114, un primer grupo de enlaces alargados 216, un segundo grupo de anillos serpenteantes 114, un segundo grupo de enlaces alargados 216, un tercer grupo de anillos serpenteantes 114, un tercer grupo de enlaces alargados 216, un cuarto grupo de anillos serpenteantes 114, y una segunda sección de
extensión 112.
La figura 13 muestra también un ejemplo de dimensiones posibles, en pulgadas, de cada uno de los componentes del stent 202. Estas dimensiones se utilizarían también para cada uno de los componentes similares en el stent 102 en la figura 12.

Claims (13)

1. Un stent no desplegable (102) adaptado para ser fijado a un catéter de balón de angioplastia que comprenda:
Un extremo proximal (103);
Un extremo distal (104);
Al menos una sección de expansión entre dichos extremos que comprenda al menos un anillo serpenteante (114) que se acorte al expandirse el balón situado debajo;
Al menos un enlace de elongación (116); y
Al menos una sección de extensión (112) que se extienda desde uno de dichos extremos y que tenga una pestaña (110) adaptada para ser fijada a un cuerpo del catéter, de manera que el stent(102) adquiera una memoria de forma que el stent (102) se pliegue al desinflarse el balón; que se caracteriza por que al menos una sección de extensión (112) y al menos un enlace de elongación (116) se disponen para expandirse longitudinalmente y compensar algún acortamiento de la longitud de los anillos serpenteantes al inflarse el balón.
2. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 1 en el que el stent está hecho de una aleación de níquel y titanio.
3. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 1 ó 2 en el que una sección de extensión (112) está situada en el extremo proximal del stent (102) y otra sección de extensión (112) está situada en el extremo distal del stent (102).
4. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 1 a 3 en el que la sección de expansión comprende al menos tres grupos de anillos serpenteantes (114).
5. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 4 en el que la sección de expansión comprende unos enlaces de elongación (116) que se fijan a los grupos de anillos serpenteantes (114).
6. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 5 en el que dichos enlaces de elongación (116) tienen una forma Z.
7. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 5 en el que dichos enlaces de elongación (116) tienen una forma en zigzag.
8. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 1-7 en el que el stent (102) está hecho de un tubo hipo de corte de láser.
9. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 1-8 en el que la pestaña (110) se puede adherir al catéter con un adhesivo.
10. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 1-9 en el que la pestaña 110 consta de un anillo serpenteante.
11. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 1-10 en el que la pestaña (110) está influida radialmente por el muelle.
12. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 1-11 en el que los puntales tienen un ancho uniforme.
13. Un catéter con balón que comprende:
Un stent no desplegable (102) como en cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 12; y
Un catéter que tiene un balón inflable, en el que el stent (102) está dispuesto sobre el balón y la pestaña (110) está adherida al catéter.
ES04782334T 2003-08-29 2004-08-26 Cateter con balon con stent no desplegable. Active ES2330228T3 (es)

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US20060085025A1 (en) 2006-04-20
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US10086178B2 (en) 2018-10-02
ATE443497T1 (de) 2009-10-15
JP4602977B2 (ja) 2010-12-22
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US7931663B2 (en) 2011-04-26
US20040111108A1 (en) 2004-06-10
US20110125247A1 (en) 2011-05-26
EP1659989A4 (en) 2007-03-21
EP1659989A1 (en) 2006-05-31
US11571554B2 (en) 2023-02-07
US20120245616A1 (en) 2012-09-27

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