ES2330228T3 - Cateter con balon con stent no desplegable. - Google Patents
Cateter con balon con stent no desplegable. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2330228T3 ES2330228T3 ES04782334T ES04782334T ES2330228T3 ES 2330228 T3 ES2330228 T3 ES 2330228T3 ES 04782334 T ES04782334 T ES 04782334T ES 04782334 T ES04782334 T ES 04782334T ES 2330228 T3 ES2330228 T3 ES 2330228T3
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- stent
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Abstract
Un stent no desplegable (102) adaptado para ser fijado a un catéter de balón de angioplastia que comprenda: Un extremo proximal (103); Un extremo distal (104); Al menos una sección de expansión entre dichos extremos que comprenda al menos un anillo serpenteante (114) que se acorte al expandirse el balón situado debajo; Al menos un enlace de elongación (116); y Al menos una sección de extensión (112) que se extienda desde uno de dichos extremos y que tenga una pestaña (110) adaptada para ser fijada a un cuerpo del catéter, de manera que el stent(102) adquiera una memoria de forma que el stent (102) se pliegue al desinflarse el balón; que se caracteriza por que al menos una sección de extensión (112) y al menos un enlace de elongación (116) se disponen para expandirse longitudinalmente y compensar algún acortamiento de la longitud de los anillos serpenteantes al inflarse el balón.
Description
Catéter con balón con stent no desplegable.
Cuando un catéter con balón utilizado para la
angioplastia transluminal percutánea (PTA) o bien para la
angioplastia coronaria transluminal percutánea (PTCA) se infla y se
fuerza a que entre en contacto con la placa, el catéter con balón
puede tener una tendencia a desplazarse o deslizarse
longitudinalmente en relación con la lesión o la pared vascular que
está siendo tratada.
Recientemente los catéteres con balones para
cortar placa de aterotoma han demostrado tener eficacia clínica en
la prevención de la reaparición de algunos tipos de restenosis
(lesiones específicamente calcificadas y restenosis de la
endoprótesis). El catéter con balón para cortar placas de aterotoma
es un catéter de dilatación coronario con 3 a 4 aterotomas
(cuchillas microquirúrgicas) enlazadas longitudinalmente por la
superficie del catéter. A medida que se infla el catéter, los
aterotomas se desplazan radialmente y abren la arteria ocluida
cortando y comprimiendo la placa arterial de forma controlada. Una
ventaja adicional del catéter con balón para cortar es que mantiene
su posición mientras se infla utilizando las cuchillas metálicas de
la superficie externa del catéter para penetrar en el tejido e
inmovilizar el catéter.
De acuerdo con todo ello, el objetivo principal
de la presente invención es conseguir un catéter de PTA o de PTCA
que al igual que un catéter con balón para cortar placas de
aterotoma, tenga un potencial reducido de deslizamiento cuando se
infla en un vaso.
La patente WO03/041760 informa sobre un catéter
con globo de angioplastia que incluye un stent no desplegable para
prevenir o reducir el potencial de deslizamiento del balón inflado
con respecto a la pared del vaso que está siendo tratada. El balón
incluye un stent no desplegable que se adapta para que se pueda
fijar al catéter con balón o al catéter con balón de angioplastia.
El stent tiene un extremo proximal, un extremo distal, y al menos
tres puntales espaciados radialmente, cada uno de los cuales conecta
el extremo proximal al extremo distal y tiene uno o más curvas o
codos que permiten la expansión del puntal para facilitar el inflado
del balón. El stent es de un material que se pliega al desinflarse
el globo.
De acuerdo con un primer aspecto de la presente
invención, se pretende conseguir un stent no desplegable que se
pueda fijar a un catéter con balón de angioplastia que comprenda: un
extremo proximal; un extremo distal; al menos una sección de
expansión entre dichos extremos que comprenda al menos un aro
serpenteante que se acorte con la expansión de un catéter situado
debajo; al menos un enlace de elongación; y al menos una sección de
extensión que se extienda desde uno de dichos extremos y que tenga
una pestaña o un ala que se fije al cuerpo del catéter, de manera
que tanto la sección de extensión como al menos un enlace de
elongación se dispongan de manera que se expandan longitudinalmente
para compensar cualquier acortamiento de la longitud de los aros o
anillos serpenteantes al inflarse el balón; para ello el stent tiene
una memoria de manera que el stent se pliega al desinflarse el
globo.
La figura 1 es una visión en perspectiva de un
catéter de angioplastia inflado que incorpora un stent no
desplegable.
La figura 2 es una visión en planta del catéter
de angioplastia y de un stent no desplegable de la figura 1.
La figura 3 es una visión en perspectiva del
stent no desplegable en su estado expandido, tal como se muestra en
la figura 1, con el balón de angioplastia aparte para poder ver más
claramente el stent.
La figura 4 es una visión en planta del stent no
desplegable de la figura 3.
La figura 5 es una visión en perspectiva de una
configuración distinta del stent no desplegable asociado a un balón
de angioplastia que tiene una longitud de trabajo mayor que el balón
de angioplastia que aparece en las figuras 1 y 2.
La figura 6 es un esquema de ingeniería, en una
visión en planta, que muestra el diseño de un stent no desplegable
adaptado para ser utilizado con un balón de angioplastia de 20 mm de
longitud (todas las dimensiones que aparecen en el dibujo son en
pulgadas).
La figura 7 es una visión en perspectiva de un
catéter con balón de angioplastia inflado que incorpora una
configuración alternativa de un stent no desplegable que no incluye
ningún elemento de conexión entre los puntales situados entre los
extremos del catéter.
La figura 8 es una visión en perspectiva del
stent no desplegable que aparece en la figura 7, con el balón de
angioplastia aparte para ver más claramente el stent.
Las figuras 9 y 10 son visiones en perspectiva
similares a las figuras 1, 5 y 7.
La figura 11 es una visión en perspectiva de
otro ejemplo que muestra el catéter con balón y el stent no
desplegable junto con un catéter.
La figura 12 es un esquema de ingeniería, en una
visión en planta, que muestra el diseño de una configuración de un
stent no desplegable adaptado para ser utilizado con un balón de
angioplastia de acuerdo con la presente invención.
La figura 13 es un esquema de ingeniería que
muestra el diseño de un stent no desplegable distinto de la
configuración de la figura 12.
El stent no desplegable de la presente invención
se puede utilizar junto con un catéter con balón convencional. Un
catéter de PTA o PTCA (catéter de dilatación) puede ser un catéter
coaxial con unos elementos internos y externos que comprenden una
luz a base de un cable guía y una luz para el inflado del balón,
respectivamente. Cada elemento puede tener hasta 3 capas y puede
estar reforzado por trenzas. El extremo proximal del catéter tiene
un conector luer para el cable guía y para conectar un medio de
inflado, y un tubo de alivio de la tensión que se extiende
distalmente una distancia corta desde el conector luer. Los extremos
distales de los elementos exterior e interior pueden incluir un
estrechamiento. El eje del catéter se ha construido usando
materiales y procesos convencionales. Un catéter que tiene un tubo
de conexión al durómetro con una tecnología de dureza variable es
también una posibilidad. El catéter debería ser compatible con las
vainas o fundas estándar y con los catéteres guía que son bien
conocidos en el mercado. Opcionalmente, el catéter puede tener un
diseño de múltiples luces.
El balón 1 puede estar fabricado a base de nylon
o de un copolímero de nylon (elástico, no perforante), o de PET
(presión elevada, no elástico) con un uretano, polímero o bien otro
material y revestimiento conocido, para darle adherencia y/o
resistencia a la punción. El catéter con balón puede ser un catéter
con varias capas con una capa interior no elástica hasta una capa
exterior más elástica o bien a base de varias capas con material
similar. Por ejemplo, una capa interior de PET, que consiga un balón
de presión superior, rodeada de una capa externa de nylon, que le
proporcione una superficie más resistente a la punción. El balón
puede ser de 1,5-12 mm de diámetro
(1,5-4 mm para los vasos coronarios y
4-12 mm para los vasos periféricos) y
15-60 mm de longitud (5-40 mm para
los vasos coronarios y hasta 60 mm para los vasos periféricos). La
presión de inflado del balón será de 8-20
atmósferas dependiendo del grosor de la pared del balón. Cuando está
inflado, los extremos o cuellos del balón tienen forma de cono.
De acuerdo con la invención, el balón dispone de
Nitinol (NiTi) o bien otro material como, por ejemplo, un metal
líquido, acero inoxidable u otro material similar, estructura 2, que
incorpora unas tiras para la expansión radial y longitudinal del
Nitinol estructura 2 como respuesta a la expansión longitudinal y
radial del balón durante el inflado, de manera que el Nitinol
estructura 2 mantiene el balón en su posición prevista durante el
inflado. Este Nitinol estructura 2 se puede describir como un stent
temporal o no desplegable que permite tanto una fisuración
controlada de la oclusión del vaso como un agarre de la pared del
vaso durante un procedimiento de angioplastia. La estructura
Nitinol 2 comprende un tubo para hipoglucemia de corte por láser que
se expande al inflarse el balón, pero que se pliega al desinflarse
el balón debido a las propiedades súper elásticas del material de
Nitinol, y no se mantiene expandido en la posición desplegada como
harían la mayoría de los stents en general.
La estructura de Nitinol o del stent 2 no
desplegable tiene un extremo proximal 3, un extremo distal 4 y,
entre ellos de 3 a 12 puntales o cables 5 (dependiendo del tamaño
del globo - pero más probablemente 3-4 puntales)
con un modelo de codos radiales y longitudinales. El uso del corte
por láser en conexión con la fabricación del stent es bien conocido
(Ver, por ejemplo, Meridan y cols. Patente U.S. nr. 5.994.667), así
como el uso de la aleación súper-elástica de
níquel-titanio el Nitinol (ver por ejemplo, Huang y
cols., Patente americana nº 6.312.459).
Como se puede ver en las figuras
1-4 que muestran un ejemplo que no es parte de la
invención, cada extremo de los cuatro puntales 5 tiene una curva o
codo tipo sinusoidal que permite que el tubo para hipoglucemia de
corte por láser se expanda longitudinalmente cuando el balón 1 se
infla. La longitud lineal de los codos tipo sinusoidal 6 tiene un
tamaño para acomodar la expansión longitudinal del balón 1 debido al
proceso de inflado. La forma de la sección transversal del puntal o
del cable 5 puede ser redonda, triangular, elíptica, ovalada o
rectangular. El grosor preferido de los puntales 5 oscila entre
0,076 y 0,26 mm (0,003 a 0,010 pulgadas).
En el centro longitudinal del tubo, un conector
a modo de circunferencia en forma de U 7 une cada puntal 5 al
puntal adyacente. Como se puede ver en las figuras 3 y 4, los
conectores 7 en forma de U están en los lados opuestos del eje
radial central. El extremo distal 4 del tubo de hipoglucemia está
adherido al cuello distal del balón o bien al extremo distal del
eje del catéter, y el extremo proximal 3 del tubo está unido al
cuello proximal del balón o bien al extremo proximal del eje del
catéter. Los puntales 5 pueden estar sujetos a la zona de trabajo
del balón 1 para ayudar a que el tubo de hipoglucemia permanezca con
el balón a medida que se infla y desinfla.
Los ejes del catéter a los cuales están
adheridos el balón y el tubo de corte por láser pueden tener
diámetros que oscilen entre 2,5F y 8F, y el extremo distal puede
estrecharse y tener un diámetro ligeramente inferior que el extremo
proximal.
En la figura 6, las dimensiones del tubo de
corte por láser son para utilizar con un balón de 3 mm de diámetro
(0,118 in) por 20 mm de longitud. La circunferencia de un balón de 3
mm es IID=3.14 (3 mm)=9,42 mm o 0,37 pulg. Como bien se puede
apreciar, la longitud total de los conectores 7 en forma de U
(arriba y detrás) debe ser mayor que la circunferencia del balón
inflado 1. La longitud de cada conector en forma de U 7 (arriba y
detrás), se puede calcular usando la ecuación siguiente:
\frac{\pi \
d}{n},
Donde d es el diámetro del balón inflado y n es
el número de puntales. La longitud total de los codos en forma de U
(arriba y detrás) debe exceder esta longitud.
El número resultante se divide por 2 para tener
la longitud que cada lateral arriba y detrás del conector en forma
de U debería exceder. Por ejemplo: para un balón de 3 mm compatible,
tubo de hipoglucemia de corte por láser con cuatro puntales, la
longitud de cada conector en forma de U (arriba y detrás) es de 9,4
mm (0,37 pulgadas) dividido por 4 = 2,35 mm (0,0925 pulg.). Además
dividir por 2 para obtener 1,17 mm (0,04625 pulg.). Esta es la
longitud que cada lateral del conector en forma de U deberá
exceder.
Existen también uno o más grupos de conectores 7
en forma de U entre los codos sinusoidales 6. El grupo incluye un
conector en forma de U para cada puntal (3 puntales - un grupo de 3
conectores en forma de U; 4 puntales - un grupo de 4 conectores en
forma de U, y así sucesivamente). El número de grupos de conectores
en forma de U depende de la longitud del balón y por consiguiente,
la longitud del tubo de corte por láser. Para un balón de 20 mm de
longitud, existe un grupo de conectores en forma de U espaciados a
10 mm desde el extremo (en el punto central a lo largo de la
longitud del balón). Para un balón de 40 mm de longitud, existen
tres grupos de conectores en forma de U espaciados a 10 mm (el
primer grupo está a 10 mm de un extremo; el segundo grupo está a 10
mm del primer grupo; y el tercer grupo está a una distancia de 10 mm
del segundo grupo y del otro extremo). La ecuación para el número
de grupos de conectores en forma de U
\frac{L}{10} -
1,
Donde L = longitud del balón en mm. Otros stents
como los que se muestran en las figuras 7 y 8, no disponen de los
conectores intermedios en forma de U.
La figura 12 va dirigida a una configuración de
la invención de un stent no desplegable 102 que se puede utilizar
con un catéter con balón convencional, de acuerdo con la presente
invención. El stent de esta configuración tiene preferiblemente una
estructura de Nitinol, aunque se pueden utilizar otros materiales
tal como se ha comentado antes, e incorpora unos codos para la
expansión radial y longitudinal del stent como respuesta a la
expansión radial y longitudinal del balón durante el proceso de
inflado, de tal manera que el stent 102 mantiene el balón en su
posición prevista. Al igual que los anteriores stents, el stent
comprende un tubo de hipoglucemia de corte por láser que se expande
al inflarse el balón y se pliega al desinflarse el balón. Además el
stent se fija preferiblemente al balón con algún tipo de medio de
anclaje. Preferiblemente, dichos medios de anclaje se utilizan en
los extremos del stent y alrededor del cuello del balón. Ejemplos de
dichos medios de anclaje incluyen un adhesivo como, por ejemplo, un
adhesivo UV, el cianocrilato, o bien un epoxi de dos partes, una
soldadura por calor RF, una conexión por disolvente, o bien el
doblado o la forja de los extremos del stent al eje.
Alternativamente, un medio de anclaje mecánico se puede utilizar
para anclar el stent al balón. Con dicho medio, un pequeño manguito
de un material similar al eje del catéter se monta sobre los
extremos del stent y se suelda por calor de manera que los extremos
del stent se unen a modo de sándwich entre el eje y el
manguito.
La figura 12 muestra el tubo del stent en un
estado no enrollado (liso) y en un estado no extendido. El stent
102 tiene un extremo proximal 103 y un extremo distal 104. En cada
extremo, existen unas pestañas montadas 110. Estas pestañas se
pueden utilizar para fijar el stent al cuello del balón. Las
pestañas también se abren radialmente para permitir la inserción
del balón durante el montaje. Entre los extremos, el stent 102
incluye unas secciones de extensión 112, unos anillos serpenteantes
114 y unos enlaces de elongación 116.
Los anillos serpenteantes 114 tienen forma de
serpentina y permiten que el stent 102 se expanda radialmente
cuando un balón se infla en el stent. Sin embargo, a medida que el
balón se expande, los anillos serpenteantes 114 se acortan. De
acuerdo con todo ello, las secciones de extensión 112 y los enlaces
de elongación 116 se expanden longitudinalmente para compensar
cualquier acortamiento de la longitud de los anillos serpenteantes.
Preferiblemente, los enlaces de elongación 116 tienen una forma en
z, una forma en s o a modo de acordeón, tal como se muestra en la
figura 12.
La fig. 13 es una configuración alternativa de
la invención que muestra un stent 202 que tiene las mismas
propiedades que el stent en la fig. 12 excepto que el stent 202 en
la figura 13 tiene unos enlaces alargados 216 con un modelo
distinto que los enlaces alargados 116 del stent 102 de la figura
12. Más específicamente, los enlaces alargados 216 tienen un modelo
en zigzag. El stent 202 de la fig. 13 funciona de un modo
básicamente similar al del stent 102 en la figura 12.
Mientras que la presente invención no está
limitada en el número de anillos serpenteantes, las secciones de
extensión y los enlaces alargados utilizados en el stent, la figura
13 ilustra una configuración preferida. El stent 202 en la figura
13 tiene desde el extremo proximal 103 hasta el extremo distal 104
una primera sección de extensión 112, un primer grupo de anillos
serpenteantes 114, un primer grupo de enlaces alargados 216, un
segundo grupo de anillos serpenteantes 114, un segundo grupo de
enlaces alargados 216, un tercer grupo de anillos serpenteantes
114, un tercer grupo de enlaces alargados 216, un cuarto grupo de
anillos serpenteantes 114, y una segunda sección de
extensión 112.
extensión 112.
La figura 13 muestra también un ejemplo de
dimensiones posibles, en pulgadas, de cada uno de los componentes
del stent 202. Estas dimensiones se utilizarían también para cada
uno de los componentes similares en el stent 102 en la figura
12.
Claims (13)
1. Un stent no desplegable (102) adaptado para
ser fijado a un catéter de balón de angioplastia que comprenda:
Un extremo proximal (103);
Un extremo distal (104);
Al menos una sección de expansión entre dichos
extremos que comprenda al menos un anillo serpenteante (114) que se
acorte al expandirse el balón situado debajo;
Al menos un enlace de elongación (116); y
Al menos una sección de extensión (112) que se
extienda desde uno de dichos extremos y que tenga una pestaña (110)
adaptada para ser fijada a un cuerpo del catéter, de manera que el
stent(102) adquiera una memoria de forma que el stent (102)
se pliegue al desinflarse el balón; que se caracteriza por
que al menos una sección de extensión (112) y al menos un enlace de
elongación (116) se disponen para expandirse longitudinalmente y
compensar algún acortamiento de la longitud de los anillos
serpenteantes al inflarse el balón.
2. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 1 en el
que el stent está hecho de una aleación de níquel y titanio.
3. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 1 ó 2 en
el que una sección de extensión (112) está situada en el extremo
proximal del stent (102) y otra sección de extensión (112) está
situada en el extremo distal del stent (102).
4. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 1 a 3 en
el que la sección de expansión comprende al menos tres grupos de
anillos serpenteantes (114).
5. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 4 en el
que la sección de expansión comprende unos enlaces de elongación
(116) que se fijan a los grupos de anillos serpenteantes (114).
6. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 5 en el
que dichos enlaces de elongación (116) tienen una forma Z.
7. El stent (102) de la reivindicación 5 en el
que dichos enlaces de elongación (116) tienen una forma en
zigzag.
8. El stent (102) de la reivindicación
1-7 en el que el stent (102) está hecho de un tubo
hipo de corte de láser.
9. El stent (102) de la reivindicación
1-8 en el que la pestaña (110) se puede adherir al
catéter con un adhesivo.
10. El stent (102) de la reivindicación
1-9 en el que la pestaña 110 consta de un anillo
serpenteante.
11. El stent (102) de la reivindicación
1-10 en el que la pestaña (110) está influida
radialmente por el muelle.
12. El stent (102) de la reivindicación
1-11 en el que los puntales tienen un ancho
uniforme.
13. Un catéter con balón que comprende:
Un stent no desplegable (102) como en cualquiera
de las reivindicaciones 1 a 12; y
Un catéter que tiene un balón inflable, en el
que el stent (102) está dispuesto sobre el balón y la pestaña (110)
está adherida al catéter.
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US10/651,557 US20040111108A1 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2003-08-29 | Balloon catheter with non-deployable stent |
US651557 | 2003-08-29 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2330228T3 true ES2330228T3 (es) | 2009-12-07 |
Family
ID=34273385
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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ES04782334T Active ES2330228T3 (es) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-26 | Cateter con balon con stent no desplegable. |
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US (4) | US20040111108A1 (es) |
EP (1) | EP1659989B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP4602977B2 (es) |
AT (1) | ATE443497T1 (es) |
DE (1) | DE602004023307D1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2330228T3 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2005020855A1 (es) |
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-
2003
- 2003-08-29 US US10/651,557 patent/US20040111108A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-08-26 AT AT04782334T patent/ATE443497T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-08-26 JP JP2006524871A patent/JP4602977B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-26 WO PCT/US2004/027836 patent/WO2005020855A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-08-26 DE DE602004023307T patent/DE602004023307D1/de active Active
- 2004-08-26 EP EP04782334A patent/EP1659989B1/en active Active
- 2004-08-26 ES ES04782334T patent/ES2330228T3/es active Active
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2005
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2011
- 2011-02-07 US US13/022,489 patent/US10086178B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2012
- 2012-06-05 US US13/489,250 patent/US11571554B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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WO2005020855A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
EP1659989B1 (en) | 2009-09-23 |
US20060085025A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
JP2007503878A (ja) | 2007-03-01 |
US10086178B2 (en) | 2018-10-02 |
ATE443497T1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
JP4602977B2 (ja) | 2010-12-22 |
DE602004023307D1 (de) | 2009-11-05 |
US7931663B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 |
US20040111108A1 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
US20110125247A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
EP1659989A4 (en) | 2007-03-21 |
EP1659989A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
US11571554B2 (en) | 2023-02-07 |
US20120245616A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
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