ES2241369T3 - Forceps bipolar electroquirurgico endoscopico. - Google Patents
Forceps bipolar electroquirurgico endoscopico.Info
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- ES2241369T3 ES2241369T3 ES99970909T ES99970909T ES2241369T3 ES 2241369 T3 ES2241369 T3 ES 2241369T3 ES 99970909 T ES99970909 T ES 99970909T ES 99970909 T ES99970909 T ES 99970909T ES 2241369 T3 ES2241369 T3 ES 2241369T3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1442—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
- A61B18/1445—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
- A61B2018/00345—Vascular system
- A61B2018/00404—Blood vessels other than those in or around the heart
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/00601—Cutting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/0063—Sealing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/0091—Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device
- A61B2018/00916—Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device with means for switching or controlling the main function of the instrument or device
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/03—Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety
- A61B2090/033—Abutting means, stops, e.g. abutting on tissue or skin
- A61B2090/034—Abutting means, stops, e.g. abutting on tissue or skin abutting on parts of the device itself
Abstract
Un fórceps endoscópico bipolar (10), que comprende: - unos miembros de mordaza primero (80) y segundo (82) unidos pivotablemente en relación opuesta entre sí, cada uno de cuyos miembros de mordaza incluye una pestaña (81, 83) que se extiende desde ellos, y dichos miembros de mordaza son desplazables relativamente desde una primera posición abierta, en la que los miembros de mordaza están dispuestos en relación espaciada entre sí, a una segunda posición de sujeción, en la dichos miembros de mordaza cooperan para asir tejido entre ellos; - un conjunto (11) de vástago de accionamiento que conecta dichos miembros de mordaza a una fuente de energía eléctrica tal que dicho primer miembro de mordaza tiene un primer potencial eléctrico, y dicho segundo miembro de mordaza tiene un segundo potencial eléctrico, y dichos miembros de mordaza son capaces de conducir energía bipolar a través del tejido sujetado entre ellos; - un miembro de horquilla (84) unido al extremo distal de dicho conjunto de vástago de accionamiento y unido entre dichos miembros de mordaza, cuyo miembro de horquilla y los citados miembros de mordaza tienen una conexión mecánica de seguidor de leva con la que el movimiento de dicho miembro de horquilla imparte el movimiento de dichos miembros de mordaza desde las citadas posiciones primera y segunda; - un par de partes de escalón (111, 113) unidas a dicho miembro de horquilla, que están dimensionados para topar con dichas pestañas de los citados miembros de mordaza, cuando éstos son movidos a la segunda posición, para aliviar las tensiones de cizallamiento sobre dicha conexión mecánica del seguidor de leva durante la sujeción y obturación del tejido; y - una empuñadura (26) unida a dicho conjunto de vástago de accionamiento, para impartir movimiento al citado miembro de horquilla.
Description
Fórceps bipolar electroquirúrgico
endoscópico.
La presente memoria descriptiva se refiere a un
instrumento electroquirúrgico para efectuar procedimientos
quirúrgicos endoscópicos. Más particularmente, esta memoria se
refiere a unas pinzas o fórceps bipolares electroquirúrgicos
endoscópicos que utilizan el desplazamiento lineal de una horquilla
aislante para asir y obturar tejido entre dos miembros de mordaza
opuestos.
Un fórceps o hemóstato es una herramienta
sencilla a modo de pinzas que utiliza la acción mecánica entre sus
mordazas para presionar vasos, y que comúnmente es utilizado en
procedimientos quirúrgicos abiertos para asir, cortar, y/o sujetar
tejidos. Los fórceps electroquirúrgicos utilizan tanto la acción de
sujeción mecánica como la energía eléctrica para efectuar
hemóstasis mediante el caldeo del tejido y de los vasos, para
producir la coagulación y/o la cauterización.
En las últimas décadas, muchos cirujanos han
abandonado los métodos abiertos tradicionales, para obtener acceso a
órganos vitales y cavidades del cuerpo con endoscopios e
instrumentos endoscópicos que acceden a órganos a través de
pequeñas incisiones a modo de punzadas. Los instrumentos
endoscópicos son insertados dentro del paciente a través de una
cánula o de una abertura hecha con un trocar. Los tamaños típicos
de las cánulas están dentro de un margen de tres a doce milímetros.
Por lo general se prefieren cánulas más pequeñas, lo que constituye
un reto en cuanto al diseño por los fabricantes de los
instrumentos, que deben hallar medios para hacer que los
instrumentos quirúrgicos ajusten a través de las cánulas.
Ciertos procedimientos quirúrgicos endoscópicos
requieren el corte de vasos sanguíneos o de tejido vascular. Sin
embargo, debido a las limitaciones de espacio, los cirujanos pueden
tener dificultades para suturar los vasos o para ejecutar otros
métodos tradicionales de control del sangrado, por ejemplo, sujeción
y/o ligazón de vasos sanguíneos cortados. Vasos sanguíneos muy
pequeños, dentro de un margen inferior a dos milímetros de
diámetro, pueden ser cerrados con frecuencia mediante el uso de
técnicas electroquirúrgicas estándar. Si se corta un vaso mayor,
puede ser necesario para el cirujano convertir el procedimiento
endoscópico en un procedimiento quirúrgico abierto, con lo que no
se aprovechan los beneficios de la laparoscopia.
Varios artículos en revistas han expuesto métodos
para obturar pequeños vasos sanguíneos con el uso de electrocirugía.
Un artículo titulado "Studies on coagulation and the development
of an automatic computerized bipolar coagulator" (Estudios sobre
coagulación y desarrollo de un coagulador bipolar automático
computerizado), revista Neurosurg., vol. 75, Julio 1991, describe un
coagulador bipolar que es utilizado para obturar pequeños vasos
sanguíneos. En el citado artículo se dice que no es posible
coagular con seguridad arterias con un diámetro superior de 2 a 2,5
mm. En un segundo artículo titulado "Automatically Controlled
Bipolar Electrocoagulation -``COA-COMP''
(Electrocoagulación bipolar controlada automáticamente)", revista
Neurosurg. Rev. (1984), págs. 187 a 190, se describe un método para
la conexión final de energía eléctrica al vaso, de modo que se
evite el chamuscamiento de las paredes de dicho vaso.
Mediante la utilización de un fórceps
electroquirúrgico, un cirujano puede cauterizar, coagular/
desecar, y/o cortar tejido, y/o simplemente reducir o retardar el sangrado, mediante el control de la intensidad, la frecuencia, y la duración de la energía electroquirúrgica aplicada al tejido. En general, la configuración eléctrica de los fórceps electroquirúrgicos, puede ser clasificada en dos categorías: 1) fórceps electroquirúrgicos monopolares; y 2) fórceps electroquirúrgicos bipolares.
desecar, y/o cortar tejido, y/o simplemente reducir o retardar el sangrado, mediante el control de la intensidad, la frecuencia, y la duración de la energía electroquirúrgica aplicada al tejido. En general, la configuración eléctrica de los fórceps electroquirúrgicos, puede ser clasificada en dos categorías: 1) fórceps electroquirúrgicos monopolares; y 2) fórceps electroquirúrgicos bipolares.
Los fórceps monopolares utilizan un electrodo
activo asociado al sujetador del actuador de extremo, y un electrodo
o almohadilla de retorno del paciente a distancia, típicamente
unido exteriormente a dicho paciente. Cuando es aplicada energía
electroquirúrgica, ésta se desplaza desde el electrodo activo hasta
el lugar de la cirugía, a través del paciente y del electrodo de
retorno.
Los fórceps electroquirúrgicos bipolares utilizan
dos electrodos en general opuestos, situados sobre las superficies
interiores opuestas de los actuadores de extremo, y ambos acoplados
eléctricamente a un generador electroquirúrgico. Cada electrodo es
cargado con un potencial eléctrico diferente. Dado que el tejido es
conductor de la energía eléctrica, cuando los actuadores son
utilizados para asir tejido entre ellos, la energía eléctrica puede
ser transferida selectivamente a través del tejido.
Se conocen varios instrumentos endoscópicos
bipolares. Por ejemplo, la patente de EE.UU. 3.938.527 describe un
instrumento endoscópico bipolar para cauterización tubal; la
patente de EE.UU. 5.250.047 describe un instrumento endoscópico
bipolar con un conjunto de punta de electrodo reemplazable; la
patente de EE.UU. 5.445.638 describe un fórceps bipolar de
coagulación y corte con unos conductos primero y segundo extendidos
desde el extremo distal; la patente de EE.UU. 5.391.166 describe un
instrumento endoscópico bipolar que cuenta con un extremo de trabajo
separable; y la patente de EE.UU. 5.342.359 describe un dispositivo
bipolar de coagulación.
Para efectuar una obturación apropiada con vasos
mayores, dos parámetros mecánicos predominantes deben ser
controlados con precisión: la presión aplicada al vaso y el hueco
entre los electrodos, cuyos parámetros afectan al grosor del vaso
obturado. Más particularmente, es importante una aplicación precisa
de la presión a las paredes opuestas del vaso, para reducir la
impedancia del tejido a un valor suficientemente bajo que permita
el paso de una cuantía adecuada de energía electroquirúrgica a
través del tejido, para evitar las fuerzas de expansión durante el
caldeo de dicho tejido, y para contribuir al engrosamiento final
del tejido, lo que es indicación de una buena obturación. En
algunos casos, la pared óptima de un vaso fundido está entre 0,00254
y 0,01344 cm. Por debajo de este margen la obturación puede
deshacerse o rasgarse, y por encima de aquél, los lúmenes pueden no
ser obturados de modo apropiado o efectivo.
Los métodos electroquirúrgicos pueden ser capaces
de obturar vasos mayores con el uso de un curva de energía
electroquirúrgica adecuada, acoplada a un instrumento capaz de
aplicar una gran fuerza de cierre a las paredes de los vasos. Se
estima que el procedimiento de coagulación de vasos pequeños es
fundamentalmente diferente a la obturación electroquirúrgica de los
vasos. A los fines presentes, el término "coagulación" se
define como un procedimiento de desecación del tejido, en el que
las células de dicho tejido son rotas y secadas, y la obturación de
vasos se define como el procedimiento para licuar el colágeno del
tejido, de modo que se reticule y transforme en una masa fundida.
Por tanto, la coagulación de vasos pequeños es suficiente para
cerrarlos permanentemente. Los vasos mayores necesitan ser
obturados para asegurar un cierre permanente
Numerosos fórceps electroquirúrgicos bipolares
han sido propuestos con anterioridad para varios procedimientos
quirúrgicos abiertos. Sin embargo, algunos de estos diseños pueden
proporcionar al vaso sanguíneo una presión no reproducible
uniformemente, y pueden dar por resultado una obturación inefectiva
o no uniforme. Por ejemplo, las patentes de EE.UU. núm. 2.176.479 de
Wills; núm. 4.005.714 de Hiltebrandt; núms. 4.370.980, 4.552.143,
5.026.370, y 5.116.332, de Lottick; núm. 5.443.463 de Stern y col.;
núm. 5.484.436 de Eggers y col., se refieren todas a instrumentos
electroquirúrgicos para coagulación, corte y/u obturación de vasos
sanguíneos y tejido.
Estos instrumentos se basan en la presión de
sujeción sola para proporcionar un adecuado grosor de obturación, y
no están diseñados para tener en cuenta las tolerancias de
separación y/o los requerimientos de paralelismo y aplanamiento,
parámetros que si son controlados adecuadamente pueden asegurar una
obturación del tejido efectiva y uniforme. Por ejemplo, es sabido
que es difícil controlar adecuadamente el grosor del tejido
obturado resultante mediante sólo el control de la presión de
sujeción, por una de estas dos razones: 1) si se aplica demasiada
fuerza, existe la posibilidad de que se toquen los dos polos y que
no sea transferida energía a través del tejido, de lo que resulta
una obturación inefectiva; o 2) si se aplica una fuerza demasiado
baja se crea una obturación más gruesa y menos fiable.
Como antes se ha dicho, para obturar de manera
adecuada y efectiva vasos mayores, se requiere una mayor fuerza de
cierre entre los miembros de mordaza opuestos. Es sabido que una
fuerza de cierre grande entre las mordazas requiere típicamente un
gran momento en torno al pivote de cada mordaza. Esto constituye un
problema, ya que los miembros de mordaza son fijados típicamente
con pasadores situados para tener brazos de momento pequeño con
respecto al pivote de cada miembro de mordaza. Una fuerza grande
acoplada a un brazo de momento pequeño es indeseable, debido a que
las fuerzas grandes pueden cizallar los pasadores. Es también
indeseable aumentar el brazo de momento de los pasadores ya que el
tamaño físico de los miembros de mordaza y otras partes componentes
podrían no pasar a través de la cánula.
Por tanto, existe la necesidad de desarrollar un
fórceps bipolar que obture efectivamente el tejido vascular y
resuelva el problema de proporcionar una gran fuerza de cierre
entre los miembros de mordaza opuestos, con el uso de un diseño
compacto que sea capaz de pasar a través de una cánula sin riesgo
de fallo estructural de la horquilla del instrumento.
Una realización de la presente invención incluye
un fórceps bipolar que cuenta con unos miembros de mordaza primero
y segundo, unidos pivotablemente entre sí en relación opuesta,
cuyos miembros de mordaza son móviles desde una primera posición
abierta en la que dichos miembros están dispuestos en relación
espaciada entre sí, a una segunda posición de sujeción, en la que
los miembros de mordaza cooperan para asir el tejido entre ellos.
Un conjunto de vástago de accionamiento conecta cada miembro de
mordaza a una fuente de energía eléctrica, de modo que dichos
miembros de mordaza son capaces de conducir energía bipolar a
través del tejido sostenido entre ellos. Un miembro de horquilla
está unido al extremo distal del conjunto de vástago de
accionamiento, y entre los miembros de mordaza. Una empuñadura está
unida al conjunto del vástago de accionamiento, que imparte un
movimiento lineal al miembro de horquilla, que a su vez imparte el
movimiento entre sí de los dos miembros de mordaza opuestos con
ayuda de una conexión mecánica de seguidor de leva.
Además, cada miembro de mordaza incluye una
pestaña que se extiende desde ella, y la horquilla incluye un par de
porciones de escalón dimensionadas para topar con las pestañas
cuando los miembros de mordaza son desplazados a la segunda
posición. Las partes de escalón alivian las tensiones de
cizallamiento sobre la conexión de seguidor de leva durante la
sujeción y obturación del tejido.
En una realización preferida, cada uno de los
miembros de mordaza incluye una ranura de leva situada a su través,
y la horquilla incluye al menos un retenedor correspondiente que se
acopla a las ranuras de leva, de modo que el movimiento de la
horquilla imparte el movimiento entre sí a los miembros de mordaza.
Preferiblemente, cada una de las ranuras de leva incluye un fondo
cerrado situado allí para aliviar las tensiones de cizallamiento
sobre el tope, aproximadamente cuando las partes de escalón del
miembro de tope se acoplan a las pestañas de los miembros de
mordaza. Preferiblemente, la periferia interior de las ranuras de
leva está conformada para impartir al menos dos movimientos
diferentes a los miembros de mordaza entre sí.
La fig. 1 es una vista en perspectiva de un
fórceps de acuerdo con la presente memoria descriptiva.
La fig. 2 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada de
un conjunto actuador de extremo del fórceps de la fig. 1.
La fig. 3 es una vista en perspectiva con partes
separadas, de un conjunto de empuñadura y activador del fórceps de
la fig. 1.
La fig. 4 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada
con partes separadas del conjunto accionador de extremo y un
conjunto de vástago de accionamiento del fórceps de la fig. 1.
La fig. 5A es un corte transversal parcial,
lateral, del conjunto de empuñadura y del conjunto de vástago de
accionamiento del fórceps de la fig. 1.
La fig. 5B es un corte transversal lateral
ampliado del área de detalle indicada mostrada en la fig. 5A.
La fig. 6 es una vista en perspectiva del
conjunto de empuñadura, activador, y conjunto de vástago de
accionamiento, del fórceps de la fig. 1.
La fig. 7 es un corte transversal parcial y
ampliado del conjunto actuador de extremo, mostrado con un par de
miembros de mordaza en configuración abierta.
La fig. 8 es una vista parcial ampliada de un
corte transversal que muestra el movimiento lineal del conjunto de
vástago de accionamiento, contra un seguidor de leva del conjunto
de actuación de extremo, para efectuar el cierre de los miembros de
mordaza.
La fig. 9 es una vista en perspectiva de fórceps,
que muestra el movimiento giratorio de un conjunto de giro que gira
el conjunto de actuación de extremo en torno a un eje longitudinal
"A".
La fig. 10 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada
del área de detalle indicada en la fig. 9.
La fig. 11 es una vista en perspectiva del
fórceps de la presente memoria descriptiva, que muestra la
obturación de un vaso tubular a través de un conjunto de
cánula.
La fig. 12 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada
de un lugar de obturación de un vaso tubular.
La fig. 13 es un corte longitudinal del lugar de
la obturación tomado a lo largo de la línea 13-13
de la fig. 12; y
La fig. 14 es un corte longitudinal del lugar de
la obturación, después de la separación del vaso tubular.
Con referencia ahora a las figs. 1 a 3, un
fórceps bipolar 10 para uso en procedimientos quirúrgicos
endoscópicos incluye un conjunto 11 de vástago de accionamiento que
está acoplado a un conjunto de empuñadura 18. Dicho conjunto 11 de
vástago de accionamiento incluye una parte 12 de árbol hueco
alargado que tiene un extremo proximal 16 y un extremo distal 14.
En los dibujos y en las descripciones que siguen, el término
"proximal" se refiere, como es tradicional, al extremo del
fórceps bipolar 10 que está más próximo al usuario, y el término
"distal" se refiere al extremo más alejado del usuario.
Un conjunto actuador 22 de extremo está unido al
extremo distal 14 de un árbol 12, e incluye un par de miembros de
mordaza opuestos 80 y 82. Preferiblemente, el conjunto de
empuñadura 18 está unido al extremo proximal 16 del árbol 12, e
incluye un activador 20 para impartir el movimiento de los miembros
de mordaza 80 y 82 desde una posición abierta, en la que dichos
miembros de mordaza 80 y 82 están dispuestos en relación espaciada
entre sí, a una posición de sujeción o cerrada en la que los
miembros de mordaza 80 y 82 cooperan para asir el tejido 150 entre
ellos.
Como se aprecia mejor en la fig. 3, el activador
20 incluye una empuñadura móvil 26 que tiene una abertura 34
definida en ella para recibir al menos uno de los dedos del
operador, y una empuñadura fija 28 que tiene también una abertura 32
para recibir en ella el pulgar del operador. La empuñadura móvil 26
es desplazable selectivamente desde una primera posición con
relación a la empuñadura fija 28, a una segunda posición en
proximidad inmediata a la empuñadura fija 28, para cerrar los
miembros de mordaza 80 y 82. Preferiblemente, la empuñadura fija 28
incluye un canal 27 que se extiende proximalmente para recibir un
brazo de carraca 30 que está acoplado a la empuñadura móvil 26,
Esta estructura permite el cierre progresivo del conjunto 22
actuador de extremo, así como el acoplamiento de bloqueo de los
miembros de mordaza opuestos 80 y 82. En algunos casos puede ser
preferible incluir otros mecanismos para controlar y/o limitar el
movimiento de la empuñadura 26 con relación a la empuñadura 28,
tales como por ejemplo, sistemas hidráulicos o de engranajes.
La empuñadura fija 26 incluye un conjunto
giratorio 23 para controlar el movimiento de giro del conjunto 22
actuador de extremo en torno a un eje longitudinal "A" del
árbol alargado 12 (véanse las figs. 9 y 10). Preferiblemente, el
conjunto giratorio 23 incluye unas partes pulsadoras de mando 24a y
24b, respectivamente, que se acoplan entre sí liberablemente en
torno a un engranaje 52 unido al árbol 12. Preferiblemente, la
relación de giro del conjunto giratorio 23 con respecto al conjunto
actuador 22 es de 1:1; no obstante, se contempla que pueda ser
incorporada una estructura de engranaje diferente para aumentar o
disminuir la relación de giro, en función de una finalidad
particular.
Preferiblemente, un par de secciones de
empuñadura 28a y 28b se acoplan entre sí por medio de una pluralidad
de superficies intermedias mecánicas, para formar la empuñadura fija
28. Dichas superficies intermedias mecánicas incluyen unos
receptáculos 138 formados en la sección de empuñadura 28b,
dimensionados para recibir una pluralidad complementaria de
retenedores (no mostrados) unidos a la sección de empuñadura 28a.
Aunque aquí se utiliza el término receptáculo, se contempla que
pueda ser utilizada una superficie intermedia mecánica macho o
hembra en cualquier sección de la empuñadura, con una interfaz
mecánica coincidente dispuesta sobre la sección de empuñadura
opuesta.
Como se aprecia mejor en la fig. 3, cada sección
de empuñadura 28a y 28b es en general hueca, de modo que una cavidad
50 está formada en ella para alojar varios componentes internos que
componen el fórceps 10. Por ejemplo, la cavidad 50 aloja una placa
de circuito impreso 58, que controla la energía electroquirúrgica
que es transmitida desde un generador electroquirúrgico (no
mostrado) a cada miembro de mordaza 80 y 82. Más particularmente,
la energía electroquirúrgica es generada desde una generador
electroquirúrgico y es transmitida a la placa de circuito impreso
por el cable 60, unido a través de una entrada 29 dispuesta en el
extremo proximal del conjunto de empuñadura 18. La placa de
circuito impreso 58 convierte la energía electroquirúrgica
procedente del generador en dos potenciales eléctricos diferentes,
que son transmitidos a cada miembro de mordaza 80 y 82 por medio de
un sujetador de terminal separado 64b y 64a, respectivamente, como
se explicará en detalle más adelante con referencia a la fig.
4.
Preferiblemente, un mecanismo de movimiento
perdido está situado entre cada una de las secciones de empuñadura
28a y 28b para mantener una fuerza de sujeción predeterminada o
máxima para la obturación del tejido entre los miembros de mordaza
80 y 82. En la realización particular mostrada en la fig. 3, el
mecanismo de movimiento perdido comprende un brazo elástico 40 que
está conectado entre las secciones de empuñadura 28a y 28b por un
pasador 42. Más particularmente, el brazo incluye un extremo
inferior 46, un extremo superior 45, y una parte de árbol 47 situada
entre ellos. Preferiblemente, el extremo superior 45 está bifurcado
y forma una horquilla que tiene unas pestañas 49a y 49b
respectivamente, extendidas hacia arriba, y el extremo inferior 46
está dimensionado para acoplarse a una interfaz 48 a modo de escalón
situada sobre la parte de empuñadura móvil 26. La parte de árbol 47
está sujeta dentro de un canal alargado 56 formado dentro de la
parte de empuñadura móvil 26. Preferiblemente, una placa cubridora
31 se une a la empuñadura móvil 26 por medios convencionales, tales
como un acoplamiento rápido a presión, para fijar aún más el brazo
40 dentro de la empuñadura 26.
Con referencia a la fig. 4, el conjunto de
vástago 11 incluye un vástago de accionamiento 70 que tiene un
extremo proximal 71 y un extremo distal 72. Un pistón 38 está unido
al extremo proximal 71 del vástago de accionamiento 70, e incluye
una parte de cabeza 39 en general redondeada, y una muesca 41
situada entre la parte de cabeza 39 y el extremo proximal del
pistón 36. Preferiblemente, las pestañas 49a y 49b de la horquilla
del brazo 40 están dimensionadas para recibir entre ellas la cabeza
39, cuando el brazo 40 es montado entre las secciones de empuñadura
28a y 28b (véase la fig. 6). El movimiento de la empuñadura 26
hacia la empuñadura fija 28 imparte un movimiento pivotante del
extremo superior 45 del brazo 40 en un punto de pivotar 55 (véase la
fig. 5A), que a su vez imparte el movimiento del pistón 38 desde
una primera posición, en la que dicho pistón 38 está dispuesto más
alejado del conjunto 22 actuador de extremo, hasta una segunda
posición en la que dicho pistón está en proximidad inmediata al
conjunto 22 actuador de extremo (véase la fig. 5B). Como se explica
con todo detalle más adelante, el movimiento del pistón 38 entre
las posiciones primera y segunda imparte un movimiento lineal al
vástago de accionamiento 70, que a su vez mueve los miembros de
mordaza 80 y 82 en aproximación y alejamiento entre
sí.
sí.
El asiento de la cabeza 39 en general redondeada
entre las pestañas 49a y 49b de la horquilla permite al usuario
utilizar el conjunto giratorio 23 de modo efectivo, sin interferir
con el movimiento lineal del pistón 38.
Como se aprecia mejor en la vista del despiezo de
la fig. 4, el conjunto 22 actuador de extremo incluye la primera
mordaza 80, la segunda mordaza 82, y una horquilla 84 aislada
eléctricamente dispuesta entre aquéllas. Preferiblemente, el miembro
de mordaza 80 y el miembro de mordaza 82 son desplazables desde una
posición abierta a una posición cerrada por movimiento del conjunto
de empuñadura 18, como antes se ha descrito. Se contempla que uno o
ambos miembros de mordaza 80 y 82 puedan ser desplazables entre sí.
El primer miembro de mordaza 80 tiene una primera pestaña 81 que se
extiende desde él, y una ranura de 86 leva situada a su través.
Igualmente, la segunda mordaza 82 tiene una segunda pestaña 83 que
se extiende desde él, y una ranura 88 de leva situada a su través.
Preferiblemente, cada mordaza 80 y 82 está formada de acero
inoxidable o algún otro metal eléctricamente conductivo.
El conjunto 22 actuador de extremo incluye
también una parte exterior de morro 94 y una parte interior de
morro 96, que se acoplan a los miembros de mordaza 82 y 80,
respectivamente. Un primer pivote 105 está situado sobre la parte de
morro exterior 94, y está dimensionada para acoplarse al
correspondiente orificio 89 de pivote situado sobre la pestaña 83.
Un segundo pivote 103 está situado sobre la parte de morro interior
96, y está dimensionado para acoplarse al correspondiente orificio
87 de pivote situado en la pestaña 81. El centro de giro del primer
miembro de mordaza 82 está en un segundo orificio de pivote 89.
Preferiblemente, cada parte de morro 94 y 96 está hecha de material
eléctricamente conductivo, y transmite energía electroquirúrgica al
respectivo miembro de mordaza 82 y 80, como se describe en detalle
más adelante.
Como antes se ha mencionado con respecto a la
fig. 3, la energía electroquirúrgica es transmitida desde el
generador electroquirúrgico a la placa de circuito impreso 58, que
la convierte en los polos primero y segundo. Un par de sujetadores
terminales 64a y 64b están conectados a la placa de circuito
impreso 58, y transfieren los polos primero y segundo de potencial
alterno, respectivamente, al conjunto 11 de vástago de
accionamiento. El sujetador 64a conecta con el árbol 12 y conduce el
primer polo al miembro de mordaza 82, y el sujetador 64b conecta
con el pistón 38, que a su vez está conectado al vástago de
accionamiento 70. El segundo polo es conducido a lo largo del
vástago de accionamiento 70 hasta el miembro de mordaza 80. Tanto
el vástago de accionamiento 70 como el árbol 12 están hechos de un
material eléctricamente conductivo, y preferiblemente hay dispuesto
un manguito aislante 75 entre el vástago de accionamiento 70 y el
árbol 12, para evitar que el fórceps resulte cortocircuitado.
Como se aprecia mejor en la fig. 4, la parte de
morro interior 96 está conectada eléctricamente al vástago de
accionamiento 70, y la parte de morro exterior 94 está conectada
eléctricamente al árbol 12. Las partes de morro interior y exterior
96 y 94 capturan la horquilla 84 junto con las pestañas 83 y 81. La
horquilla 84 se mueve axialmente a lo largo del eje "A" (véanse
las figs. 7 y 8) en un espacio entre las partes interior y exterior
96 y 94, y un puntal espaciador 119 mantiene la separación de las
partes de morro 96 y 94 en sus extremos distales. El puntal 119 está
dimensionado para acoplarse a las partes de morro 96 y 94 y
bloquearlas juntas, lo que a su vez bloquea los miembros de mordaza
80 y 82 encima de la horquilla 84. En algunos casos puede ser
preferible dimensionar el puntal 119 de modo que éste actúe como
miembro de tope y controle la distancia de separación entre sí de
los miembros de mordaza opuestos 80 y 82. En este caso, el puntal
119 está formado de un material eléctricamente aislante, tal como
plástico. Las partes de morro 94 y 96 proporcionan apoyo lateral
para las pestañas 81 y 83, y ayudan a asegurar que los retenedores
90 y 92 permanezcan dentro de las ranuras de leva 86 y 88,
respectivamente.
El conjunto 22 actuador de extremo incluye
también un aislador interior 102 y un aislador exterior 100, para
mantener el aislamiento eléctrico entre los polos. El aislador
exterior 100 aísla la parte de morro exterior 94 de la parte de
morro interior 96, y el vástago de accionamiento 70 que conduce el
segundo polo de energía eléctrica. El aislador interior 102 aísla
la parte de morro interior 96 de la parte de morro exterior 94 y el
árbol 12, que conduce el primer polo de energía eléctrica. De esta
manera, la parte de morro exterior 94 puede proporcionar
continuidad eléctrica entre el árbol 12 y el miembro de mordaza 82,
mientras que la parte de morro interior 96 puede proporcionar
continuidad eléctrica entre el vástago de accionamiento 70 y el
miembro de mordaza 80.
Preferiblemente, es utilizado un contacto de
resorte 98 para mantener la conexión eléctrica entre el vástago de
accionamiento 70 y la parte de morro interior 96 durante el
movimiento axial del vástago de accionamiento 70. Un espaciador 108
en forma de rosquilla puede ser utilizado también para asegurar el
movimiento lineal del vástago de accionamiento 70 dentro del
manguito 75, para evitar el cortocircuitado accidental del fórceps
10.
Como antes se ha dicho y como mejor se aprecia en
la fig. 4, el conjunto 11 de vástago incluye también un engranaje 52
que se une al árbol 12 y que facilita el movimiento giratorio del
conjunto 22 actuador de extremo en torno al eje "A", Más
particularmente, el engranaje 52 incluye una parte superior 52a y
una parte inferior 52b, cada una de las cuales tiene un par de
superficies intermedias mecánicas 54a y 54b, respectivamente,
extendidas hacia fuera, que están dimensionadas para acoplarse
liberablemente al correspondiente par de superficies intermedias
mecánicas 35 dispuestas a través del árbol 12. Preferiblemente, el
engranaje 52 está hecho de un material aislante eléctricamente, por
ejemplo plástico, para evitar la transferencia de energía
electroquirúrgica al conjunto giratorio 23. Como se aprecia mejor
en la fig. 5A, el conjunto giratorio 23 incluye dos semisecciones
24a y 24b, cada una de las cuales incluye una pestaña 77a y 77b,
respectivamente, que se extiende hacia fuera desde aquéllas para
acoplarse al engranaje 52. El giro del conjunto 23 efectúa el
movimiento giratorio del árbol 12, que a su vez hace girar el
conjunto 22 de actuación de extremo en torno al eje "A" (véanse
las figs. 9 y 10).
Con referencia de nuevo a la fig. 4, la horquilla
84 está formada preferiblemente de un material eléctricamente
aislante tal como plástico. Un primer lado 91 de la horquilla 84 se
enfrenta a la primera pestaña 81, y un segundo lado 93 de la
horquilla 84 se enfrenta a la segunda pestaña 83. Cuando la
horquilla 84 está situada entre las pestañas 81 y 83, la horquilla
84 aísla eléctricamente el primer miembro de mordaza 80 del segundo
miembro de mordaza 82. De esta manera, la corriente
electroquirúrgica bipolar puede ser conducida a través del tejido
150 que es asido entre las mordazas 80 y 82, sin que las pestañas
81 y 83 produzcan cortocircuito.
La horquilla 84 incluye también un primer
retenedor 90 situado sobre el primer lado 91, que está dimensionado
para acoplarse de modo móvil a la ranura 86 de leva, y un segundo
retenedor 92 situado sobre el segundo lado 93, que está
dimensionado para acoplarse a la ranura 88 de leva. Preferiblemente,
la combinación de retenedor y de ranura de leva, 90, 86 y 92, 28,
respectivamente, trabajan juntas como enlace mecánico de
leva-seguidor. El movimiento lineal del vástago de
accionamiento 70 a lo largo del eje "A" mueve la horquilla 84 y
hace que los retenedores 90 y 92 se deslicen dentro de sus
respectivas ranuras de leva 86 y 88. En una realización, las
ranuras 86 y 88 están en ángulo con respecto a los extremos
distales de las mordazas 80 y 82, de modo que éstas se mueven en
modalidad en general arqueada en aproximación y alejamiento entre
sí.
En otra realización, la periferia interior de las
ranuras 86 y 88 de leva está conformada para incluir dos ángulos,
que a su vez hacen que los miembros de mordaza 80 y 82 se muevan
entre sí según dos modalidades separadas y distintas al mover el
vástago de accionamiento 70. Por ejemplo, las ranuras de leva 86 y
88 pueden incluir una etapa primera o proximal, que efectúa un
movimiento en general arqueado de los miembros de mordaza 80 y 82
entre sí, y una etapa segunda o distal en la que los miembros de
mordaza 80 y 82 se mueven entre sí según una modalidad más lineal.
Esta previsto que las ranuras 86 y 88 de leva puedan estar
dimensionadas para efectuar entre sí otros movimientos de los
miembros de mordaza 80 y 82, en función de una finalidad particular,
por ejemplo, movimiento parabólico, cicloidal, y/o sinusoidal.
Como se aprecia mejor en las figs. 7 y 8, los
retenedores 90 y 92 proporcionan una fuerza contra la
correspondiente periferia interior de las ranuras de leva 86 y 88,
lo que crea un momento en torno a los pivotes 103 y 105,
respectivamente. Preferiblemente, las ranuras de leva 86 y 88 están
dispuestas de modo que el movimiento distal del vástago de
accionamiento 70 haga que los miembros de mordaza 80 y 82 se muevan
y se junten. Una vez que los miembros de mordaza 80 y 82 se cierran
entre sí, está previsto que las mordazas 80 y 82 se mantengan en
posición cerrada mediante una fuerza de compresión continuada del
vástago 70, debida al miembro de empuñadura 26. Como antes se ha
dicho, el conjunto de empuñadura 18 puede incluir un mecanismo de
movimiento perdido para mantener una fuerza de sujeción
predeterminada o máxima para la obturación del tejido 150 entre los
miembros de mordaza 80 y 82.
Una de las ventajas del aparato de esta memoria
descriptiva es que las fuerzas de sujeción excesivas que
normalmente están asociadas a los retenedores 90 y 92 son
descargadas por la configuración única de la horquilla 84, que
impide el fallo mecánico del fórceps 10. Más particularmente, las
ranuras de leva 86 y 88 están dimensionadas preferiblemente de modo
que el movimiento del seguidor de leva de los retenedores 90 y 92,
dentro de las ranuras 86 y 88 de leva, trabajen simplemente para
sujetar el tejido 150 entre los miembros de mordaza 80 y 82, y un
brazo de momento pequeño se crea entre los retenedores 90 y 92 y
los pivotes 103 y 105, respectivamente.
Antes de que los retenedores 90 y 92 alcancen sus
posiciones más distales dentro de las ranuras de leva 86 y 88,
respectivamente, un par de escalones 111 y 113 situados en la
horquilla 84 están dimensionados para acoplarse a las pestañas 81 y
83 y descargar cualquier fuerza de sujeción adicional aplicada por
el conjunto de empuñadura 18.
En algunos casos puede ser preferible dimensionar
las ranuras 86 y 88 de leva para que tengan un extremo distal
aumentado u fondo cerrado 78a y 78b, de modo que el movimiento del
seguidor de leva de los retenedores 90 y 92 en su punto más distal
dentro de las ranuras 86 y 88 llegue a descansar dentro de los
fondos cerrados 78a y 78b, lo que permite que la fuerza de cierre
sea descargada por los escalones 111 y 113 que topan con las
pestañas 81 y 83. Esta previsto que los fondos cerrados 78a y 78b
que están situados dentro de las ranuras de leva 86 y 88 alivien
las tensiones de cizallamiento sobre los retenedores 90 y 92,
aproximadamente al mismo tiempo que las partes de escalón 111 y 113
de la horquilla 84 se acoplan a las pestañas 81 y 83, para
proporcionar una fuerza de cierre entre los miembros de mordaza 80
y 82.
Los escalones 111 y 113 topan con el extremo
proximal de las pestañas 81 y 83, para hacer que los miembros de
mordaza 80 y 82 se junten y cierren con gran fuerza de cierre.
Dicho en otros términos, las partes de escalón 111 y 113
proporcionan un momento relativamente grande en torno a los pivotes
103 y 105, para efectuar una alta fuerza de cierre entre los
miembros de mordaza 80 y 82. La configuración única del enlace del
seguidor de leva junto con los escalones 111 y 113 descarga las
fuerzas de sujeción altas, y evita que los retenedores 90 y 92 se
rompan debido a fallo mecánico. Dado que los pivotes 103 y 105
están hechos preferiblemente de metal, y que pueden soportar unas
fuerzas de cizallamiento relativamente altas, la horquilla 84 y sus
partes componentes pueden estar formados de un material aislante
poco costoso, tal como plástico, sin riesgo de fallo mecánico
debido a las altas fuerzas de sujeción necesarias para obturar el
tejido. Como antes se ha dicho, la formación de la horquilla 84 de
materiales aislantes evitará también que los miembros de mordaza 80
y 82 se cortocircuiten.
Dos factores mecánicos juegan un papel importante
en la determinación del grosor resultante del tejido obturado y en
la efectividad de la obturación, es decir, la presión aplicada
entre los miembros de mordaza opuestos 80 y 82 y la holgura entre
dichos miembros durante la operación de obturación. No obstante, el
grosor de la obturación del tejido resultante no puede ser
controlada adecuadamente sólo por la fuerza, es decir, que
demasiada fuerza con los dos miembros de mordaza 80 y 82 en contacto
y con poca energía recorriendo el tejido darán por resultado una
mala obturación, y con una fuerza escasa la obturación resultará
demasiado gruesa. La aplicación de la fuerza correcta es importante
por otras razones: para enfrentar las paredes del vaso; reducir la
impedancia del tejido a un valor suficientemente bajo que permita
que una corriente suficiente recorra el tejido; y vencer las
fuerzas de expansión durante el caldeo del tejido además de
contribuir a crear el grosor final del tejido requerido, lo que es
una indicación de una buena obturación.
Como se aprecia mejor en la fig. 4, para
conseguir un margen de holgura deseado (por ejemplo, aproximadamente
de 0,00254 cm a aproximadamente 0,01344 cm), y aplicar una fuerza
deseada para obturar el tejido, al menos un miembro de mordaza 80
y/o 82 incluye un miembro de tope 139, que limita el movimiento de
los dos miembros de mordaza opuestos 80 y 82 entre sí. Como se ha
explicado anteriormente, en algunos casos puede ser preferible
dimensionar el puntal 119 de modo que actúe como un miembro de tope
y limite el movimiento de los dos miembros de mordaza opuestos 80 y
82 entre sí. Preferiblemente, el miembro de tope 139 y/o el puntal
119 están hechos de un material aislante, y están dimensionados
para limitar el movimiento opuesto de los miembros de mordaza 80 y
82 dentro del margen de holgura anterior.
Las superficies obturadoras de los miembros de
mordaza 80 y 82 son relativamente planas, para evitar
concentraciones de corriente en los bordes agudos, y evitar también
la formación de arco entre los puntos altos. Además, y debido a la
fuerza de reacción del tejido 150 cuando se acoplan, los miembros de
mordaza 80 y 82 están fabricados preferiblemente para resistirse a
la curvatura. Por ejemplo y como se aprecia mejor en la fig. 2, los
miembros de mordaza 80 y 82 están ahusados preferiblemente a lo
largo de la anchura "W", lo que resulta ventajoso por dos
razones: 1) el ahusamiento aplicará una presión constante para un
grosor de tejido constante en paralelo; 2) la parte proximal más
gruesa de los miembros de mordaza 80 y 82 se resistirá a la
curvatura debido a la fuerza de reacción del tejido 150.
La fig. 11 muestra el fórceps bipolar 10 durante
el uso, en el que el movimiento del conjunto de empuñadura aplica
una fuerza de sujeción al tejido tubular 150, para efectuar una
obturación 152 como se muestra en las figs. 12 y 13. Más
particularmente, el árbol 12 y el conjunto actuador 22 de extremo
son insertados a través de un trocar 130 y una cánula 132, y la
empuñadura 26 es desplazada progresivamente hacia la empuñadura
fija 28, para hacer que los miembros de mordaza 80 y 82 agarren el
tejido tubular 150 entre ellos. Después de que dichos miembros de
mordaza 80 y 82 son cerrados en torno al tejido 150, el usuario
aplica entonces energía electroquirúrgica a dicho tejido 150.
Mediante el control de la intensidad, la frecuencia, y la duración
de la energía electroquirúrgica aplicada al tejido 150, el usuario
puede cauterizar, coagular o desecar la obturación, cortar el
tejido, y/o simplemente reducir o retardar el sangrado. Como se
muestra en las figs. 13 y 14, una vez obturado el vaso tubular,
dicho vaso 150 puede ser cortado a lo largo de la obturación 152,
para separar el tejido 150 y formar un hueco 154 entre las partes
cortadas.
De lo expuesto y con referencia las diversas
figuras, los expertos en la técnica apreciarán que pueden
introducirse también ciertas modificaciones en la presente memoria
descriptiva, sin apartarse del alcance de ella. Por ejemplo, puede
ser preferible añadir otras características del fórceps 10, por
ejemplo, un conjunto articulado para desplazar axialmente el
conjunto actuador 22 de extremo con relación al árbol alargado
22.
Aunque en los dibujos sólo se ha mostrado una
realización de la memoria descriptiva, no se pretende que esta
memoria se limite a dicha realización, sino que sea de alcance tan
amplio como permita la técnica, y las especificaciones han de ser
leídas de igual modo. Por tanto, la descripción anterior no debe ser
considerada como limitadora, sino simplemente como ejemplos de una
realización preferida. Los expertos en la técnica imaginarán otras
modificaciones, dentro del alcance de las reivindicaciones
siguientes.
Claims (6)
1. Un fórceps endoscópico bipolar (10), que
comprende:
- unos miembros de mordaza primero (80) y segundo
(82) unidos pivotablemente en relación opuesta entre sí, cada uno de
cuyos miembros de mordaza incluye una pestaña (81, 83) que se
extiende desde ellos, y dichos miembros de mordaza son desplazables
relativamente desde una primera posición abierta, en la que los
miembros de mordaza están dispuestos en relación espaciada entre
sí, a una segunda posición de sujeción, en la dichos miembros de
mordaza cooperan para asir tejido entre ellos;
- un conjunto (11) de vástago de accionamiento
que conecta dichos miembros de mordaza a una fuente de energía
eléctrica tal que dicho primer miembro de mordaza tiene un primer
potencial eléctrico, y dicho segundo miembro de mordaza tiene un
segundo potencial eléctrico, y dichos miembros de mordaza son
capaces de conducir energía bipolar a través del tejido sujetado
entre ellos;
- un miembro de horquilla (84) unido al extremo
distal de dicho conjunto de vástago de accionamiento y unido entre
dichos miembros de mordaza, cuyo miembro de horquilla y los citados
miembros de mordaza tienen una conexión mecánica de seguidor de
leva con la que el movimiento de dicho miembro de horquilla imparte
el movimiento de dichos miembros de mordaza desde las citadas
posiciones primera y segunda;
- un par de partes de escalón (111, 113) unidas a
dicho miembro de horquilla, que están dimensionados para topar con
dichas pestañas de los citados miembros de mordaza, cuando éstos
son movidos a la segunda posición, para aliviar las tensiones de
cizallamiento sobre dicha conexión mecánica del seguidor de leva
durante la sujeción y obturación del tejido; y
- una empuñadura (26) unida a dicho conjunto de
vástago de accionamiento, para impartir movimiento al citado miembro
de horquilla.
2. Un fórceps bipolar de acuerdo con cualquiera
de las reivindicaciones precedentes, que comprende al menos un
miembro de tope unido a al menos uno de dichos miembros de
mordaza.
3. Un fórceps bipolar de acuerdo con cualquiera
de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en el que el movimiento lineal
de dicha horquilla imparte el movimiento de dichos miembros de
mordaza entre sí.
4. Un fórceps bipolar de acuerdo con cualquiera
de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en el que cada uno de dichos
miembros de mordaza incluye una ranura (86, 88) de leva situada a
su través, y dicha horquilla incluye al menos un retenedor
correspondiente (90, 92) que se acopla a dichas ranuras de leva, de
modo que el movimiento del citado miembro de horquilla imparte el
movimiento entre sí a dichos miembros de mordaza.
5. Un fórceps bipolar de acuerdo con la
reivindicación 4, en el que la periferia interior de dichas ranuras
de leva está conformada para impartir al menos dos movimientos
diferentes a dichos miembros de mordaza entre sí.
6. Un fórceps bipolar de acuerdo con cualquiera
de las reivindicaciones 4 o 5, en el que cada una de dichas ranuras
de leva incluye un orificio cerrado (78a, 78b) situado allí para
aliviar las tensiones de cizallamiento sobre dicho retenedor,
aproximadamente cuando las citadas partes de escalón de dicho
miembro de horquilla se acoplan a las citadas pestañas de dichos
miembros de mordaza.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US17795098A | 1998-10-23 | 1998-10-23 | |
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ES05012744T Expired - Lifetime ES2324479T3 (es) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-22 | Forceps electroquirurgico endoscopico bipolar. |
ES99970909T Expired - Lifetime ES2241369T3 (es) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-22 | Forceps bipolar electroquirurgico endoscopico. |
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ES05012744T Expired - Lifetime ES2324479T3 (es) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-22 | Forceps electroquirurgico endoscopico bipolar. |
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EP (3) | EP2072017B1 (es) |
JP (2) | JP4164235B2 (es) |
AU (1) | AU757278B2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2347633C (es) |
DE (2) | DE69925854T2 (es) |
ES (2) | ES2324479T3 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2000024331A1 (es) |
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-
1999
- 1999-10-22 WO PCT/US1999/024870 patent/WO2000024331A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-10-22 AU AU12258/00A patent/AU757278B2/en not_active Expired
- 1999-10-22 DE DE69925854T patent/DE69925854T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-22 ES ES05012744T patent/ES2324479T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-22 EP EP09004976.8A patent/EP2072017B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-22 CA CA2347633A patent/CA2347633C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-22 ES ES99970909T patent/ES2241369T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-22 EP EP05012744A patent/EP1595508B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-22 DE DE69940706T patent/DE69940706D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-22 EP EP99970909A patent/EP1131010B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-22 JP JP2000577948A patent/JP4164235B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-04-03 US US09/825,500 patent/US6458130B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-09-17 US US10/246,107 patent/US6682528B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-05-16 JP JP2008129371A patent/JP4851489B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2347633C (en) | 2011-01-04 |
US20030040745A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
JP4851489B2 (ja) | 2012-01-11 |
EP1595508A2 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
CA2347633A1 (en) | 2000-05-04 |
EP2072017A3 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
EP1595508A3 (en) | 2006-01-11 |
JP2008246216A (ja) | 2008-10-16 |
DE69940706D1 (de) | 2009-05-20 |
DE69925854D1 (de) | 2005-07-21 |
US6458130B1 (en) | 2002-10-01 |
EP2072017B1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
EP1131010A1 (en) | 2001-09-12 |
WO2000024331A1 (en) | 2000-05-04 |
AU1225800A (en) | 2000-05-15 |
EP1131010B1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
DE69925854T2 (de) | 2006-05-11 |
US6682528B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 |
JP4164235B2 (ja) | 2008-10-15 |
EP2072017A2 (en) | 2009-06-24 |
AU757278B2 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
JP2002528167A (ja) | 2002-09-03 |
ES2324479T3 (es) | 2009-08-07 |
EP1595508B1 (en) | 2009-04-08 |
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