ES2180854T3 - Procedimiento y dispositivo para la carburacion, el enfriado rapido y temple. - Google Patents
Procedimiento y dispositivo para la carburacion, el enfriado rapido y temple.Info
- Publication number
- ES2180854T3 ES2180854T3 ES97109037T ES97109037T ES2180854T3 ES 2180854 T3 ES2180854 T3 ES 2180854T3 ES 97109037 T ES97109037 T ES 97109037T ES 97109037 T ES97109037 T ES 97109037T ES 2180854 T3 ES2180854 T3 ES 2180854T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- carburization
- camera
- temple
- machining
- carried out
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/42—Induction heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/78—Combined heat-treatments not provided for above
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2261/00—Machining or cutting being involved
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0037—Rotary furnaces with vertical axis; Furnaces with rotating floor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
SE PRESENTA UN METODO Y UN APARATO PARA LA CARBURIZACION, TEMPLE Y REVENIDO DE PIEZAS, MEDIANTE EL CUAL LA FASE DE CARBURIZACION PUEDE INCORPORARSE A UN PROCESO DE MECANIZADO Y FABRICACION A REALIZAR EN UN SISTEMA DE MECANIZADO Y FABRICACION EN LINEA COMO UNA ETAPA DEL MISMO, Y MEDIANTE EL CUAL EL TRATAMIENTO O PROCESAMIENTO DE ALTA CALIDAD PUEDE CONSEGUIRSE SIN QUE SE PRODUZCAN VARIACIONES DE CALIDAD ENTRE LOS PRODUCTOS TERMOTRATADOS. EN ESTE APARATO, UNA CAMARA DE PRECALENTAMIENTO (2), SEIS CAMARAS DE CARBURIZACION (5A A 5F), UNA CAMARA DE ENFRIAMIENTO (6), UNA CAMARA DE RECALENTAMIENTO (7), UNA CAMARA DE TEMPLE (8) SE COLOCAN ALREDEDOR DE UNA CAMARA INTERMEDIA (4) QUE TIENE UN DISPOSITIVO DE TRANSPORTE (12). ADEMAS, SE UTILIZA UNA TECNICA DE CALENTAMIENTO POR INDUCCION DE ALTA FRECUENCIA PARA CALENTAR CADA UNA DE LAS CAMARAS PRINCIPALES DE PROCESAMIENTO O TRATAMIENTO. ASIMISMO, SE REALIZA UN METODO DE CARBURIZACION POR PLASMA EN LA CAMARA DE CARBURIZACION. ADEMAS, LAS PIEZAS, QUE SON TRANSPORTADAS SUCESIVAMENTE AL INTERIOR DE ESTE APARATO A TRAVES DE UNA LINEA DE MECANIZADO Y FABRICACION, SON ASIGNADAS Y DISTRIBUIDAS A LAS CAMARAS RESPECTIVAMENTE, Y LUEGO TRATADAS O PROCESADAS EN LAS MISMAS. DE ESTA FORMA, EL PROCESO DE CARBURIZACION, TEMPLE Y REVENIDO PUEDE REALIZARSE SIN PARALIZACIONES.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14411396 | 1996-06-06 | ||
| JP07810897A JP3895000B2 (ja) | 1996-06-06 | 1997-03-28 | 浸炭焼入焼戻方法及び装置 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2180854T3 true ES2180854T3 (es) | 2003-02-16 |
Family
ID=26419186
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES97109037T Expired - Lifetime ES2180854T3 (es) | 1996-06-06 | 1997-06-04 | Procedimiento y dispositivo para la carburacion, el enfriado rapido y temple. |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5868871A (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0811697B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP3895000B2 (es) |
| KR (1) | KR100338118B1 (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69713963T2 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2180854T3 (es) |
Families Citing this family (61)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19829825C2 (de) * | 1997-07-07 | 2002-10-10 | Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd | Karburierungs- und Abschreckungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abschrecken dünner Plattenteile |
| JP3894635B2 (ja) * | 1997-08-11 | 2007-03-22 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 浸炭部材とその製造方法並びに浸炭処理システム |
| US6620262B1 (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 2003-09-16 | Nsk Ltd. | Method of manufacturing inner and outer races of deep groove ball bearing in continuous annealing furnace |
| DE19834133C1 (de) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-02-03 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hohlwellen |
| JP4041602B2 (ja) * | 1998-10-28 | 2008-01-30 | Dowaホールディングス株式会社 | 鋼部品の減圧浸炭方法 |
| JP4537522B2 (ja) * | 2000-02-07 | 2010-09-01 | 中外炉工業株式会社 | 間欠駆動式真空浸炭炉 |
| JP3524037B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-26 | 2004-04-26 | 電気興業株式会社 | クランクシャフトの高周波焼戻方法及び装置 |
| CN1291057C (zh) * | 2001-11-30 | 2006-12-20 | 光洋热系统株式会社 | 真空热处理方法及装置 |
| JP2003183728A (ja) * | 2001-12-14 | 2003-07-03 | Jh Corp | 真空熱処理装置 |
| US6902635B2 (en) * | 2001-12-26 | 2005-06-07 | Nitrex Metal Inc. | Multi-cell thermal processing unit |
| EP1361437A1 (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2003-11-12 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | A novel biological cancer marker and methods for determining the cancerous or non-cancerous phenotype of cells |
| US20060062930A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2006-03-23 | Devendra Kumar | Plasma-assisted carburizing |
| US7465362B2 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2008-12-16 | Btu International, Inc. | Plasma-assisted nitrogen surface-treatment |
| US20060228497A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2006-10-12 | Satyendra Kumar | Plasma-assisted coating |
| WO2003095237A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2003-11-20 | Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method of decorating large plastic 3d objects |
| US7445817B2 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2008-11-04 | Btu International Inc. | Plasma-assisted formation of carbon structures |
| AU2003267104A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2003-11-11 | Dana Corporation | Plasma-assisted processing in a manufacturing line |
| US20060237398A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2006-10-26 | Dougherty Mike L Sr | Plasma-assisted processing in a manufacturing line |
| US7560657B2 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2009-07-14 | Btu International Inc. | Plasma-assisted processing in a manufacturing line |
| US7497922B2 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2009-03-03 | Btu International, Inc. | Plasma-assisted gas production |
| US20060057016A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2006-03-16 | Devendra Kumar | Plasma-assisted sintering |
| US7638727B2 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2009-12-29 | Btu International Inc. | Plasma-assisted heat treatment |
| US7494904B2 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2009-02-24 | Btu International, Inc. | Plasma-assisted doping |
| US7498066B2 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2009-03-03 | Btu International Inc. | Plasma-assisted enhanced coating |
| US20060233682A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2006-10-19 | Cherian Kuruvilla A | Plasma-assisted engine exhaust treatment |
| US20050233091A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2005-10-20 | Devendra Kumar | Plasma-assisted coating |
| US7432470B2 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2008-10-07 | Btu International, Inc. | Surface cleaning and sterilization |
| US7189940B2 (en) | 2002-12-04 | 2007-03-13 | Btu International Inc. | Plasma-assisted melting |
| JP2005009702A (ja) * | 2003-06-17 | 2005-01-13 | Jh Corp | 多室型真空熱処理装置 |
| FR2863629B1 (fr) * | 2003-12-12 | 2006-12-08 | Etudes Const Mecaniques | Procede et dispositif de traitement physicochimique a chaud de pieces mecaniques |
| FR2874079B1 (fr) * | 2004-08-06 | 2008-07-18 | Francis Pelissier | Machine de traitement thermochimique de cementation |
| DE112004002944T5 (de) * | 2004-08-23 | 2007-08-02 | Koyo Thermo Systems Co., Ltd., Tenri | Karburiervorrichtung und Karburierverfahren |
| US20080129208A1 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2008-06-05 | Satyendra Kumar | Atmospheric Processing Using Microwave-Generated Plasmas |
| US8262387B2 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2012-09-11 | Dowa Thermotech Co., Ltd. | Atmosphere heat treatment apparatus and method of operating the same |
| JP5358875B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-28 | 2013-12-04 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | 鋼部材の冷却方法 |
| US7744955B2 (en) * | 2005-08-02 | 2010-06-29 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Method of thermally tempering coated article with transparent conductive oxide (TCO) coating using flame(s) in tempering furnace adjacent TCO to burn off oxygen and product made using same |
| US20070029186A1 (en) * | 2005-08-02 | 2007-02-08 | Alexey Krasnov | Method of thermally tempering coated article with transparent conductive oxide (TCO) coating using inorganic protective layer during tempering and product made using same |
| US7597964B2 (en) * | 2005-08-02 | 2009-10-06 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Thermally tempered coated article with transparent conductive oxide (TCO) coating |
| RU2374335C1 (ru) | 2005-09-26 | 2009-11-27 | Аисин Ав Ко., Лтд. | Стальной элемент, способ его термической обработки и способ его получения |
| US8298380B2 (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2012-10-30 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Method of making thermally tempered coated article with transparent conductive oxide (TCO) coating in color compression configuration, and product made using same |
| JP4947783B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-26 | 2012-06-06 | 株式会社Ihi機械システム | 真空熱処理装置 |
| KR100996285B1 (ko) * | 2008-06-23 | 2010-11-23 | 조선대학교산학협력단 | 피처리물 진공 침탄 방법 |
| DE102012013576A1 (de) * | 2012-07-11 | 2014-01-16 | Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach | DLC Beschichtungen mit erhöhter Korrosionsbeständigkeit |
| US9458519B2 (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2016-10-04 | Ipsen, Inc. | Process for cooling a metal workload in a multimedia quench system |
| DE102012221152A1 (de) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-06-05 | Thyssenkrupp System Engineering Gmbh | System zum Temperieren von Werkstücken |
| JP2014118622A (ja) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-30 | Ipsen Inc | 一体型アクセスドアを備えた焼入れチャンバ |
| DE102013006589A1 (de) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-10-23 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung für das thermochemische Härten von Werkstücken |
| CN103740903B (zh) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-06-03 | 浦江县科创进出口有限公司 | 工件热处理方法 |
| CN104775009A (zh) * | 2014-01-14 | 2015-07-15 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种大型支承辊淬火时的加热方法 |
| JP6403959B2 (ja) | 2014-03-06 | 2018-10-10 | Dowaサーモテック株式会社 | 浸炭焼入れ設備 |
| PL228193B1 (pl) * | 2014-10-06 | 2018-02-28 | Seco/Warwick Społka Akcyjna | Urzadzenie do jednostkowego hartowania czesci urzadzen technicznych |
| JP6297471B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-10 | 2018-03-20 | 中外炉工業株式会社 | 熱処理設備 |
| PL228603B1 (pl) | 2015-02-04 | 2018-04-30 | Seco/Warwick Spolka Akcyjna | Piec wielokomorowy do nawęglania próżniowego i hartowania kół zębatych, wałków, pierścieni i tym podobnych detali |
| JP6256388B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-10 | 2018-01-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ワークの処理システムと処理方法 |
| CN105316454A (zh) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-02-10 | 靖江市佳佳工程机械制造有限公司 | 一种旋梭梭床的热处理方法 |
| JP6477609B2 (ja) * | 2016-06-20 | 2019-03-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 表面処理方法および表面処理装置 |
| WO2018221465A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-29 | 2018-12-06 | 株式会社Ihi | 多室型熱処理装置 |
| PL422596A1 (pl) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-02-25 | Seco/Warwick Spółka Akcyjna | Sposób nawęglania podciśnieniowego (LPC) elementów wykonanych ze stopów żelaza i innych metali |
| CN108004383A (zh) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-05-08 | 江苏石川岛丰东真空技术有限公司 | 高低温炉内转化装置及工件高低温炉内转化方法 |
| CN108950167B (zh) * | 2018-07-13 | 2019-10-11 | 燕山大学 | 一种管材滚切刀具感应加热装置及方法 |
| CN111349761B (zh) * | 2020-05-11 | 2021-09-21 | 南京红宝机械刀具有限公司 | 一种刀具高频热处理工艺 |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5855524A (ja) * | 1981-09-29 | 1983-04-01 | High Frequency Heattreat Co Ltd | 焼入装置の運転方法および焼入装置 |
| FR2537260B3 (fr) * | 1982-12-02 | 1985-11-22 | Traitement Sous Vide | Four multicellulaire pour le traitement thermique, thermochimique ou electrothermique de metaux sous atmosphere rarefiee |
| JPS60138065A (ja) * | 1983-12-27 | 1985-07-22 | Chugai Ro Kogyo Kaisha Ltd | ガス浸炭焼入方法およびその連続式ガス浸炭焼入設備 |
| FR2594102B1 (fr) * | 1986-02-12 | 1991-04-19 | Stein Heurtey | Installation flexible automatisee de traitement thermochimique rapide |
| JPS62297453A (ja) * | 1986-06-17 | 1987-12-24 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | プラズマ浸炭炉における予備加熱方法 |
| DE4005956C1 (es) * | 1990-02-26 | 1991-06-06 | Siegfried Dipl.-Ing. Dr. 5135 Selfkant De Straemke | |
| US5225144A (en) * | 1990-07-03 | 1993-07-06 | Tokyo Heat Treating Company | Gas-carburizing process and apparatus |
| JPH0466658A (ja) * | 1990-07-04 | 1992-03-03 | Seiko Epson Corp | プラズマ浸炭方法及びプラズマ浸炭装置 |
| JPH06511514A (ja) * | 1992-01-15 | 1994-12-22 | アイヒェリン ゲーエムベーハー | 金属工作物を熱処理する装置 |
| JP3239432B2 (ja) * | 1992-03-25 | 2001-12-17 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | 高強度の被削性に優れた高周波焼入歯車用鋼 |
| JPH0657403A (ja) * | 1992-08-14 | 1994-03-01 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 連続式プラズマ熱処理炉 |
| JPH06136509A (ja) * | 1992-10-27 | 1994-05-17 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | プラズマ浸炭炉 |
| JPH06174377A (ja) * | 1992-12-04 | 1994-06-24 | Komatsu Ltd | 多目的雰囲気熱処理装置 |
| JPH083720A (ja) * | 1994-06-16 | 1996-01-09 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 転動疲労寿命に優れた鋼製部品とその製造方法 |
| JP3448789B2 (ja) * | 1995-01-20 | 2003-09-22 | 同和鉱業株式会社 | ガス浸炭方法 |
| DE29505496U1 (de) * | 1995-03-31 | 1995-06-01 | Ipsen Industries International GmbH, 47533 Kleve | Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke unter Vakuum |
-
1997
- 1997-03-28 JP JP07810897A patent/JP3895000B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-02 US US08/867,448 patent/US5868871A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-04 ES ES97109037T patent/ES2180854T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-04 EP EP97109037A patent/EP0811697B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-04 DE DE69713963T patent/DE69713963T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-05 KR KR1019970023291A patent/KR100338118B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69713963D1 (de) | 2002-08-22 |
| KR19980079257A (ko) | 1998-11-25 |
| KR100338118B1 (ko) | 2002-10-25 |
| EP0811697A3 (en) | 1999-01-27 |
| EP0811697B1 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
| JP3895000B2 (ja) | 2007-03-22 |
| EP0811697A2 (en) | 1997-12-10 |
| US5868871A (en) | 1999-02-09 |
| DE69713963T2 (de) | 2002-11-07 |
| JPH1053809A (ja) | 1998-02-24 |
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