Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
  • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
  • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
  • E05B47/0001—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
  • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
  • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
  • H02J50/001—Energy harvesting or scavenging
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/70—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/855—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
  • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
  • E05B2047/0048—Circuits, feeding, monitoring
  • E05B2047/0057—Feeding
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
  • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
  • E05B2047/0048—Circuits, feeding, monitoring
  • E05B2047/0057—Feeding
  • E05B2047/0058—Feeding by batteries
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
  • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
  • E05B2047/0048—Circuits, feeding, monitoring
  • E05B2047/0057—Feeding
  • E05B2047/0064—Feeding by solar cells
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
  • E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefor
  • E05Y2201/43—Motors
  • E05Y2201/434—Electromotors; Details thereof
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2400/00—Electronic control; Electrical power; Power supply; Power or signal transmission; User interfaces
  • E05Y2400/61—Power supply
  • E05Y2400/612—Batteries
  • E05Y2400/614—Batteries charging thereof
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
  • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
  • E05Y2900/13—Type of wing
  • E05Y2900/132—Doors

Definitions

• the present invention is directed to exterior or interior doors for residential or commercial buildings, such as for a home, apartment, condominium, hotel room or business, and, more particularly, to a door provided with a rechargeable battery as a source of electrical power that may be used to operate electric devices mounted to the door.
• the invention is also directed to a battery charging systems and methods for automatically charging the rechargeable battery in the door.
• Typical existing exterior or interior doors for residential or commercial buildings may have a number of electric devices (or components) mounted to the doors in order to provide desired functions, such as electronic access control, door state feedback, an entry camera and audio communication, an electric powered door latch, an electric powered door lock, etc.
• electric devices or components mounted to the doors in order to provide desired functions, such as electronic access control, door state feedback, an entry camera and audio communication, an electric powered door latch, an electric powered door lock, etc.
• additional electric devices including video doorbells, smart locks, LED lighting, smart glass, electromechanical door closers, wireless connectivity electronics, etc.
• An aspect of the present invention provides a door having electric devices attached thereto.
• the electric devices are powered by one or more rechargeable batteries, that are charged by one or more energy harvester systems and/or by direct connection to a power source.
• a system for distributing the power collected from the energy harvester system and/or the wired connection are also provided.
• Another aspect of the present invention provides a door assembly having a door frame mounted in an opening and the door hinge mounted on the door frame ⁇
• FIG. 1 shows an exterior door assembly according to an exemplary embodiment of a door system with electronics with portions exposed;
• FIG. 2 is a diagram representation of a wireless power transfer system
• FIG. 3 shows an exterior door assembly including a wireless power transfer system with various locations for the transmitting device.
• FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a door system with the wireless power transferring and battery charging technology built in according to the present invention
• FIG. 5 shows an exterior door assembly including a first exemplary solar energy harvester system according to the present invention
• FIG. 6 shows an exterior door assembly including a second exemplary solar energy harvester system according to the present invention
• FIG. 7 shows an exterior door assembly including a third exemplary solar energy harvester system according to the present invention.
• FIG. 8 shows an exterior door assembly including a fourth exemplary solar energy harvester system according to the present invention.
• FIG. 9 shows an exterior door assembly including a fifth exemplary solar energy harvester system according to the present invention.
• Fig. 10 shows an exterior door assembly including a piezoelectric energy harvester system according to the present invention
• Fig. 11 shows an exterior door assembly including a kinetic energy harvester system according to the present invention.
• Fig. 12 shows a system with multiple external energy harvesters (RF and solar) and a optional high voltage AC power source that can recharge the system’s battery.;
• Fig. 13 shows an embodiment where multiple antennas/coils are used and are located at the corners of the door;
• Fig. 14 shows an embodiment where the antenna/coil is located in an opening in the stile
• Fig. 15 shows an embodiment where a large antenna/coil is located at approximately the center of the door
• Fig. 16 shows details of the energy flow of the system
• Fig. 17 is a flow chart showingthe power management logic.
• Fig. 1 depicts a door assembly 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, such as a pre-hung door.
• the door assembly 10 is a conventional hinged residential door assembly, and it should be understood that the door assembly 10 may be an exterior or interior door assembly provided for a residential or commercial building, such as a home, apartment, garage, condominium, hotel, office building, or the like.
• the door assembly 10 may be made of any appropriate material, such as wood, metal, wood composite material, fiberglass reinforced polymer composite or the like.
• the door assembly 10 includes a substantially rectangular frame assembly 12 and a door 14 pivotally attached thereto by at least one hinge 16i, such as a “butt hinge” that includes two leaves.
• the frame assembly 12 includes first and second parallel, spaced apart vertically extending jamb members 12i, 122 and a horizontally extending upper jamb member or header 12c that connects upper ends of the first and second jamb members 12i, 122.
• Those skilled in the art recognize that lower ends of the jamb members 12i, 122 may be interconnected through a threshold 12t.
• the at least one hinge 16i pivotally attaches the door 14 to the first jamb member 12i.
• at least two hinges 16i and I62 are provided to secure the door 14 to the first jamb member 12i.
• three hinges 161, I62, 163 are used to secure the door 14 to the frame assembly 12.
• the following discussion will sometimes use a reference numeral 16 without a subscript numeral to designate an entire group of the hinges.
• the reference numeral 16 will be sometimes used when generically referring to the hinges 161, I62 and 163.
• the door 14 includes a rectangular inner door frame 20, a first (or exterior) door skin (or facing) 23 and a second (or interior) door skin (or facing) 24 secured to opposite sides of the inner door frame 20.
• the first and second door skins 23,24 are formed separately from one another.
• the door skins 23, 24 are secured, e.g., typically adhesively, to a suitable core and/or to opposite sides of the inner door frame 20 so that the inner door frame 20 is sandwiched between the first and second door skins 23,24.
• the first and second door skins 23, 24 are made of a polymer-based composite, such as sheet molding compound (“SMC”), or medium-density fiberboard (MDF), other wood composite materials, fiber- reinforced polymer, such as fiberglass, hardboard, fiberboard, steel, and other thermoplastic materials.
• SMC sheet molding compound
• MDF medium-density fiberboard
• the door 14 has a hinge side 14H mounted to the inner door frame 20 by the hinges 16, and a horizontally opposite latch side 14L.
• the inner door frame 20 includes a pair of parallel, spaced apart horizontally extending top and bottom rails 211 and 2h, respectively, and a pair of parallel, spaced apart vertically extending first and second stiles 22i and 222, respectively, typically manufactured from wood or an engineered wood, such as a laminated veneer lumber (LVL).
• the top and bottom rails 211 and 2h horizontally extend between the first and second stiles 22i and 222.
• the top and bottom rails 211 and 212 may be fixedly secured to the first and second stiles 22i and 222, such as through adhesive or mechanical fasteners.
• the inner door frame 20 further may include a mid-rail.
• the mid-rail extends horizontally and is spaced from the top and bottom rails 211 and 2h, respectively, and is typically also manufactured from wood or an engineered wood, such as a laminated veneer lumber (LVL). Moreover, the mid-rail may be fixedly secured to the first and second stiles 22i and 222. The hinges 16 are secured to the first stile 22i, which defines a hinge stile of the inner door frame 20.
• LDL laminated veneer lumber
• the inner door frame 20 and the first and second door skins 23, 24 of a typical door surround an interior cavity 15, which may be hollow or may be filled, for example with corrugated pads, foam insulation, or other core materials, if desired.
• the door 14 may include a core disposed within the inner door frame 20 between the first and second door skins 23, 24.
• the core may be formed from foam insulation, such as polyurethane foam material, cellulosic material and binder resin, corrugated pads, etc.
• the first and second door skins 23, 24 typically are identical in appearance and may be flat or flush or have one or more paneled portions.
• the door assembly 10 includes a number of electric devices (components) mounted to the door 14, and sometimes also on the inner door frame 20 of the door assembly 10, to provide functions, such as electronic access control, door state feedback, entry camera and audio/video communication, etc.
• the electric devices that may be mounted to the door assembly 10 include, but are not limited to, a doorbell 36i, a digital camera 362 and a threshold LED light 36s, as best illustrated in Fig. 1.
• the threshold LED light 36s may illuminate when an authorized person is recognized or when someone gets close to the door 14.
• the electric devices 361-363 typically are low-voltage DC electric devices operated by low-voltage DC electrical power (such as 5 volts (V), 12 volts, 24 volts or other required voltage). It should be understood that the door assembly 10 may include other electric devices, as there are a number of electric devices marketed to be mounted to doors and provide functions such as electronic access control, door state feedback, entry camera and communication, etc. In the interest of simplicity, the following discussion will sometimes use a reference numeral without a subscript numeral to designate an entire group of the electric devices. For example, the reference numeral 36 will be sometimes used when generically referring to the electric devices 361-363.
• Low voltage direct current is known in the art as 50 volts (V) or less. Common low voltages are 5 V, 12 V, 24 V, and 48 V. Low voltage is normally used for doorbells, garage door opener controls, heating and cooling thermostats, alarm system sensors and controls, outdoor ground lighting, and household and automobile batteries. Low voltage (when the source is operating properly) will not provide a shock from contact. However, a high current, low voltage short circuit (automobile battery) can cause an arc flash and possibly burns.
• the door assembly 10 may include an electric powered door latch/lock 30 mounted to the door 14.
• the electric powered door latch/lock 30 includes a powered central latch bolt moveable between extended and retracted positions.
• the electric powered door latch/lock 30 is mounted to the latch side 14L of the door 14.
• the electric powered door latch/lock 30 is mounted to the second stile 222, which defines a latch stile of the inner door frame 20.
• the electric powered door latch/lock 30 is preferably operated at low-voltage DC electrical power.
• the electric powered door latch/lock 30 may have a lighted doorknob 32 and/or a lighted keyhole.
• the door assembly 10 further comprises a primary battery (or battery pack) 40 that slides into one of the stiles (e.g., the second stile 222) of the door frame 20. While I illustrate the primary battery 40 as being located in stile 222, the primary battery 40 may be incorporated into a compartment in the door 14.
• the primary battery 40 is electrically connected to a DC power distribution block 42.
• the primary battery 40 has a low nominal voltage (such as 5 volts (V), 24 volts or other required voltage).
• the electric components 36 of door assembly 10 are powered and operated by the electrical power of the primary battery 40 as the primary electrical power source for the powered door latch/lock 30 and the electric devices 361-363.
• the primary battery 40 is a rechargeable battery (or one or more battery packs) that is charged by low-voltage DC electrical power.
• Low-voltage DC electrical power is delivered from the power distribution block 42 to the electric powered door latch/lock 30 and the electric devices 361-363 that are mounted to the door 14.
• a plurality of electrical wires 45 electrically connect the low-voltage power distribution block 42 to the electric powered door latch/lock 30 and the electric devices 36i- 363, thus electrically connecting the electric powered door latch/lock 30 and the electric devices 361-363 to the primary battery 40.
• electrical connectors may be premounted in the door 14 at desired locations so that the electric devices 361-363 may simply be inserted and plugged into the electrical connectors.
• a standard flange size and plug location relative to location of a flange of the electric components may be set so that suppliers may supply electric devices that are easily plugged into the door 14.
• the door 14 of the door assembly 10 further comprises a central electronic control unit (ECU) (or power management controller) 48 configured to be programmed to receive input from one or more sensors, such as a motion sensor (or motion detector), a proximity sensor, optical sensor, and send commands to the electric devices 36i- 363, the electric powered door latch/lock 30, and also to a homeowner.
• the ECU 48 preferably is an electronic controller having firmware and/or associated software suitable for assuring operation of the ECU and its interaction with the electric devices 36 and associated sensors, if any.
• the central ECU 48 controls the electric powered door latch/lock 30 and the electric devices 361-363. Accordingly, the central ECU 48 is in communication with the electric powered door latch/lock 30 and the electric devices 361-363 through a communication bus (such as CAN, ethernet, serial) including data links 44i, 442, 443 and 44L.
• a communication bus such as CAN, ethernet, serial
• the door assembly 10 includes a primary battery 40 for wireless charging, e.g., by a wireless power transfer system 50.
• Fig. 1 shows a primary battery 40, in certain embodiments, as described below, it is desirable to include a storage battery 300 to ensure that power is continuously available to operate the system.
• the wireless power transfer system 50 as best illustrated in Fig. 2, comprises a power transmitting device (or power transmitter) 52, a transmitting antenna (or transmitting coupling device) 54 operatively connected to the power transmitter 52, a receiving antenna (or receiving coupling device) 56, and a power receiving device (or power receiver) 58 operatively connected to the coupling device 56.
• the power receiver 58 is operatively connected to the primary battery 40.
• the power transmitter 52 and the transmitting antenna 54 device collectively are referred to as the transmitter assembly 500.
• the receiving antenna 56 and the power receiver 58 collective are referred to herein as the receiver assembly 501.
• the coupling device 56 and the power receiver 58 and primary battery 40 are preferably disposed in the door 14 of the door assembly 10, and the power transmitter 52 and the transmitting coupling device 54 are disposed outside the door 14 and are spaced from the door 14 and not in direct physical contact with the door assembly 10.
• the power transmitter 52 is electrically connected to a stable (such as high voltage AC (such as 110 (or 120) V AC) or DC power power source 60.
• a stable such as high voltage AC (such as 110 (or 120) V AC) or DC power power source 60.
• the power source 60 is supplied power by a wall plug typically found in residential or commercial buildings.
• the power transmitter 52 converts high voltage AC power from the power source 60 to a timevarying electromagnetic field.
• the transmitting coupling device 54 and the receiving coupling device 56 cooperate to transfer the time-varying electromagnetic field to the power receiver 58.
• the power receiver 58 receives the time-varying electromagnetic field and converts it to DC electric current, which is used to directly or indirectly charge the primary battery 40.
• an “antenna” or coupling device
• the term “antenna” (or coupling device), as used herein, may be a coil of wire which generates a magnetic field, a metal plate which generates an electric field, an antenna which radiates radio waves, or a laser which generates light.
• a similar antenna or coupling device 56 at the power receiver 58 receives and converts the oscillating field to an electric current.
• One parameter that determines the type of waves is the frequency, which determines the wavelength.
• inductive coupling transfer of electrical energy using electromagnetic induction between coils by a magnetic field
• resonant inductive coupling a form of the inductive coupling in which power is transferred by magnetic fields between two resonant circuits (tuned circuits), one in the transmitter and one in the receiver
• capacitive coupling transfer of electrical energy using electric fields for the transmission of electrical power between two electrodes (an anode and cathode) forming a capacitance for the transfer of power
• magneto-dynamic coupling transfer of electrical energy between two rotating armatures, one in the transmitter and one in the receiver, which rotate synchronously, coupled together by a magnetic field generated by magnets on the armatures
• microwaves transfer of electrical energy via radio waves with short wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, typically in a microwave range), and light waves (solar and infrared). The used of radio waves is most preferred, followed by infrared (IR), for wireless power transfer
• the power transmitter 52 generates a radio frequency (RF) power signal, and transfers the RF power signal to the power receiver 58 through the transmitting antenna 54 and the receiving antenna 56.
• the power receiver 58 receives and converts the input RF power signal to a charging electric current, preferably DC, and thereby inputs the converted charging electric current into the primary battery 40.
• a charging electric current preferably DC
• the primary battery 40 may be directly or indirectly charged.
• the RF power signal defines a transmitted power charge signal.
• the power transmitter 52 may be installed in one or more locations remote from the door assembly 10, including but not limited to the following locations:
• a light switch junction box 621 located near the door assembly 10 the power transmitter 52 and transmitting antenna 54 fit inside of a light switch, e.g., on a wall of a building, assembled with the power transmitter 52 and transmitting antenna 54 built-in;
• an external receptacle plug transmitter 624 the power transmitter 52 and transmitting antenna 54 are built into the external receptacle plug transmitter 624 that plugs into an electrical outlet 64;
• a doorbell power transmitter 62s, the power transmitter 52 and transmitting antenna 54 are attached to existing doorbell wiring.
• the receiving antenna 56 can be embedded into or attached to the door skin 23 or 24 of the door 14, which allows for great flexibility in the size and shape of the receiving antenna 56.
• the receiving antenna 56 is adhesively attached the door skin 23 or 24 or is sandwiched between the door skin 23 or 24 and the stile 222 or the door frame 20, or between the skin and a foamed middle section of the door.
• the antenna 56 is attached to the surface of the door skin 23 or 24 that faces the interior of the door, so that the antenna 56 is not visible from the exterior of the door 14.
• Figs. 13-15 show different exemplary embodiments of the receiving antenna 56 in the door 14.
• the antenna 56 may be a flat antenna or a coil. The invention, however, is not limited to those exemplary embodiments.
• the receiving antenna 56 includes four different sub-antennae 561-464, each locating proximate a corner of the door 14. Although four different subantennae are shown in Fig. 13, any number may be used.
• the sub-antennae 561-464 are connected together and to the power receiver 58, e.g., by ribbon cables 204.
• the power receiver is preferably located in an opening 206 in one of the stiles 22i and 222 of the door 14.
• the opening 206 is preferably covered by a covering 208 that is removeable to allow access to the power receiver 58.
• the different locations of the sub-antennae improves the efficiency of collecting power.
• the amount of RF power that can be captured is proportional to the distance the radio wave travels from transmitting antenna 54 to receiving antenna 56. So, a direct path allows more energy to be captured compared to a radio wave that bounces off a wall and then makes its way to the receiver.
• the transmitting antenna 54 and receiving antenna 56 should be in line of sight to each other. As such having multiple sub-antennae at different locations on the door 14 allows for flexibility on where the transmitting antenna 54 can be located.
• the receiving antenna 56 and the power receiver 58 are both located inside the opening 206 in one in one of the stiles 22i and 222 of the door 14.
• the receiving antenna 56 is connected to the power receiver 58, e.g., by a ribbon cable 204.
• the opening is preferably covered by the covering 208 that is removeable to allow access to the receiving antenna 56 and the power receiver 58.
• the receiving antenna 56 is attached to approximately the center of the door skin 23 (or 24) and connected to the power receiver 58, e.g., via a ribbon cable 204. This location allows the antenna 56 to be very large.
• the power receiver 58 is located inside the opening 206 in the stiles 22i (or 222).
• the covering 208 covers the opening 206 and is removeable to allow access to the power receiver 58.
• a door assembly 10 includes a wireless power transfer system in the form of an external energy harvester system 66 for ultimately charging the primary battery 40.
• the external energy harvester system 66 as best illustrated in Fig.
• External energy harvesters 66 and energy harvesting (also known as power harvesting or energy scavenging or ambient power) refer generally to apparatuses and processes or methods for collecting and storing energy present in the environment or derived from external energy sources (e.g., solar energy, thermal energy, wind energy, RF energy, salinity gradients, and kinetic energy such as low frequency excitation or rotation, also known as ambient energy), usually by converting the ambient energy to electricity for subsequent storage in a battery.
• the external energy sources are energy sources, such as electromagnetic radiation or mechanical energy, that are not delivered directly to the door 14 or door assembly 10 by wire.
• the ambient energy is captured and stored for small, wireless autonomous devices.
• the energy harvesters provide a very small amount of power for low-energy electronics.
• the energy source for some energy harvesters is naturally present in the ambient environment, while others are intentionally generated (i.e. application specific) .
• the external energy sources are harnessed and converted to electrical energy to eventually charge the primary battery 40.
• each harvester system 66 has a plug-n-play interface 741-744, which allows various external energy sources to be easily harvested by the energy harvester system 66 and which is configured to be connected to a plug-n-play interface 41 of the door 14 to eventually charge the primary battery 40 through a battery charger 43, as shown in Fig. 4.
• the plug-n-play interface 41 is located on the door 14 and contains electrical connectors which allow the plug- n-pay interfaces 74 of the energy harvester systems 66 to be plugged therein.
• the plug-n-play interfaces 41, 74 on the door 14 and the harvester systems 66 allow different energy sources to be quickly added and removed from the system.
• Each installation of the door assembly 10 will be unique and may not have all external energy sources available. For example, some door assembly might be installed in an area that does not have direct sunlight. In this scenario, the solar harvester system 662 is not required. Being able to update to a different eternal energy source in the field allows for flexibility of harvesting the right type of energy for that specific installation. It is difficult to predict what type of external energy sources will be present during the manufacturing process of the door. This allows the system to quickly customized in the field to harvest the most energy.
• reference numerals 661-663 refer to an RF and magnetic wave energy harvester system, a solar energy harvester system, and a mechanical energy harvester system, respectively.
• Reference numeral 664 refers to any other energy harvesting system that may be used.
• the plug-n-play interface 41 on the door 14 preferably includes a plurality of electrical connectors for mating with the plug-n-play interfaces 74 of the energy harvester systems 66.
• the plug-n-play interface 41 on the door 14 may include one or more connectors for mating with an electrical connection for direct wired connection to a high voltage AC power source 60.
• the door 14 also include a rechargeable storage battery 300. Because a battery cannot be discharged and charged at the same time, the storage battery 300 is used for charging the primary battery 40 via charger 43 and provide power to the system (ECU 48, smart lock 30, and electric devices 36) when the primary battery 40 needs recharging. When the primary battery 40 has sufficient power to operate the system, the storage battery 300 is charged by the energy harvester systems 66 via charger 304. The storage battery 300 is used to store the harvested energy.
• the storage battery 300 is required to store that energy whenever it is available.
• the storage battery 300 should have a large capacity to store a large amount of energy so it can recharge the primary battery 40 multiple times, preferably at least two (2) times .
• the storage battery 300 is also used to power the system while also recharging the primary battery.
• the harvester systems are also disabled so that no charging of the storage battery 300 is available.
• the chargers 43 and 304 are used to charge the batteries 40 and 300, respectively. The battery charges are used to control the charging and discharging of the attached battery.
• the chargers 43 and 304 also provide charge and charging status of their respective batteries 40 and 300 to the ECU 48.
• the chargers 43 and 304 also include battery protective functions including, but not limited to, preventing over current/under current, over voltage/under voltage, overcharge/deep discharge, and temperature extremes (too hot, too cold). Detailed description of the operation of the charging of the primary battery 40 and storage battery 300 is provided below.
• the primary battery 40 is connected to the ECU 48, electric powered door latch/lock 30, and the electric devices 36 through a power output regulator 308which regulates the power needed to run the system.
• the power required to power the electrical devices 36 on the door 114 are controlled by the output power control (ECU) 48.
• ECU 48 can automatically detect if specific energy harvester 66 is installed, via a signal on the plug-n-play interfaces 41 and 74.
• Each energy harvester 66 is equipped with a dedicated power regulator 67 and energy capturing circuit (i.e.
• the energy harvester systems 66 also allow for multiple energy sources to be harvested simultaneously [ How?] . These features allow the system to adapt to the available energy, since each energy source may not always be present or have the same level of energy present at all times (i.e. could be cloudy, thus less solar energy to harvest). Several of these energy harvesters 66 may be used together to reliably produce enough energy to power the door 14 or recharge its batteries (300 and/or 40).
• the various energy that can be harvested may include but not limited to the following, as best shown in Figs. 4 and 12:
• RF Radio Frequency
• An RF and electromagnetic wave energy harvester system 66i includes an energy harvester 681 electrically connected to the storage battery 300.
• Radio or electromagnet waves may also be intentionally delivered to the door 14. Such example is shown in Fig. 2 and discussed above. Power from the high voltage AC power source 60 may be delivered to the door 14, e.g., via RF and/or electromagnetic energy as explained below and in Fig. 2 and Fig. 12.
• the piezoelectric harvester(s) 683 may be incorporated into one or more of the hinges 16 or inside the door 14 and connected to storage battery 300.
• vibration energy or kinetic energy of the door 14 slamming or other natural vibrations found in a home can also be harvested to generate energy; alternatively the
• - mechanical energy harvester 663 can use electromagnetic induction (or kinetic energy) to harvest energy , wherein electric power can be generated by a changing magnetic field.
• the changing magnetic field can be created by rotation of the door 14 during opening and/re closing thereof.
• the changing magnetic field can be created by vibration during door slamming, or other natural vibrations found in a home.
• One or more electromagnetic induction devices can be used to generate power to charge the storage battery
• each of the energy harvester system 66 also includes a power regulator 67 locating between the energy harvester 68 and the plug-n-play interface (see Figs. 4 and 16).
• the most efficient way to harvest as much energy as possible is to have separate energy harvester 68 and power regulator 67 for each type of external energy source and then to combine the collected energies after each independent power regulator 67 .
• the power regulator 67 performs, but is not limited to, the following functions 1) regulates the harvested power so it can be stored effectively; 2) tunes the load characteristics to optimize the energy transfer of the harvester system; and 3) regulates the output voltage and current.
• MPPT Maximum Power Point Tracking
• the power regulator 67 can also be powered from the door system (i.e., the primary battery 40 or the storage battery 300) to allow certain integrated circuits (ICs) to startup correctly.
• Certain ICs require a minimum input voltage to begin functioning before the input can be further lowered to their regular working voltage.
• a chip may be rated to operate with an input of 0.2V, but it may require a start-up voltage of 2.6V to begin functioning. This means that if the design is only capable of producing 0.5 V, other circuitry which can get the chip to the required 2.6V for start-up would be necessary, otherwise the chip will never begin to function.
• Having the door system provide the power for the power regulator 67, allows for the use of more commonly available regulators which can lower the cost of the system. Powering the power regulator 67 directly from the harvested energy may require the use of custom power regulators that have extremely low start up voltages, which can increase the cost of the system.
• the power regulator 67 may be turned off or put in sleep mode to consume no energy when not needed.
• the power regulator 672 of the solar harvester system 662 may be controlled by the ECU to turn off at night so that it is not consuming any energy when there is no solar energy to be harvested.
• a door assembly 101 includes a solar panel 70i as solar harvester 682.
• the solar panel 70i is built into the exterior skin 23 of door 14i.
• the solar panel 70i is disposed within the door 14i and is oriented orthogonal to the exterior skin 23, so as to be visible from the outside of the door 14i, as best shown in Fig. 5.
• the solar panel 70i is exposed to ambient solar radiation, which may be converted to electrical energy as is known in the art.
• Solar panels are available in various sizes and energy outputs.
• the solar panel 70i is replaced by a solar panel 702.
• the solar panel 702 is mounted to door 142 so as to be visible from the outside of the door 1142, as best shown in Fig. 6.
• the door 142 further includes a door panel 71 sliding vertically to expose the solar panel 702 when in the retracted position and to block the solar panel 7(h when in the raised position.
• the door panel 71 may be raised, such as to protect the solar panel 702 from harsh environments (rain, hail, flying debris, extreme temperatures) that may cause damage.
• the door panel 71 may be able to be raised and lowered controlled, e.g., by the ECU 48.
• the door panel 71 may also be raised when no sunlight is detected, thus allowing the door to have better aesthetics when the solar panel 70 is not in use.
• optical sensors detecting available sunlight and open the door panel 71 when sunlight is available.
• the door panel 71 preferably is motor operated, and may be activated by the homeowner, such as through an app or may be activated by sensors located in the door 14.
• the solar panel 70s is mounted to a bottom of an exterior skin 23 of a door 143 so as to be visible from the outside of the door 143, as best shown in Fig. 7. In this position the solar panel 70 will appear as a kick plate which is a common feature on doors, thus limiting potential negative impact on the door’s overall aesthetics.
• the panel may be constructed with materials, e.g., hardened panel, to protect it from the harsh environment.
• the solar panel 704 is disposed in front of the door 14, such as a welcome mat, as shown in Fig. 8.
• the solar panel 704 may be connected to the door 14 by a cable which may be plugged into the plug-n-play interface 41.
• the amount of energy a solar panel can capture is proportional to its surface area. The larger the panel, the more energy it can capture.
• the solar panel 704 may be is replaced by a welcome mat that has a piezoelectric plates embedded into the mat.
• the mat acts as an piezoelectric energy harvester, where energy is created every time a user steps on the mat. .
• the solar panel 70i is replaced by a solar panel 70s provided for covering a door lite 78.
• the solar panel 70s is mounted to door 14s so as to be visible from the outside of the door 14s, as shown in Fig. 9.
• the solar panel 70s is defined by a plurality of individual blind slats 72, each slat covered by an individual photo-voltaic (PV) module.
• PV photo-voltaic
• the solar panel 70s forming window blinds slides vertically to close or open the door lite 78.
• the window blinds preferably fold up on each other to save space in the door.
• the photo-voltaic (PV) modules each converts solar energy to electricity.
• Fig. 10 depicts an exemplary piezoelectric energy harvester system 663 including a piezoelectric harvester 683 disposed within the door 14.
• the piezoelectric harvester 683 comprises a flexible cantilever beam 80 secured to a fixed rigid support 82, front and rear piezoelectric plates 84 secured to front and rear surfaces of the flexible cantilever beam 80, and a proof mass 86 secured to a free distal end of the cantilever beam 80.
• the proof mass 86 moves relative to the fixed rigid support 82, and deforms the flexible cantilever beam 80 and the piezoelectric plates 84.
• the piezoelectric plates 84 when deformed generate the electric current used to recharge the storage battery 300.
• Fig. 11 depicts an exemplary kinetic energy harvester system 664 including a kinetic energy harvester 684 disposed within the door 14.
• the kinetic energy harvester 684 comprises an elongated (such as cylindrical) casing 90, an electromagnetic coil 92 mounted at one of opposite distal ends of the casing 90, and a magnet 94 rectilineariy moveable to and from the electromagnetic coil 92.
• the magnet 94 is elastically biased toward the electromagnetic coil 92 by a coil spring 96.
• the proof mass 86 moves relative to the fixed rigid support 82, the magnet 94 rectilineariy slides within the casing 90 to and from the electromagnetic coil 92, thus generating electric current in the electromagnetic coil 92, which is used to recharge the primary battery 40 via the storage battery 300.
• a door assembly according to the present invention does not require an always present, wired external power source, and thus is less expensive and easier to install (no need for an electrician) for a homeowner or user.
• the door assembly of the present invention also solves the problem of the user having to solely rely on a manual action to recharge the battery of the door or peripheral devices.
• the wireless power system of the present invention slowly charges the battery. For this reason, the wireless power transfer system of the present invention does not need to transmit a large amounts of electrical power during a short interval, thus allowing the transmitting assembly 500 to be compact .
• Convenient installation options of the plug and play interfaces allow the wireless power system of the present invention to be easily configured in the field and installed by an unskilled individual.
• the storage battery 300 can be charged by more than one energy sources, including an on-demand high voltage AC power source 60 (direct wired connection), a solar energy harvester system 662, Radio or magnetic wave energy harvester system 661, mechanical energy harvester system 663, or combinations thereof.
• an on-demand high voltage AC power source 60 direct wired connection
• a solar energy harvester system 662 Radio or magnetic wave energy harvester system 661
• mechanical energy harvester system 663 or combinations thereof.
• different embodiments above are combined to recharge the storage battery 300 (and thereby, the primary battery 40).
• the storage battery 300 may be charged by an external high voltage AC power source 60 (wired-connected on demand) and solar energy harvester 662; the solar energy harvester 662, the mechanical energy harvester system 663, and the external high voltage AC power source 60 ( wired - on demand); the solar energy harvester system 662, the radio or magnetic wave energy harvester system 661, and the mechanical wave energy harvester system 663; the solar energy harvester system 662, the radio or magnetic wave energy harvester system 661, and the mechanical energy harvester system 663; etc.
• an external high voltage AC power source 60 wired-connected on demand
• solar energy harvester 662 the solar energy harvester 662, the mechanical energy harvester system 663, and the external high voltage AC power source 60 ( wired - on demand)
• the solar energy harvester system 662, the radio or magnetic wave energy harvester system 661, and the mechanical wave energy harvester system 663 the solar energy harvester system 662, the radio or magnetic wave energy harvester system 661, and the mechanical energy harvester system 663; etc
• FIG. 12 An exemplary system is shown in FIG. 12, where the primary battery 40 is being charged by the storage battery 300 or a high voltage AC power source 60.
• the high voltage AC power source 60 can be used to recharge the primary battery 40 by a temporary wired connection.
• the AC power is converted to DC by a AC/DC converter 200.
• the DC power from the AC/DC converter 200 is then wired to the door, preferably by plugging the power wire from the AC/DC converter 200 into the plug-n- play interface 41 of the door 14 (see Fig. 4)
• the AD/DC converter 200 preferably includes a plug-n-play interface 502 which mates to the plug-n-play interface 41 on the door 14.
• the wired charging connection is desirable only in limited circumstances where the primary battery 40 needs immediate power (such as when both the primary battery 40 and the storage battery 300 are depleted), because having a wire connected to the door 14 detracts from the aesthetic of the door and is not generally desirable. Once the primary battery 40 is sufficiently charged, the wire may be removed. It should also be understood that the AC/DC converter 200 may also be used to recharge the storage battery 300.
• the wireless power transfer system 50 for wireless charging, the wireless power transfer system 50, as shown in Fig. 2, is used. That wireless power transfer system 50 includes the power transmitter 52, the transmitting antenna 54 operatively connected to the power transmitter 52, the receiving antenna 56, and the power receiver 58 operatively connected to the coupling device 56.
• the receiving antenna 56 and the power receiver 58 are located on or inside the door 14, while the power transmitter 52 and the transmitting antenna 54 are remote from the door 14 as disclosed above and in Fig. 3.
• the receiving antenna 56 and the power receiver 58 serve as the RF and electromagnetic wave energy harvester 681 and power regulator 67i, respectively, of the radio and magnetic wave harvester system 66i.
• the receiving antenna 56 is preferably formed in the door skin 22 and/or 24 as disclosed above and in Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15.
• the power receiver 58 is electrically connected to the energy source selector 302, and eventually the central ECU 48 via plug-n-play interface 41 on the door 14, as disclosed above.
• the solar energy harvester system 662 preferably plugs into the plug-n-play interface 41 on the door 14, as disclosed above, which connects the solar energy harvester system 662 to the energy source selector 302, and eventually the central ECU 48.
• the central ECU 48 monitors and controls the energy source selector 302 to distribute power collected from the solar energy harvester system 662 and the power receiver 58 to the storage battery 300 which is charged by the battery charger 304 .
• the storage battery 300 is used to charge the primary battery 40 when the primary battery 40 is deplete of power (power insufficient to run the ECU 48, smart lock 30, other electric devices 36, power regulator(s) 67, energy source selector, and other electricity consuming component of the door 14). Power from the primary battery 40 (or storage battery 300 as explained below) is distributed to the ECU 48, smart lock 30, other electric devices 36, power regulator(s) 67, energy source selector, and other electricity consuming component of the door 14), via the power output regulator 308. .
• Fig. 12 shows the solar energy harvester system 662 and radio and magnetic waves energy harvester 661 being used to charge the storage battery 300
• other energy harvester systems 66 such as the mechanical energy harvester system 663 and/or other energy harvester system 664 may similarly be used.
• Those energy harvester systems 661, 663-664 may be used in conjunction with or instead of the solar energy harvester system 662.
• Fig. 12 shows the high voltage AC power source 60 being used to recharge the primary battery 40 by direct wired connection, however the use of the AC power source and the wired charging is not preferred of the wireless options discussed above, but used only in special instances when both the storage 300 and primary 40 do not have enough power to run the system, as disclosed above.
• Fig. 4 which shows the use of the energy harvester systems 66) to charge the storage battery 300 (and thereby the primary battery 40).
• the storage battery 300 in conjunction with the energy harvester systems 66, the storage battery 300 is can also be charged by a wired connection to the high voltage AC power source 60 via the AC/DC converter.
• the wired connection is preferably plugged into the plug-n-play interface 41 in the door 14.
• Fig. 4 shows the radio and magnetic wave energy harvester system 661, the solar energy harvester system 662, a mechanical energy harvester system 663, and other energy harvester system 664 being connected to the plug-n-play interface 41 on the door, not all energy harvester systems 66 must be plugged into the door at once.
• One or more, preferably two or more, may be used to provide a reliable energy source.
• the primary battery 40 may also be charged directly by the wired high voltage AC power source 60, as shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 12, and Fig 16.
• the storage battery 300 is charged by the energy harvester systems 66 and/or the wired high voltage AC power source 60 via the charger 304.
• the storage battery 300 is then used to charge the primary battery 40 via charger 43. That system is designed to allow energy to be stored (in the storage battery 300) while the primary battery 40 is simultaneously being drained to power the system (power regulator(s), energy source selector, ECU 48, smart lock 30 and/or the electric devices 36).
• the primary battery 40 has sufficient power to operate the system
• the storage battery 300 is charged by the energy harvester systems 66 and/or the wired high voltage AC power source 60.
• the electrical circuits responsible for switching battery operation of the primary battery 40 and the storage battery 300 are located in an energy source selector module (ESSM) 302 (see Figs. 4, 12, andl6).
• the ECU 48 includes a power monitoring and management logic module (MMLC) 306 which communicates with and controls the ESSM 302 (see Fig. 16).
• MMLC power monitoring and management logic module
• the ECU 48 acts as the brains of the system. It monitors the signals received from the ESSM 302 to enable/disable charging of the batteries, to select the appropriate power source for charging the primary battery, to selecting the appropriate power source for operating the system, and/or to enable/disable the energy harvester system(s) 66 when not needed.
• the ECU 48 also manages the smart lock 30 and electric devices 36 by providing and monitoring the appropriate power/communication needed for normal operation.
• mating of the plug-n-play interfaces 74, 41 allows energy to be collected simultaneously at the different energy harvester systems 66 and then directed to the ESSM 302.
• the ESSM 302 is located in the door 14 and contains hardware to provide, but not limited to, four (4) main functions: 1) routing power for the system (the electric devices 36, smart lock 30, power regulator(s) 67, energy source selector 302, and any other electrical powered device); 2) routing power for re-charging the primary battery; 3) enabling/disabling charging of the batteries 40, 300 (a battery cannot be discharged and recharged at the same time); and 4) combining the harvested energy from the various energy harvester systems so they can be used to recharge the storage battery 300.
• ESSM 302 may also use software.
• the ESSM 302 interfaces with the ECU 48 to send and to receive signals thereto/therefrom.
• the signals received from the ECU 48 include, but are not limited to, signals to enable/disable charging of the batteries, to change the power source for charging the primary battery 40 ,to select the appropriate power source for the system power ; and to enable/disable energy harvester systems when not needed.
• Signals sent to the ECU 48 include, but are not limited to, charge status of the primary battery 40 and/or the storage battery 300 (low charge, full charge, etc..), charger status of the primary battery 40 and/or the storage battery 300 (charging, not charging), and the presence of wired connected AC/DC converter 200 .
• Power is sent from the primary battery 40 or the storage battery 300 to power the ECU
• Figs. 17 is a schematic showing the logic used by the MMLC 306 to manage power usage in the system. That logic allows the ECU to direct power collected from the different external energy sources, charge the batteries (300 and 40), and power the system’s electrical devices.
• the MMLC 306 first determines whether the line power (wired connection to power source 60) is available (box 400). If line power is connected (direct wired connection to a power source 60), it is used to provide power to the rest of the system (box 428), and, if needed, to charge the primary battery 40 (box 402) by enabling power to be routed to the primary battery charger 43 (box 401). At the same time, if needed, the external energy harvester systems 66 are enabled (box 404) only for charging the storage battery 300 (box 406). If the storage battery 300 does not need to be charged, the energy harvesters are disabled (box 430) thus stopping the storage battery from being charged (box 432).
• line power to the primary battery charger 43 is disabled (box 408). If needed, the primary battery 40 is charged (box 402) by routing power from the storage battery 300 to the primary battery 40 (box 410). At the same time, however, the external energy harvester systems 66 are disabled (box 412) which also disable charging of the storage battery 300 (box 414) to prevent the storage battery 300 from being charged and discharged at the same time. While the primary battery 40 is being charged by the energy stored in the storage battery 300, the storage battery 300 is also used to power the rest of the system (box 416). If the primary battery 40 does not need to be charged, power from the storage battery 300 to the primary battery 40 is disabled (box 418) which disables charging of the primary battery 40 (box 420).

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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• 2022
  • 2022-09-23 EP EP22793914.7A patent/EP4406090A1/de active Pending
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  • 2022-09-23 WO PCT/US2022/044571 patent/WO2023049371A1/en not_active Ceased
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